Amphidinolide C2, New Macrolide from Marine Dinoflagellate Amphidinium Species     

Takaaki Kubota  Yusuke Sakuma  Masashi Tsuda  Jun’ichi Kobayashi 《Marine drugs》2004,2(3):83-87

A new cytotoxic 25-membered macrolide, amphidinolide C2 (1), has been isolated from marine dinoflagellate Amphidinium sp. (Y-71 strain), and the structure 1 was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data and chemical means.  相似文献   

Changes in anti-erythrocyte membrane antibody level of dogs experimentally infected with Babesia gibsoni.     

K Adachi  S Makimura 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》1992,54(6):1221-1223

To account for the conflict between the excessive destruction of erythrocytes and the number of parasitized erythrocytes in dogs infected with Babesia gibsoni, we examined the correlation between anti-erythrocyte membrane antibody level (AEMAL) and the number of erythrocytes (RBC count) in dogs with experimentally induced babesiosis using hematological examination and an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In the infected dogs without splenectomy, more prominent reduction in RBC count accompanied with the elevated AEMAL was presented than anticipated from parasitemia until the 21st day. Furthermore, autoagglutinated erythrocytes and spherocytes were demonstrated in blood films. These results suggest that a humoral immunologic mechanism may be involved in a decrease in RBC count in dogs infected with B. gibsoni.  相似文献   

The final stages of dog rabies elimination from Japan     

Yusuke Kamata  Kageaki Tojinbara  Katie Hampson  Kohei Makita 《Zoonoses and public health》2023,70(1):1-12

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Fine root dynamics in organic and mineral soil layers of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cryptomeria japonica</Emphasis> D. Don plantation     

Yusuke Tawa  Hiroshi Takeda 《Journal of Forest Research》2016,21(2):67-72

Fine root dynamics and root architecture were studied in the organic and mineral soil layers of a Cryptomeria japonica plantation. Fine root biomass (<1 mm) showed seasonal changes whereas fine root biomass (1–2 mm) was unchanged over the study period. Root tips were grouped into size classes based on root tip diameter, including <0.5, 0.5–1, and 1–2 mm. Root tip density (<1 mm) was significantly correlated with fine root biomass (<1 mm). Root tip density and fine root biomass (<1 mm) increased in summer and decreased in winter, and both showed a similar seasonal pattern. Root tip dynamics influenced fine root dynamics. Root architecture as expressed by branching intensity changed with root tip production and mortality. Branching intensity also showed a similar seasonal pattern of root tip density dynamics. Root tips of both <0.5 and 0.5–1 mm were mainly produced in the organic soil layer, while root tips of 0.5–1 mm were mainly produced in the mineral soil layer. Because of the high RT1 root tip production in the organic soil layer, branching intensity was higher in the organic soil than in the mineral soil layer during summer. Root tip dynamics influenced fine root dynamics and the architecture of root systems in both organic and mineral soil layers.  相似文献   

Simultaneous analysis of catechins, gallic acid, strictinin, and purine alkaloids in green tea by using catechol as an internal standard     

Mizukami Y  Sawai Y  Yamaguchi Y 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(13):4957-4964

We developed a high-performance liquid chromatography-based method for simultaneous analysis of nine catechins, gallic acid, strictinin, caffeine, and theobromine in green tea by using catechol as an internal standard. Although the high cost and instability of the catechin reference standards limit the application of this method, the addition of ascorbic acid to the standard stock solution preserved the stability of the reference standards in the solution for 1 year when stored at -30 degrees C. Furthermore, we found that the slopes of the calibration curves plotted were stable for a run time of 2000 h. Our method proved to be appropriate for quantification and yielded good correlation coefficients, detection levels, repeatability, reproducibility, and recovery rates. Quantitative data revealed that the contribution of only 200 mL of brewed tea to the total dietary catechins was approximately 220-420 mg, while that of 500 mL of bottled tea was approximately 170-900 mg.  相似文献   

Effect of spherosome on degradation of tetrachloroethylene in soil     

Adachi A  Sakurai H  Okano T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(22):9149-9151

The fate of spherosome on the degradation of tetrachloroethylene in soil was investigated for 38 days. The time needed to become the half value of the initial concentration is 8 days for the case with spherosome and 15 days for the case without spherosome. The time needed for complete degradation is 25 days for the case with spherosome and 38 days for the case without spherosome. The degradation of tetrachloroethylene appeared to be essentially due to the biological activity of the soil. Spherosome should enhance the rate of tetrachloroethylene destruction.  相似文献   

A novel acylase from Streptomyces mobaraensis that efficiently catalyzes hydrolysis/synthesis of capsaicins as well as N-acyl-L-amino acids and N-acyl-peptides     

