Test for personality characteristics in dogs used in research     

Helena Åkerberg  Erik Wilsson  Marie Sallander  Åke Hedhammar  Anne-Sofie Lagerstedt  Dan Larhammar  Bengt Meyerson 《Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research》2012,7(6):327-338

The great variation in morphological phenotypes displayed by dogs offers not only excellent opportunities for genetic analyses but also a challenge regarding between-breed and even within-breed variation. Also, behavioral responses may vary between individuals, and are to be taken into account in experimental situations. To our knowledge, no standardized test for scoring personality characteristics (TFPC) in dogs maintained for research under controlled conditions has yet been developed. The present article describes a protocol consisting of 9 test situations that are likely to arise in experimental contexts. The intent was to establish an easy-to-use standardized test protocol. Sixteen beagles were used, all housed in constant and controlled conditions. The results revealed considerable individual differences in response to certain stimuli. The largest within-group variation was found when being caged; the responses varied from passivity to escape attempts (score range: 2-5 in a 5-step scale). Substantial variation was also seen in locomotion and food consumption after exposure to stress (score range: 1-5 in a 5-step scale). In a new environment, the females showed more frequent changes in attention (focusing) compared with males (P < 0.01). There was an age-related reaction to sudden sounds (Spearman r_sp = ?0.52, P < 0.05). We also describe application of the TFPC to a study of food intake in response to pancreatic polypeptide performed with 6 of the male dogs. A within-group rank-order procedure was used, and interesting correlations between personality characteristics and food intake behavior were identified. We discuss how the TFPC may contribute to improvement of experimental studies in dogs.  相似文献   

The Potential of High-Oil Oats under Cool Temperate Conditions     

Åsmund Bj⊘rnstad  Knut Aastveit  Kjell Sverre Thoresen 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(4):219-225

Abstract

Genetic and growth temperature effects on the oil content of oats have been studied. A line with high oil content was crossed to a line with low oil content, and the progenies from parental and F₂ plants were studied in two replicated experiments, one in the field, the other combined field/greenhouse. Interactions between greenhouse and field were found for oil content as well as for other characters. High heritability estimates and additive gene action were found for oil content. Insignificant genetic correlations were found between oil content and grain yield. F₃ families which on average had the same oil content as the highest parent were recovered. The results from two independent phytotron experiments indicate that genes conferring high oil content and low temperatures during grain filling seem to work additively towards higher oil content.  相似文献   

River Water Metal Speciation in a Mining Region – The Influence of Wetlands,Liming, Tributaries,and Groundwater     

Sjöblom  Åsa  Håkansson  Karsten  Allard  Bert 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2004,152(1-4):173-194

Changes in metal speciation occurring along the river Vormbäckenhave been investigated, and the potential for using such changes to reduce metal transport to areas further downstream has been evaluated.Vormbäcken is situated in a mining region in northern Sweden. Catchment area features likely to influence metal speciation include wetlands situated along the river, addition of treated (liming) effluent water from a mine area, and addition of other surface waters and groundwater. Surface water samples were collected from seven stations along the river on six occasions, representing different flow regimes. The total As, Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn concentrations in the samples were partitioned into particulate (>0.4 μm and 0.2–0.4 μm, or only >0.2 μm) and dissolved (<0.2 μm, either associated with organiccarbon, or as free metal ions and inorganic complexes) fractions by means of filtration and an ion-exchange technique. The most important finding is that, with the exception of Ca, the fraction of particulate bound metals increased with increasing concentrations of particulate Fe. This Fe has its origin in surface waters and groundwater that join the river on its way through the catchment area. It is suggested that adsorption to, or co-precipitation with, such Fe-containing particles may have potential to be used as the initial step in a treatment method based on natural attenuation processes. Furthermore, the fraction of particulate bound metals decreased dramatically upon passing the lake Vormträsket, suggesting that some of these metals may be removed from the river system, at least temporally.  相似文献   

The pathogenic white-rot fungus Heterobasidion parviporum triggers non-specific defence responses in the bark of Norway spruce     

Arnerup J  Lind M  Olson Å  Stenlid J  Elfstrand M 《Tree physiology》2011,31(11):1262-1272

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Suckler cow efficiency – breed by environment interactions in commercial herds under various natural production conditions     

