Anthracnose of Japanese radish caused by Colletotrichum dematium     

Toyozo Sato  Taturo Muta  Yukihisa Imamura  Hidenobu Nojima  Jouji Moriwaki  Yukio Yaguchi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2005,71(5):380-383

Anthracnose of Japanese radish found in Kagoshima and Miyazaki prefectures was demonstrated to be caused by Colletotrichum dematium based on inoculation experiments and morphological and molecular identification of the pathogenic fungus. Although symptoms of Japanese radish anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum higginsianum were similar to those caused by C. dematium, damage by the latter pathogen was more severe than that by C. higginsianum.  相似文献   

Application of restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis to simple and rapid genotyping of bovine viral diarrhea virus strains isolated in Japan   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Seki Y  Seimiya YM  Motokawa M  Yaegashi G  Nagai M  Hayashi M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2008,70(4):393-395

The E2 regions of 177 bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) strains isolated in Japan between 1957 and 2006 were analyzed for genotyping. The strains were classified into 8 genotypes (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f, So and 2a) based on the phylogenetic analysis. The restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the RT-PCR products using 6 selected enzymes (Apo I, Mly I, BstAP I, Pvu II, Ear I, EcoR V) disclosed the cutting patterns classified into 11 groups (I-XI), each of that consisted of strains belonging to a single genotype. Namely, groups-I and -II were composed by genotype-1a strains, groups-III and -IV by 1b strains, and groups-V and -VI by 1c strains. Other groups-VII, -VIII, -IX, -X and -XI comprised genotypes-1d, -1e, -1f, -So and -2a strains, respectively. The results suggest that the RFLP analysis can simply and rapidly differentiate the 8 genotypes of BVDV strains.  相似文献   

Potential application of simple easy-to-use insertion-deletion (InDel) markers in citrus cultivar identification     

Takahiro Noda  Kaoru Daiou  Takashi Mihara  Yukio Nagano 《Breeding Science》2021,71(5):601

We previously developed insertion-deletion (InDel) markers that distinguish three genotypes (two homozygous and one heterozygous) of diverse citrus cultivars. These InDel markers were codominant and could be clearly detected by using simple agarose gel electrophoresis. We sought to establish a method for cultivar identification using these 28 InDel markers to genotype 31 citrus cultivars. The results revealed that a minimum of 6 markers were required to identify individuals using the three-genotype classification method. Furthermore, we found that a simple method for distinguishing between two genotypes (homozygous and heterozygous) could be used to identify individuals using a minimum of 7 markers. Our findings provide a basis for the development of simple and rapid citrus cultivar identification methods.  相似文献   

Deforestation and degradation of natural resources in Ethiopia: Forest management implications from a case study in the Belete-Gera Forest     

Sheauchi Cheng  Yukio Hiwatashi  Hideki Imai  Mitsuru Naito  Tatsuka Numata 《Journal of Forest Research》1998,3(4):199-204

The major causes of deforestation and degradation of natural resources in the Belete-Gera Forest of Ethiopia are coffee production activities and encroachment into forestland to expand farmland and pasture. Population growth, and the government’s land-reform and re-settlement programs have caused local residents to lose harmony with the land. Forest management in this area hasn’t yet been fully developed. The objectives of this study are to identify the extent of deforestation and natural resource degradation, in preparation for a sound management plan. Encroachment of farmland and pasture into natural forest during the past four years has been identified through interviews and aerial photo interpretation. The encroachment rate is 1.45% per year. Encroachment occurred mostly on areas with gentle slopes adjacent to populated villages and along roads and footpaths. The extent and impact of coffee production activities were examined through agency documents, forest survey data and vegetation survey. It is estimated that up to 49% of the accessible natural forest is under the influence of coffee production activities, among which collecting of naturally grown coffee beans has the least and the coffee plantations has the most impact on the natural forest. Coffee plantations in natural forest have reduced the forest density and species diversity. Age structure of the trees is limited to mature and old classes only, which eventually endangers their function as shade for coffee plantations. This project was funded by the Japan International Cooperation Agency.  相似文献   