Koreishi M  Zhang D  Imanaka H  Imamura K  Adachi S  Matsuno R  Nakanishi K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(1):72-78

A novel enzyme that catalyzes efficient hydrolysis of capsaicin (8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) was isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces mobaraensis. The enzyme consisted of two dissimilar subunits with molecular masses of 61 and 19 kDa. The enzyme was activated and stabilized in the presence of Co2+. It showed a pH optimum of about 8 and was stable at temperatures of up to 55 degrees C for 1 h at pH 7.8. The specific activity of the enzyme for the hydrolysis of capsaicin was 10(2)-10(4) times higher than those for the enzymes reported to date. In an aqueous/n-hexane biphasic system, capsaicin analogues such as octanoyl, decanoyl, and lauroyl vanillylamides were synthesized from the corresponding fatty acids and vanillylamine at yields of 50% or greater. In addition, the enzyme catalyzed the deacylation of N-lauroyl-L-amino acids and N-lauroyl-L-dipeptides and the efficient synthesis of Nalpha-lauroyl-L-lysine, Nepsilon-lauroyl-L-lysine, and various N-lauroyl-peptides in aqueous solution in both the absence and the presence of glycerol.  相似文献   

Analysis of acrylamide in green tea by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry     

Mizukami Y  Kohata K  Yamaguchi Y  Hayashi N  Sawai Y  Chuda Y  Ono H  Yada H  Yoshida M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(19):7370-7377

Optimization of the solid-phase extraction cleanup procedure enabled the GC-MS analysis of acrylamide in tea samples without the interference of bromination by tea catechins. Although polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) is available for removing tea catechins from tea extract, the peaks derived from PVPP had the same retention time as brominated acrylamide in mass chromatograms obtained by GC-MS. A considerable amount of acrylamide was formed at roasting temperatures of > or =120 degrees C; the highest acrylamide level was observed when tea samples were roasted at 180 degrees C for 10 min. Higher temperatures and longer processing times caused a decrease in the acrylamide content. Furthermore, an analysis of 82 tea samples showed that rather than the reducing sugar content, the asparagine content in tea leaves was a significant factor related to acrylamide formation in roasted products. The acrylamide level in roasted tea products was controlled by asparagine in the presence of reducing sugars.  相似文献   

Restricted localization of claudin-16 at the tight junction in the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop together with claudins 3, 4, and 10 in bovine nephrons     

Ohta H  Adachi H  Takiguchi M  Inaba M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2006,68(5):453-463

Claudin-16 is one of the tight junction protein claudins and has been shown to contribute to reabsorption of divalent cations in the human kidney. In cattle, total deficiency of claudin-16 causes severe renal tubular dysplasia without aberrant metabolic changes of divalent cations, suggesting that bovine claudin-16 has some roles in renal tubule formation and paracellular transport that are somewhat different from those expected from the pathology of human disease. As the first step to clarify these roles, we examined the expression and distribution of claudin-16 and several other major claudin subtypes, claudins 1-4 and 10, in bovine renal tubular segments by immunofluorescence microscopy. Claudin-16 was exclusively distributed to the tight junction in the tubular segment positive for Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein, the thick ascending limb (TAL) of Henle's loop, and was found colocalized with claudins 3, 4, and 10. This study also demonstrates that bovine kidneys possess segment-specific expression patterns for claudins 2-4 and 10 that are different from those reported for mice. Particularly, distribution of claudin-4 in the TAL and distal convoluted tubules was characteristic of bovine nephrons as were differences in the expression patterns of claudins 2 and 3. These findings demonstrate that the total lack of claudin-16 in the TAL segment is the sole cause of renal tubular dysplasia in cattle and suggest that the tight junctions in distinct tubular segments including the TAL have barrier functions in paracellular permeability that are different among animal species.  相似文献   

Effects of griseoviridin and viridogrisein against swine dysentery in experimental infection by using mice and pigs     

Asano T  Adachi Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2006,68(6):555-560

Griseoviridin, a known antibiotic produced by Streptomyces cacaoi subsp. cacaoi, was found to be active against Brachyspira hyodysenteriae--the bacterium causing swine dysentery. An in vitro synergism is observed when it is used in combination with viridogrisein--a simultaneously produced antibiotic. In mouse experiments, the effect of griseoviridin alone was less than that of lincomycin--a commercially available swine dysentery medication. However, a 1:1 mixture of griseoviridin and viridogrisein revealed a noticeable synergistic effect. In an evaluation using pigs artificially infected with B. hyodysenteriae, a large difference was not observed between the effect of griseoviridin alone and that in combination with viridogrisein. Nevertheless, griseoviridin alone exhibited a therapeutic effect superior to that of lincomycin.  相似文献