M. S. Wetlesen  B. A. Åby  O. Vangen  L. Aass 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2018,68(4):161-173

ABSTRACT

The significance of breed by environment interaction on suckler cow efficiency traits was investigated, using production data from the Norwegian Beef Cattle Recording System and data collected (feed regimes, etc.) from 27 commercial suckler cow herds. Two statistical approaches were used; mean breed performance in extensive/intensive environments (mixed models), or as within breed regressions of cow performance on modelled cow energy intake. Aberdeen Angus produced higher weaning weight than Hereford below 12,000?MJ NE (241?kg) and Charolais below 13,000?MJ NE (244?kg) cow energy intake in the suckler period, after which the breeds re-ranked. The corresponding re-rank between Hereford and Charolais was at 14,500?MJ NE (263?kg) cow energy intake. Overall, breed by environment interactions were observed for calving interval, number/kg calves weaned/mated cow/year and energy efficiency, which emphasise that choice of cow breed should be dependent on the natural production resources available.  相似文献   

Antinociceptive effect of buprenorphine and evaluation of the nociceptive withdrawal reflex in foals          下载免费PDF全文

Åse I Risberg  Claudia Spadavecchia  Birgit Ranheim  Eli HS Hendrickson  Andreas Lervik  Henning A Haga 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2015,42(3):329-338

ObjectiveTo elicit and evaluate the NWR (nociceptive withdrawal reflex) in 2 and 11 day old foals, to investigate if buprenorphine causes antinociception and determine if the NWR response changes with increasing age. The effect of buprenorphine on behaviour was also evaluated.Study designProspective, experimental cross-over trial.AnimalsNine Norwegian Fjord research foals.MethodsBuprenorphine, 10 μg kg⁻¹ was administered intramuscularly (IM) to the same foal at 2 days and at 11 days of age. The NWR and the effect of buprenorphine were evaluated by electromyograms recorded from the left deltoid muscle following electrical stimulation of the left lateral palmar nerve at the level of the pastern. Mentation, locomotor activity and respiratory rate were recorded before and after buprenorphine administration.ResultsWe were able to evoke the NWR and temporal summation in foals using this model. Buprenorphine decreased the root mean square amplitude following single electrical stimulation (p < 0.001) in both age groups, and increased the NWR threshold following single electrical stimulation in 2 day old foals (p = 0.0012). Repeated electrical stimulation at 2 Hz was more effective to elicit temporal summation compared to 5 Hz (p < 0.001). No effect of age upon the NWR threshold was found (p = 0.34). Sedation when left undisturbed (11 occasions), increased locomotor activity when handled (9 occasions) and tachypnea (13 occasions) were common side-effects of buprenorphine.Conclusion and clinical relevanceThese findings indicate that buprenorphine has antinociceptive effect in foals. Opioid side effects often recognized in adult horses also occur in foals.  相似文献   

The variation in chemical composition of Swedish barleys     

Per Åman  Klas Hesselman  Ann-Christine Tilly 《Journal of Cereal Science》1985,3(1):73-77

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An enzymic method for analysis of total mixed-linkage β-glucans in cereal grains     

P. Åman  K. Hesselman 《Journal of Cereal Science》1985,3(3):231-237

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Extracellular Matrix, Esterase and the Phytotoxin Prehelminthosporol in Infection of Barley Leaves by Bipolaris sorokiniana     

Hans-Börje Jansson  Helena Åkesson 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(6):599-605

Light microscopy and cryo-scanning electron microscopy showed that hyphae of Bipolaris sorokiniana adhered to the wax surfaces of barley leaves by means of an extensive extracellular matrix (ECM). Prehelminthosporol, the major non-host specific phytotoxin formed by B. sorokiniana was immunolocalized in large amounts in the ECM surrounding the hyphae. Similarly, esterase activity involved in degradation of the cuticular wax surface was found in the ECM. Therefore, it appears that the ECM is not only important for adhesion of the fungus to its host, but also functions as a sink of phytotoxins and lytic enzymes important for infection of the host plant.  相似文献   

Transcript abundance of resistance- and susceptibility-related genes in a barley breeding pedigree with partial resistance to the bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi L.)     

Sara Mehrabi  Inger Åhman  Lisbeth M. V. Jonsson 《Euphytica》2014,198(2):211-222

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