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41.
β-氨基丁酸、茉莉酸及其甲酯诱导辣椒抗TMV作用的研究 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5
β -氨基丁酸 (BABA)、茉莉酸 (JA)及其甲酯 (MeJA)喷雾处理辣椒叶片和茎秆后可诱导辣椒获得对TMV的抗性。研究结果表明 :3种诱抗剂对不同辣椒品种所表现的诱抗效果没有显著差异 ;诱抗效果受诱抗剂的使用浓度、作物的生育期和TMV的接种浓度所影响 ;最高的诱抗效果可达到 5 0 %以上 ;BABA处理后 5~ 6d ,JA与MeJA处理后 6~ 10d接种TMV ,辣椒植株开始表达出较高的诱导抗性 ,这种抗性可持续 15d以上 ,并表现出与数量抗病性相似的特性。 相似文献
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43.
根据南方菜豆花叶病毒(SBMV)两株系B和C的核酸序列设计两对引物,利用RT-PCR可以特异地区分纯化的和0.2g病叶中的两株系,RT-PCR检测SBMV-B的灵敏度为10pg。 相似文献
44.
中国18 省市番茄晚疫病菌生理小种的鉴定 总被引:26,自引:2,他引:26
利用5 个含有不同单显性抗番茄晚疫病基因的番茄材料Ts19、Ts33、W1Va700、LA1033 和L3708为鉴别寄主, 对我国18 省、市、自治区的番茄晚疫病菌201 个纯化分离物进行了生理小种鉴定。结果共鉴定出8 个小种, 即生理小种T0、T1、T1 ,2 、T1 ,2 ,3 、T1 ,2 ,3 ,4 、T1 ,4 、T1 ,2 ,4 和T3。其中, 小种T1 和T1 , 2是主流小种, 地理分布最广和发生频率最高, 分别在13 和11 个省市出现, 占样本总数的28.8 %和28.4 %;其次是小种T0 和T1 ,2 ,3 , 分别在8 和7 个省市出现, 分别占1819 %和819 %; 再其次是小1 ,2 ,3 ,4 , 在4个省市有发生, 占710 %; 小种T1 ,2 ,4 、T1 ,4 和T3 分布均少, 仅在1~2 个省市发生, 分别占3.0 %、2.5 %和2.5 %。这是我国的首次报道, 为番茄晚疫病的抗源材料筛选和抗病育种提供了病理学依据。 相似文献
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46.
Norman Owen-Smith 《Landscape Ecology》2004,19(7):761-771
Large mammalian herbivores are notorious for their propensity towards population irruptions and crashes, yet many herbivore populations remain relatively stable. I explore how resource heterogeneity within landscapes dampens population instability, using a metaphysiological modelling approach considering patch state distributions. Resource heterogeneity is functionally stabilizing through spreading consumption away from preferred resources before these become critically depleted. Lower-quality resources act as a buffer against starvation during critical periods of the seasonal cycle. Enriching resource quality is destabilizing, even if patch diversity is maintained, because food quantity then becomes the limitation. The potential consequences of landscape fragmentation are explored using the Serengeti ecosystem, characterised by broadscale resource gradients, as a hypothetical example. Further insights provided by the model are illustrated with specific examples concerning the effects of patch scales and waterpoint distribution. A metaphysiological modelling approach enables the basic consequences of landscape heterogeneity to be distinguished from further effects that may arise from specific patch scales and configurations, without the distracting detail of spatially explicit models. 相似文献
47.
Judith Hübschen Lilo Kling Ulrike Ipach Volker Zinkernagel Nathalie Bosselut Daniel Esmenjaud Derek J.F. Brown Roy Neilson 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2004,110(8):779-788
Xiphinema diversicaudatum and X. index are vector nematode species of economic importance in viticulture regions as they can transmit Arabis Mosaic, Grapevine Fanleaf and Strawberry Latent Ringspot viruses to grapevine. Wang et al. (2003) designed species-specific diagnostic primers from ribosomal genes for both these vector species as well as a vector and a non-vector species X. italiae and X. vuittenezi, respectively. Our study aimed to confirm the specificity and determine the sensitivity and reliability of the primers for the two vector species, X. diversicaudatumand X. indexwhen challenged with closely related longidorid species and general nematode communities typical of vineyard soil. With one exception, no PCR product was observed when the primers were tested against six Longidorus, one Paralongidorus and one Xiphinema non-target species. Occasionally (three out of eight replicate PCR reactions) a weak PCR product was noted when primers for X. index were tested with L. elongatus. Furthermore, when challenged with a range of non-target nematode species comprising the nematode community typical of viticulture soil, no PCR product was amplified. An experimental dilution series of extracted DNA rigorously demonstrated that DNA from an equivalent single specimen of the target virus-vector species, X. diversicaudatum and/or X. index, could be detected amongst 1000 equivalent non-targetX. vuittenezi. Also, extracted DNA from an equivalent single target specimen was detected when added to DNA extracted from the overall soil nematode community. The primers were assessed further by using serial mixtures of actual nematodes rather than extracted DNA to simulate field soil. Using this method, a single target nematode could be detected amongst 200 non-target specimens. Given their specificity, sensitivity and reliability, it appears that these diagnostic primers will be of great benefit to phytosanitary/quarantine services related to the viticulture industry. 相似文献
48.