Life cycle of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Dilophus okamurae</Emphasis> (Phaeophyceae) and its associated invertebrate fauna in Onagawa Bay,Japan     

Yukio?AgatsumaEmail author  Yasuhiro?Kuwahara  Kazuya?Taniguchi 《Fisheries Science》2005,71(5):1107-1114

ABSTRACT:   The life cycle of Dilophus okamurae and the associated benthic invertebrate fauna were studied monthly or bimonthly from June 1998 to September 1999 at a depth of 4–7 m in Onagawa Bay along the Pacific coast of north-eastern Honshu, Japan (38°28'N, 149°29'E). Dry biomass ranged from 230 g/m² in June to 10 g/m² in October. Sporophytes with tetrasporangia appeared during July to September 1998. Gametophytes with oogonia or antheridia were observed for the first time in May 1999 during observation. The absence of mature sporophytes in 1999 suggests that the life cycle is completed over two years. The sympatric gastropods Lirularia iridescens , Homalopoma sangrarense, Conotalopia minima and Cantharidus callichroa synchronized with seasonal changes in biomass of this algae. In contrast, Barleeia angustata and B. trifasciata fluctuated independently. The juvenile sea urchin Strongylocentrotus nudus appeared in the algal population starting in October at 0.7 mm mean test diameter at high density, and disappeared after March.  相似文献   

Effect of nitrate fertilization of gametophytes of the kelp Undaria pinnatifida on growth and maturation of the sporophytes cultivated in Matsushima Bay, northern Honshu, Japan     

Xu Gao  Yukio Agatsuma  Kazuya Taniguchi 《Aquaculture International》2013,21(1):53-64

In northern Japan, the early production of high-quality specimens of kelps Undaria pinnatifida prior to the outbreak of pinhole disease is needed. To address this need, we tested the effect of nitrate fertilization of gametophytes on the growth and maturation of sporophytes using experimental and control gametophytes derived from sporophytes cultivated in Matsushima Bay, northern Honshu, Japan. From mid-August to October 2008, experimental gametophytes were cultured on a rope indoors at a nitrate concentration of 1 mg/L at the optimal seawater temperature of 20 °C, whereas control gametophytes were cultured without the addition of nitrate in normal seawater at an average temperature of 23.5 °C during this period in the past 30 years. Next, the seedlings were cultivated in Matsushima Bay until March 2009. For the experimental kelps, the total length, stipe length, stipe width, sporophyll length, sporophyll width, and dry weight of the blade, midrib, and sporophyll increased significantly from December to January compared to those of control kelps. Matured sporophylls of the experimental kelps were more than those of the control kelps from early December to late January. Significant higher photosynthesis occurred at seawater temperatures of 10 and 15 °C, as well as higher uptake rates of NO₃–N of the experimental kelps in December and January. These results show that nitrate fertilization of the gametophytes makes it possible to harvest the high-priced blade, midrib, and sporophyll in January, which is earlier than the traditional harvest date.  相似文献   

Purification and characterization of an angiotensin I‐converting enzyme inhibitory peptide derived from porcine troponin C     

Kazunori KATAYAMA  Makoto TOMATSU  Hidetaka FUCHU  Masaaki SUGIYAMA  Satoshi KAWAHARA  Kiyoshi YAMAUCHI  Yukio KAWAMURA  Michio MUGURUMA 《Animal Science Journal》2003,74(1):53-58

