Effect of ground cover on splash and sheetwash erosion over a steep forested hillslope: A plot-scale study     

Afshin Ghahramani  Yoshiharu Ishikawa  Takashi Gomi  Katsushige Shiraki  Shusuke Miyata 《CATENA》2011

The contributions and relationships of erosion by splash and overland flow over a steep slope in a Japanese beech forest in plots with different percentages of ground cover were examined. Three erosion plots (2 m wide × 5 m long) with average understory coverage of 1%, 45%, and 94% were installed. Sediment transported by rain splash and by overland flow was sampled separately. For the plots with sparse, moderate, and high understory coverage, the average proportions of splash soil to total soil erosion during the monitoring period were 16%, 32%, and 18%, respectively. A significant correlation between the amount of splash soil and precipitation was found in the plots with 1% and 45% understory coverage, whereas no statistical relationship was identified for the plot with high understory coverage. At the sparse ground cover plot showing the largest sediment movement, the contribution of splash transport decreased with increasing precipitation. The amount of sheetwash erosion was significantly correlated with the amount of splash soil under the condition of sparse ground cover. This relationship was more pronounced during high precipitation events and the rainy season. Splash contribution to the sediment transport was in the range of 0.8%–76.7%, 2.8%–81% and 2.1%–60.8% for plot with high, moderate and low ground cover, respectively. The sparse ground cover showed the largest variation of splash and sheetwash contribution in soil erosion. This variability was due to variation in ground cover and soil surface wetness condition which led to a variation of detachment and non-linear relationship of sheetwash splash.  相似文献   

Identifying a new locus that regulates the development of rete ovarian cysts in MRL/MpJ mice     

Lee SH  Ichii O  Otsuka S  Hashimoto Y  Namiki Y  Kon Y 《The Japanese journal of veterinary research》2011,59(2-3):79-88

MRL/MpJ (MRL) is a mouse model for autoimmune disease and develops ovarian cysts with age. The ovarian cysts originate from the rete ovarii, which is considered to be the remnant of fetal mesonephric tubules. In a previous study, we analyzed the genetic background of ovarian cysts by using backcross progenies between MRL and C57BL/6N (B6) mice. By interval mapping, suggestive linkages were detected on several chromosomes (Chrs), and a significant linkage on Chr 14 was designated as MRL Rete Ovarian Cyst (mroc). In the present study, which evaluated 113 F2 intercross progenies, a significant linkage appeared on Chr 6 at the marker position D6Mit188 (likelihood ratio statistic = 18.5). In particular, the peak regions of Chrs 6 and 14, which contain major causative loci by backcross analysis, showed close reverse interaction. From these results, a locus on Chr 6 was identified as mroc2, the second major locus associated with ovarian cyst formation in MRL mice.  相似文献   

Eosinophilic Granuloma with Splendore-Hoeppli Material Caused by Toxigenic Corynebacterium ulcerans in a Heifer     

Kenji MURAKAMI  Eiji HATA  Shinichi HATAMA  Yoshihiro WADA  Mitsuru ITO  Yoshiharu ISHIKAWA  Koichi KADOTA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2014,76(6):931-935

  相似文献   

One-step Generation of Phenotype-expressing Triple-knockout Mice with Heritable Mutated Alleles by the CRISPR/Cas9 System     

Wataru FUJII  Asuka ONUMA  Koji SUGIURA  Kunihiko NAITO 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2014,60(4):324-327

Triple-knockout mice generated by the one-step CRISPR/Cas9 system were examined for the effects of multiple gene modifications on each phenotype and individual gene function. Sixty embryos were transferred, and 9 pups were obtained; all 9 pups had mutations on 3 loci, and 7 pups showed mutations in all-alleles. F0 mice showed knockout phenotypes or no protein expression of target genes simultaneously, and these mutations were normally inherited in the next generation.  相似文献   

Stimulatory effect of cold acclimation on skeletal muscle branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase in rats     

