Basal stem rot of oil palm incited by Ganoderma species: A review     

Supramani  Sugenendran  Rejab  Nur Ardiyana  Ilham  Zul  Wan-Mohtar  Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad  Ghosh  Soumya 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2022,162(1):1-17

European Journal of Plant Pathology - Populus davidiana × Populus bolleana (PdPap) root rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum is a major disease in China. Controlling this disease...  相似文献   

Phenolic Composition,Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Eryngium bornmuelleri leaf   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Abdullah Dalar  Musa Türker  Dimitrios Zabaras  Izabela Konczak 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2014,69(1):30-36

Eryngium bornmuelleri Nab. (Tusî) is an endemic botanical from the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey traditionally used for preparation of herbal tea. Within this study, phenolic composition, antioxidant capacities and inhibitory activities towards selected digestive enzymes of E. bornmuelleri leaf were investigated. Sequential extracts, obtained by extraction of plant tissue by ethanol, acetone and water exhibited pronounced antioxidant capacities and in a dose-dependent manner suppressed the metabolic syndrome related enzymes: α-amylase, α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase. All extracts contained high levels of phenolic compounds. Flavonoid glycosides were the main phytochemicals detected, with rutin as the major compound (70 % of total phenolics). Chlorogenic, hydroxybenzoic and caftaric acids as well as traces of caffeic, ferulic and rosmarinic acids were also detected. Correlation analysis indicated that phenolic compounds were the major sources of the enzyme-inhibitory activities. This study suggests that E. bornmuelleri leaf extracts can modulate the metabolism of sugars and fats through inhibition of the relevant digestive enzymes.  相似文献   

Failure characterisation in polymer matrix composite for un-notched and notched (open-hole) specimens under tension condition     

A. M. T. Arifin  S. Abdullah  Md. Rafiquzzaman  R. Zulkifli  D. A. Wahab 《Fibers and Polymers》2014,15(8):1729-1738

This paper presents an investigation of the influences causing failure in the materials comprising polymer matrix composites. Structures with differences in stacking sequences and design configuration are analysed. The objective of this study is to investigate and evaluate the reasons for the failure of composite lamination structures in terms of stress, strength, strain, and Young modulus within a morphology observation of composite materials. The materials selected for the study were a chopped strand mat (CSM) and a woven roving (WR) fabric. These materials are used as reinforcement and are produced by the hand lay-up technique using epoxy and polyester matrix resin. The experiment was performed using specimens made of notched (open-hole; OH) tension and un-notched (UN) shapes. The characteristics of different shapes, materials, and lamination structures are studied in this research. The results showed the failure phenomenon in the structure of the polymer matrix composite is dependent on the characteristics of the material used and the design configuration of both structures.  相似文献   

Removal of Bisphenol A from Aqueous Solution by Activated Carbon Derived from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch     

Riry Wirasnita  Tony Hadibarata  Abdull Rahim Mohd Yusoff  Zulkifli Yusop 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2014,225(10):1-12

Land use specific deposition velocities of atmospheric trace gases and aerosols—particularly of reactive nitrogen compounds—are a fundamental input variable for a variety of deposition models. Although the concept is known to have shortcomings—especially with regard to bi-directional exchange—the often limited availability of concentration data and meteorological input variables make it a valuable simplification for regional modeling of deposition fluxes. In order to meet the demand for an up-to-date overview of recent publications on measurements and modeling studies, we compiled a database of ammonia (NH₃) deposition velocities published from 2004 to 2013. Observations from a total of 42 individual studies were averaged using an objective weighing scheme and classified into seven land use categories. Weighted average and median deposition velocities are 2.2 and 2.1 cm s^?1 for coniferous forests, 1.5 and 1.2 cm s^?1 for mixed forests, 1.1 and 0.9 cm s^?1 for deciduous forests, 0.9 and 0.7 cm s^?1 for semi-natural sites, 0.7 and 0.8 cm s^?1 for urban sites, 0.7 and 0.6 cm s^?1 for water surfaces, and 1.0 and 0.4 cm s^?1 for agricultural sites, respectively. Thus, values presented in this compilation were considerably lower than those found in former studies (e.g., VDI 2006). Reasons for the mismatch were likely due to different land use classification, different averaging methods, choices of measurement locations, and improvements in measurement and in modeling techniques. Both data and code used for processing are made available as supplementary material to this article.  相似文献   

Effect of starch gelatinisation on nutrient digestibility and plasma metabolites in pigeons     

E. Abd El‐Khalek  I. Kalmar  S. Van Weyenberg  G. Werquin  G. P. J. Janssens 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2009,93(3):359-365

