Where Pakistan Stands Among Top Rice Exporting Countries,an Analysis of Competitiveness     

Muhammad Abdullah  Jia Li  Sidra Ghazanfar  Jaleel Ahmed  Imran Khan  Mazhir Nadeem Ishaq 《东北农业大学学报(英文版)》2015,(2):80-86

Under the umbrella of WTO, the reduction in trade barriers has forced the policy makers to focus on the export competitiveness. Rice is an important source for foreign exchange earnings for the economy of Pakistan, keeping in mind of this fact, the competitiveness of Pakistan’s rice with other major exporters was examined by applying revealed competitive advantage. The domestic consumption trends of rice among the major rice exporting countries were also analyzed in the current study. The results revealed that as compare to other major exporters of rice in the world, Pakistan had high competitive and comparative advantage in the production of rice. The comparison of the movements in comparative advantage indices for Pakistan with the major world rice competitors/exporters showed that Pakistan possessed relatively high comparative and competitive advantages in rice production. The declining domestic per capita consumption of rice and increasing trends in competitiveness for Pakistan clearly revealed the expected potential of higher growth which meant that rice exports from Pakistan could continue to play an important role for the earnings of foreign exchange. In order to exploit the potential benefits of rice exports, we need to strengthen the competitiveness in rice sector of Pakistan.  相似文献   

Transmission and immunity of bovine papilloma in Iraq     

A K Khalifa  A H Abd 《Bulletin of animal health and production in Africa》1981,29(4):329-331

  相似文献   

Effects of beta-glucanase-producing Lactobacillus strains on growth, dry matter and crude protein digestibilities and apparent metabolisable energy in broiler chickens     

Sieo CC  Abdullah N  Tan WS  Ho YW 《British poultry science》2005,46(3):333-339

The effects of beta-glucanase expressed by transformed Lactobacillus strains on growth performance, apparent digestibilities of dry matter and crude protein, and apparent metabolisable energy were studied. Two hundred and forty 1-d-old chicks (Avian-43) were randomly divided into three dietary treatment groups and fed with the following diets: (i) basal diet (control) (BD); (ii) basal diet with parental Lactobacillus strains (BDP) and (iii) basal diet with transformed Lactobacillus strains (BDT). At 21 d of age, the body weight, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio of the BDT-fed chickens were significantly improved. At 14 and 21 d of age, the proportions of dry matter in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caeca and excreta of chickens given the BDT diet were significantly higher than those of chickens given the BD and BDP diets. Apparent metabolisable energy, digestibilities of crude protein and dry matter were also significantly improved (by 3.5, 5.6 and 3.5%, respectively) by the BDT diet. These results showed that the transformed Lactobacillus strains improved digestibility as well as enhanced the growth performance of chickens.  相似文献   

Inhibitory effect of several fluoroquinolones on hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 1A activities in dogs     

Regmi NL  Abd El-Aty AM  Kuroha M  Nakamura M  Shimoda M 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2005,28(6):553-557

We examined inhibitory effects of ofloxacin (OFX), orbifloxacin (OBFX), ciprofloxacin (CFX), enrofloxacin (EFX) and norfloxacin (NFX) on cytochrome P-450 1A (CYP1A) activities using hepatic microsomes from four beagle dogs. Ethoxyresorufin O-de-ethylation was referred as CYP1A activities. All the fluoroquinolones inhibited the reaction in a noncompetitive manner. The determined inhibitory constants were the followings; 10.1 +/- 3.8 mM for OFX, 6.43 +/- 2.01 mM for OBFX, 0.726 +/- 0.134 mM for CFX, 4.06 +/- 1.19 mM for EFX and 4.75 +/- 1.63 mM for NFX respectively. As these values are >100-fold of plasma concentrations after a clinical single dose of the fluoroquinolones, it is suggested that the inhibitory effect on CYP1A activities is not so high to elicit drug-drug interaction with CYP1A substrates, when these fluoroquinolones are co-administered. Mechanism based inhibition was also examined in this study. Of the five fluoroquinolones examined, OFX, OBFX and CFX had this inhibition manner. As this inhibition is irreversible, inhibitory effects of the three fluoroquinolones may accumulate, when they are repeatedly administered. Therefore, OFX, OBFX and CFX may result in substantial drug-drug interaction with a CYP1A substrate even in clinical states. As EFX is metabolized to CFX in the body, it may also have the same possibility.  相似文献   

Accidental urea poisoning in beef cattle     

A Salam Abdullah  K F Chooi  A Osman  A A Saharee 《The Veterinary record》1986,119(16):407-408

  相似文献   

Evaluating the curriculum of the veterinary school of Firat University, Turkey, in terms of professional and technical skills     

Ozen A  Kalin R  Yerlikaya H  Seker I  Cetinkaya B 《Journal of veterinary medical education》2004,31(3):281-288