Masaaki TOYOMIZU  Tsunekazu AKAZAWA  Hisao FUJII  Naoya NAKAI  Yoshiharu SHIMOMURA  Yukio AKIBA 《Animal Science Journal》2002,73(5):363-368

The effects of cold-acclimation (3 weeks at 4°C) on the actual activities of branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complexes in the skeletal muscle and liver of normal 6-week-old rats were studied. The activities of BCKDH and PDH complexes were assayed using [1–¹⁴C] α-ketoisocaproate and [1-¹⁴C]pyruvate, respectively. Cold-acclimation markedly stimulated the activity of BCKDH, and slightly but significantly increased the activities of PDH and citrate synthase (CS) in the skeletal muscle, but did not alter PDH, BCKDH or CS activities in the liver. The increase in muscle BCKDH activity (control rats, 1.45 ± 0.54 mU/g wet wt; cold-acclimated rats, 2.54 ± 0.50 mU/g wet wt; 75% increase: P  = 0.001) was much greater than the increases in PDH activity (84 ± 16 mU/g wet wt and 111 ± 25 mU/g wet wt; 32% increase: P  = 0.020) or CS activities (27 ± 3 μmol/min per g wet wt and 31 ± 2 μmol/min per g wet wt; 14% increase: P  = 0.046). These results suggest that, unlike PDH, BCKDH is not directly associated with the mitochondrial oxidative activity of the skeletal muscle of cold-acclimated rats. This study provides the first evidence that BCKDH in skeletal muscle responds selectively to cold-acclimation.  相似文献   

Cardiovascular and renal effects of constant rate infusions of remifentanil, dexmedetomidine and their combination in dogs anesthetized with sevoflurane     

Natsuki AKASHI  Yusuke MURAHATA  Masahumi HOSOKAWA  Yoshiaki HIKASA  Yoshiharu OKAMOTO  Tomohiro IMAGAWA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(2):285

We evaluated changes in cardiovascular and renal functions as well as arginine vasopressin (AVP) secretion, with remifentanil and dexmedetomidine administration alone or in combination in sevoflurane-anesthetized dogs. Six healthy adult Beagle dogs received one of the following four treatments in a randomized crossover study: saline (C), remifentanil alone at successively increasing doses (R; 0.15, 0.60, and 2.40 µg/kg/min), dexmedetomidine alone (D; 0.5 µg/kg intravenously for initial 10 min followed by a constant rate infusion at 0.5 µg/kg/hr), and a combination of remifentanil and dexmedetomidine at the above-mentioned doses (RD). Sevoflurane doses were adjusted to 1.5 times of minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) equivalent according to MAC-sparing effects with remifentanil and dexmedetomidine as previously reported. Cardiovascular measurements, renal function data, and plasma AVP concentrations were determined before and every 60 min until 180 min after drug administration as per each treatment. In the R, D and RD, heart rate significantly decreased and mean arterial pressure significantly increased from baseline or with C. Cardiac index significantly decreased and systemic vascular resistance index increased with D and RD. Oxygen extraction ratio, renal blood flow, and glomerular filtration rate were not affected. The plasma AVP concentrations significantly decreased in D and RD, but increased in R. Only in D, the natriuresis was elicited. The combination of remifentanil and dexmedetomidine in sevoflurane-anesthetized dogs was acceptable in terms of the hemodynamics, oxygenation, and renal function. Remifentanil may interfere with dexmedetomidine-induced diuresis and inhibition of AVP secretion.  相似文献   

Effects of exposure to methylglyoxal on sperm motility and embryonic development after fertilization in mice     

Tatsuya NAKANO  Mizuki KONO  Kazuki SEGAWA  Satoshi KUROSAKA  Yoshiharu NAKAOKA  Yoshiharu MORIMOTO  Tasuku MITANI 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2021,67(2):123