Abbas Safari Navid Ghavi Hossein-Zadeh Abdol Ahad Shadparvar Rostam Abdollahi Arpanahi 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(4):707-714
The aim of current study was to review breeding progress and update information on genetic strategies in Iranian buffaloes. Iranian buffalo is one of the vital domestic animals throughout north, north-west, south and south-west of Iran with measurable characteristics both in milk and meat production. The species plays an important role in rural economy of the country due to its unique characteristics such as resistance to diseases and parasites, having long productive lifespan and showing higher capability of consuming low-quality forage. In Iran, total production of milk and meat devoted to buffaloes are 293,000 and 24,700 tons, respectively. Selection activities and milk yield recording are carrying out by the central government through the Animal Breeding Centre of Iran. The main breeding activities of Iranian buffaloes included the estimation of genetic parameters and genetic trends for performance traits using different models and methods, estimation of economic values and selection criteria and analysis of population structure. Incorporating different aspects of dairy buffalo management together with improved housing, nutrition, breeding and milking, is known to produce significant improvements in buffalo production. Therefore, identifying genetic potential of Iranian buffaloes, selection of superior breeds, improving nutritional management and reproduction and developing the education and increasing the skills of practical breeders can be useful in order to enhance the performance and profitability of Iranian buffaloes. 相似文献
49.
Haemonchus contortus is a parasite of major economic importance of most sheep-rearing areas of the world. A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2015 to March 2016 with objectives of determining the prevalence and associated risk factors of Haemonchus contortus infection in sheep slaughtered at Jimma town municipal abattoir, Ethiopia. Of the total 7000 sheep slaughtered during the study time period, 384 sheep were randomly selected and examined for parasites. The overall prevalence of Haemonchus contortus infection was 264 (68.75%). Infection rate of poor body condition animals was significantly (P?=?0.000) higher than good body conditioned animals. The mean packed cell volume (PCV) values (%) of parasitemic and aparasitemic sheep were 23.73?±?3.7 SD and 37.66?±?4.736 SD, respectively. The prevalence in adult sheep (>?1 year) was insignificantly (P?=?0.653) higher than that of young sheep (≤?1 year). The highest prevalence was recorded in sheep that originated from Seka district (73.3%) and the lowest in Kersa district (63.4%) with non-significant variation (P?=?0.691). The highest monthly mean worm burdens and prevalence of Haemonchus contortus infection were recorded in November and lowest in March. The current study revealed that Haemonchus contortus infection is an important and common parasitic disease and requires special attention to its control. 相似文献
50.
Eric Lim Teik Chung Michael Predith Frisco Nobilly Anjas Asmara Samsudin Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse Teck Chwen Loh 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(8):1727-1732
Brachiaria decumbens is an extremely productive tropical grass due to its aggressive growth habit and its adaptation to a varied range of soil types and environments. As a result of the vast availability, treated B. decumbens demonstrates as a promising local material that could be utilised as an improved diet for sheep and goats. Despite the fact that the grass significantly increases weight gains in grazing farm animals, there were many reports of general ill-thrift and sporadic outbreaks of photosensitivity in livestock due to the toxic compound of steroidal saponin found in B. decumbens. Ensiling and haymaking were found to be effective in removing toxin and undesirable compounds in the grass. Biological treatments using urea, activated charcoal, polyethylene glycol, and effective microorganisms were found to be useful in anti-nutritional factor deactivation and improving the nutritive values of feedstuffs. Besides, oral administration of phenobarbitone showed some degree of protection in sheep that fed on B. decumbens pasture. In this review, we aim to determine the effect of B. decumbens toxicity and possible treatment methods on the grass to be used as an improved diet for small ruminant. 相似文献