A significant portion of the problems faced by veterinarians is related to communication. These problems are intensely experienced between veterinary practitioners and animal owners; yet no lectures or courses aiming to improve professional skills are available in the curriculum of veterinary schools in Turkey. In this study, all students currently enrolled at, and 1992 and 1998 graduates of, the Veterinary School of Firat University (VSFU), Turkey, were surveyed to evaluate the attitudes of veterinary students and graduates toward technical and professional skills. Data were collected from 581 students and 61 recent graduates via personal interviews with students and questionnaires mailed to graduates; information was obtained about participants' technical and professional skills. The overall response rate was 85%. The results show that learning about technical and professional skills is highly valued; competence and comfort in skill sets are associated with comfort in establishing communication with instructors. Positive correlations were also noted between feeling comfortable with and feeling competent in both skill sets. In conclusion, it appears to be essential to introduce courses addressing improvement of professional skills to the curriculum of veterinary schools in Turkey, given that a successful veterinarian profile requires feeling competent in and comfortable with both technical and professional skills.  相似文献   

Two species of Rhabdochona (Nematoda: Rhabdochonidae) from the cyprinid fish Luciobarbus kersin (Heckel) in northern Iraq, including R. (Globochona) kurdistanensis sp. n     

Moravec F  Bilal SJ  Abdullah SM 《Folia parasitologica》2012,59(2):139-147

  相似文献   

Genetic variation for resistance to septoria tritici blotch in Iranian tetraploid wheat landraces     

Azadeh Ghaneie  Rahim Mehrabi  Naser Safaie  Masoud Abrinbana  Abbas Saidi  Mostafa Aghaee 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2012,132(2):191-202

Septoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by Mycosphaerella graminicola has recently become one of the devastating diseases in Iran causing significant yield losses on most commercial bread and durum wheat cultivars. Iran is located in the Fertile Crescent, a region where wheat was historically domesticated; and, thus, landraces derived from this region are of considerable global interest for identification of new sources of resistance to various stresses. Here, we report on the resistance responses of 45 tetraploid wheat landraces collected from different provinces of Iran to eight M. graminicola isolates. In total 138 isolate-specific resistances were found among all interactions (n = 360). The highest number of specific resistances (30 out of 32 interactions) was found in wheat landraces collected from West Azarbaijan. In contrast, all landraces from Kordestan were highly susceptible to M. graminicola isolates and only one isolate-specific resistance was identified among 106 isolate-wheat interactions. Kermanshah landraces showed the highest resistance variation against different isolates. About 57 isolate-specific resistances were identified among 104 interactions. Ilam landraces were highly resistant to STB as 28 specific resistances were observed among 32 interactions. Markazi (n = 2) and Sistan-Baluchestan (n = 1) were susceptible to all isolates tested. Landraces from Lorestan were generally susceptible to isolates tested as 26 susceptible responses were observed out of 32 interactions. Our results indicate that landraces collected from the Fertile Crescent region may possess diverse effective resistance genes or valuable broad spectrum resistance genes, and that their identification is of interest and can be exploited in breeding programs.  相似文献   

Induction of defence related enzymes and phenolic compounds in lupin (Lupinus albus L.) and their effects on host resistance against Fusarium wilt     

Saieda S. Abd El-Rahman  Mohamed M. Mazen  Heba I. Mohamed  Neven M. Mahmoud 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2012,134(1):105-116

Two different biotic inducers [Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida] and three different abiotic inducers [copper sulphate, indole butyric acid and potassium chloride] were tested for their efficacy in inducing resistance in lupin plants against Fusarium wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lupini. Application of the biotic and abiotic inducers as seed treatments significantly reduced wilt disease incidence under greenhouse and field conditions. Potassium chloride and Pseudomonas fluorescens were superior. A time course of defence-related enzymes showed substantial increases in enzyme activities in induced infected seedlings compared with untreated healthy plants or infected controls. However, the magnitude of the increase varied among treatments. The maximum increases in chitinase and ??- glucanase activities were recorded at 12 and 8?days after inoculation with the pathogen, respectively. Also, the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase increased dramatically 8?days after inoculation. Greater accumulation of phenolic compounds and specific flavonoids upon infection with the pathogen was found in induced and/ or infected seedlings compared with healthy plants. In addition to inducing disease resistance, the treatments were accompanied by significant increases in crop parameters and seed yield compared with untreated controls.  相似文献   

First report of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Neospora caninum</Emphasis> infection in cattle in Sudan     

Ibrahim AM  Elfahal AM  El Hussein AR 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(4):769-772

A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Sudan to determine sero-prevalence and risk factors associated with Neospora caninum infection in non-vaccinated dairy herds and to assess importance of the disease. Blood samples were collected from a total of 262 animals from 25 herds. Sera were tested for antibodies against N. caninum using ELISA test. The prevalence rates of N. caninum antibodies in cattle were high both at herd level (44%) and at individual animal level (10.7%). Herd level infection rates were similar in Khartoum State (43.7%) and at Gazira States (44.4%). The overall prevalence rates were higher (16.1%) in Gazira State than in Khartoum State (9%) but with no significant variation. The sero-prevalence at individual animal level was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in animals with history of abortion (12.8%) than in apparently healthy animal (11.3%), animal with history of infertility (8.1%), or neonatal death of calves (4.3%). In addition, significantly higher (P < 0.05) sero-prevalence was observed in samples collected during the rainy season (6.87%) than winter (3.05%) or summer (0.76%). However, no significant differences in sero-prevalence due to locality, animal breed, sex, and age were observed (p > 0.05). This preliminary study reveals for the first time the existence of natural N. caninum infection in Sudan. Also, the findings of the present study indicated that this disease is highly prevalent in two major areas of dairy production in the country, and this calls for control strategy to be implemented.  相似文献