Methylglyoxal (MG) is a precursor for the generation of endogenous advanced glycation end-products involved in various diseases, including infertility. The present study evaluated the motility and developmental competence after in vitro fertilization of mouse sperm which were exposed to MG in the capacitation medium for 1.5 h. Sperm motility was analyzed using an SQA-V automated sperm quality analyzer. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and DNA damage were assessed using flow cytometry. The matured oocytes were inseminated with MG-exposed sperm, and subsequently, the fertilization and embryonic development in vitro were evaluated in vitro. The exposure of sperm to MG did not considerably affect the swim-up of sperm but resulted in a deteriorated sperm motility in a concentration-dependent manner, which was associated with a decreased mitochondrial activity. However, these effects was not accompanied by obvious ROS accumulation or DNA damage. Furthermore, MG diminished the fertilization rate and developmental competence, even after normal fertilization. Collectively, a short-term exposure to MG during sperm capacitation had a critical impact on sperm motility and subsequent embryonic development after fertilization. Considering that sperm would remain in vivo for up to 3 days until fertilization, our findings suggest that sperm can be affected by MG in the female reproductive organs, which may be associated with infertility.  相似文献   

Potential of preimplantation genomic selection using the blastomere separation technique in bovine in vitro fertilized embryos     

Takashi FUJII  Akira NAITO  Satoru MORIYASU  Soichi KAGEYAMA 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2021,67(2):155

Preimplantation genomic selection combined with an in vitro embryo production system is expected as a means of accelerating genetic improvement in cattle. While micromanipulation-based biopsy approaches are often used to collect embryonic cells for genetic testing, they require expensive equipment and sophisticated skills, hindering the adoption of this system. In the present study, to develop a simple method for preimplantation genomic selection using the blastomere separation (BS) technique in bovine in vitro fertilized embryos, we examined the accuracy of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping and optimal cryopreservation method in demi-blastocysts produced by the BS technique. We demonstrated reliable SNP genotyping using DNA derived from demi-blastocysts. We indicated a suitable equilibrium time in vitrification solution for demi-blastocysts and succeeded obtaining pregnancies by the transfer of vitrified demi-blastocysts. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the BS technique provides a simple method for preimplantation genomic selection in bovine in vitro fertilized embryos.  相似文献   

Sterol ferulates, sterols, and 5-alk(en)ylresorcinols from wheat, rye, and corn bran oils and their inhibitory effects on Epstein-Barr virus activation     

Iwatsuki K  Akihisa T  Tokuda H  Ukiya M  Higashihara H  Mukainaka T  Iizuka M  Hayashi Y  Kimura Y  Nishino H 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(23):6683-6688

Sterol ferulate, free sterol, and 5-alk(en)ylresorcinol constituents of wheat, rye, and corn bran oils were studied. Among the sterol ferulates, one novel compound, 24-methylenecholestanol ferulate (7), along with six known compounds, namely, 24-methylcholestanol ferulate (1), 24-methylcholesterol ferulate (2), 2-methyllathosterol ferulate (3), stigmastanol ferulate (4), sitosterol ferulate (5), and schottenol ferulate (6), were isolated and characterized. Five known free sterols, namely, 24-methylcholesterol (8), stigmastanol (9), sitosterol (10), schottenol (11), and stigmasterol (12), were isolated and identified. 5-Alk(en)ylresorcinols were found in wheat and rye bran oils but not in corn bran oil. Of these, one new compound, 5-n-(2'-oxo-14'-Z-heneicosenyl) resorcinol (19), and seven known compounds, namely, 5-n-heptadecyl- (13), 5-n-nonadecyl- (14), 5-n-heneicosyl- (15), 5-n-tricosyl- (16), 5-n-pentacosyl- (17), 5-n-(14'-Z-nonadecenyl)- (18), and 5-n-(2'-oxoheneicosyl)resorcinols (20), were isolated and characterized. These compounds were evaluated with respect to their inhibitory effects on the induction of Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in Raji cells, which is known to be a primary screening test for antitumor promoters. Four compounds, 1, 2, 4, and 11, showed potent inhibitory effects on EBV-EA induction.  相似文献   

Adsorption and Transformation Reactions of L-DOPA in Soils     

Akihiro Furubayashi  Syuntaro Hiradate  Yoshiharu Fujii 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2005,51(6):819-825

  相似文献