To search for a novel angiotensin I‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptide, porcine skeletal troponin was hydrolyzed with pepsin. This hydrolysate showed ACE inhibitory activity, and was applied to various kinds of chromatography to separate an active peptide. Analysis using a protein sequencer identified this peptide as RMLGQTPTK (9mer). This sequence was estimated to occur at the 44–52 position of troponin C, and its 50% inhibitory protein concentration (IC₅₀) was 34 µM. RMLGQTP (7mer), a partial peptide of 9mer, showed activity with an IC₅₀ of 503 µM. RP‐HPLC analysis of a reaction mixture of 9mer and ACE showed that 9mer was slowly hydrolyzed by ACE. On the other hand, 7mer was rapidly hydrolyzed by ACE. Activity of 9mer was reduced as its hydrolysis by ACE proceeded. To estimate the resistance of 9mer to digestive proteases after oral administration, it was reacted with pepsin, α‐chymotrypsin, or trypsin. In each of these reaction mixtures, a significant amount of 9mer remained as a substrate after digestion. Remaining ACE inhibitory activity was close to that of 9mer. These results suggest that 9mer might not be digested after oral administration, because of its relatively high resistance to digestive proteases. Therefore, 9mer might be expected to work well in vivo as an ACE inhibitor.  相似文献   

Fibrinonecrotic rhinitis caused by a concurrent infection of Fusobacterium necrophorum and Arcanobacterium pyogenes in a cow     

Seimiya YM  Takahashi M  Tamura T  Murakami R  Haritani M  Kimura KM 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(8):985-987

An 8 year-old cow showing severe dyspnea and nasal mucosal necrosis immediately after parturition was subjected to pathological examination. The principal lesions were fibrinonecrotic rhinitis, necrotic bronchopneumonia and renal infarction. Fusobacterium necrophorum biotype A and Arcanobacterium pyogenes antigens were detected in the nasal and pulmonary lesions. These results suggest that the lesions were caused by a concurrent infection of the detected bacteria and that the pulmonary lesions were caused by the aspiration of infectious materials from the nasal ones. Mucosal coagulative necroses observed as the initial lesions in rhinitis were frequently associated with multiple thrombosis. The findings might suggest that thrombosis played an important role in the development of the nasal lesions.  相似文献   

Complete cDNA sequence and mRNA expression of dog preproendothelin-3     

Fujimori Y  Uchide T  Temma K  Sasaki T  Kizaki K  Hara Y  Saida K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(10):1251-1254

The full-length cDNA of dog preproendothelin-3 (PPET3) was cloned from lung tissue using RT-PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends. Aside from the poly (A) tail, the full-length cDNA was 1976 bp. A polyadenylation signal sequence and one copy of a consensus sequence, ATTTA, which is related to mRNA turnover, was found in the 3' noncoding region. The cDNA had a 594-bp open reading frame encoding a 198-amino acid polypeptide. Regions corresponding to a bioactive mature ET3 peptide, an intermediate form known as big-ET3, and an ET3-like peptide were observed in dog PPET3. Expression of PPET3 mRNA was detected throughout the organs examined, which included heart, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, stomach, pancreas, duodenum, colon, uterus, ovary and testis.  相似文献   

Occurrence of equine coital exanthema in pastured draft horses and isolation of equine herpesvirus 3 from progenital lesions     

Seki Y  Seimiya YM  Yaegashi G  Kumagai S  Sentsui H  Nishimori T  Ishihara R 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(12):1503-1508

During the period from 2001 to the following year, progenital diseases had been epidemic among the draft stallions and mares pastured together in Iwate Prefecture, the northeastern district of Japan. A stallion and 8 of 31 mares were affected in 2001, and 1 of 2 stallions and 10 of 36 mares in 2002. The clinical symptoms consisted of the formation of papules, pustules, ulcers and scabs on the progenital skin and mucosa in stallions and mares. In 2002, Equine herpesvirus 3 (EHV3) was isolated from 2 mares and the glycoprotein G gene of the virus detected from a stallion and 4 mares by polymerase chain reaction. Serum neutralizing tests showed that 12 of 38 horses, 10 clinically and 2 subclinically affected, changed to be positive for the EHV3 antibody. The results suggest that the horses were affected with equine coital exanthema (ECE) through coitus. Five mares with the antibody at the pre-pastured period may have been the possible origins of EHV3 infection in 2002, although the exact origin in 2001 remains unknown. The artificial insemination was performed for the prevention of ECE spreading through coitus on the pasture in 2003. There was no epidemic of the disease in 31 mares, although 3 mares with the antibody at the pre-pastured period showed the significant increase in the titers during the pastured period.  相似文献