Feed manufacturing exerts physical and chemical changes in ingredients, including the gelatinisation of starch. Studies on the effect of the degree of starch gelatinisation on nutrient digestibility, metabolism and subsequent performance show inconsistent results, and no data are available in pigeons. In a cross‐over trial, fourteen adult pigeons were randomly divided into two groups, in which two extruded pellet diets were tested. Both the diets were similar in ingredient composition and nutrient content, but differed in extrusion conditions, resulting in a different degree of starch gelatinisation: pellets with high gelatinisation degree (HG; 73.6% gelatinisation) and low gelatinisation degree (LG; 53.1% gelatinisation). After a 14‐day adaptation period, all excreta were gathered per bird during a 5‐day collection period. Coefficients of apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude fibre (CF), crude ash (CA) and nitrogen free extract (NFE) as well as apparent nitrogen retention were calculated from proximate analyses of feed and excreta. Further, excreta consistency was subjectively scored. Blood samples were taken at the end of each period and plasma samples were analysed for glucose, fructosamine and triglycerides. Feed intake and body weight changes were recorded weekly. The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of DM, OM, CP, EE, CA and NFE were significantly higher in the LG group (p ≤ 0.05). The ADC of crude fibre was numerically higher in the LG group but not significant, and no significant differences were found in starch digestibility. Excreta consistency score tended to be higher in the LG diet group. Neither plasma glucose nor plasma fructosamine values were significantly different between the two test diets. The results of this study show that lower degree of starch gelatinisation in extruded diets can enhance digestibility in pigeons.  相似文献   

Sources of resistance to downy mildew in narbon (Vicia narbonensis) and common (Vicia sativa) vetches     

S. Ahmed  C. Akem  A.M. Abd El Moneim 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2000,47(2):153-156

Downy mildew (Peronospora viciae (Berk) de Bary) is an important disease of vetches (Vicia spp.) in the Mediterranean Region. Narbon and common vetch germplasm accessions originating from different countries, and advanced breeding narbon vetch genotypes, were evaluated for reaction to downy mildew for two seasons under field conditions. In narbon vetch, there were resistant sources from both germplasm accessions and advanced genotypes. From the germplasm accessions, 25 accessions were resistant while from the advanced breeding genotypes, 10 had resistance, with 2–3 ratings. In common vetch, many accessions were highly resistant to downy mildew. These were widely distributed in different countries, mainly Turkey, Italy, Syria and Iran. In general, common vetch had higher sources of resistance than the narbon vetch accessions. These new sources of resistance to downy mildew will be incorporated into the forage legume improvement project in a continuous effort to identify cultivars suitable for replacing fallow in the cereal-based cropping systems.  相似文献   

Streptococcosis,Lactococcosis and Enterococcosis are potential threats facing cultured Nile tilapia (Oreochomis niloticus) production     

Nermeen M. Abu‐Elala  Reham M. Abd‐Elsalam  Nehal A. Younis 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(10):4183-4195

Streptococcosis, lactococcosis and enterococcosis are among the most important bacterial diseases affecting tilapia farms in Kafr Elsheikh governorate, Egypt. A number of clinically diseased fish were collected and submitted to our laboratory during disease outbreak in 2018. They were characterized by nervous swimming behaviour, skin darkness, exophthalmia, ocular opacity and haemorrhages. Necropsy findings were splenomegaly, congestive hepatomegaly, liquefied brain and enteritis. The phenotypic and molecular characterizations of the bacterial strains isolated from naturally infected fish identified three genera of Gram‐positive cocci: Streptococcus agalactiae, Enterococcus faecalis and Lactococcus garvieae. Infectivity trials were conducted in four groups of Nile tilapia inoculated with S. agalactiae Egy‐1, E. faecalis Egy‐1 and L. garvieae Egy‐1 strains and saline. Mortalities, clinical signs and pathological findings were recorded daily 14 days post infection. Experimentally infected tilapia showed similar clinical signs, postmortem lesions, but varied in the severity and experienced high mortalities up to 70% in case of S. agalactiae and L. garvieae infections and 30% in case of E. faecalis infection. Pathological examination of infected tissue sections stained with modified Brown–Brenn and immunohistochemistry revealed an important direct correlation between the distribution of each bacterial isolate and the lesions developed in different organs. Furthermore, the isolates were subjected to profiling against 11 antibiotics, and they showed resistance against several types of antibiotics, which implicate potential risk to human health and emphasize the urgent need for alternate bio‐control strategies to prevent the diseases and the problem of multidrug resistance in aquatic environment.  相似文献   

Inheritance of seed weight and growth habit in 10 intercross chickpea (Cicer arietinum) nested association mapping populations     

Abdulkarim Lakmes  Abdullah Jhar  R. Varma Penmetsa  Wenbin Wei  Adrian C. Brennan  Abdullah Kahriman 《Plant Breeding》2023,142(1):86-96

Objective of investigation

Chickpea is a major global food legume for which seed weight and plant growth habit are important yield and harvestability components for plant breeding. This study tested seed weight and plant growth habit inheritance and identified quantitative trait loci (QTL).

Experimental material

A 10 nested association mapping (NAM) populations of chickpea were created from crosses between ‘Gokce’, a cultivar and wild crop relative accessions of Cicer reticulatum and Cicer echinospermum. Families were then developed to the F2:4 generation.

Method of investigation

A 10 families were grown at the Field Experiment Station, Harran University near Şanlıurfa, Turkey during 2019.

Data collection

A 100-seed weight and prostrate or erect growth habit was scored in the field. Two families were genotyped for 60 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP).

Result and conclusions

A 100-seed weight showed polygenic control, and three QTLs were found. Growth habit was controlled by one or two QTLs. The two traits were significantly correlated for five populations. The crop wild relatives of chickpea contain variations at novel loci affecting seed weight compared to the literature.  相似文献   

SPERMATIC GRANULOMA IN THE RAM: DIAGNOSIS BY ULTRASONOGRAPHY AND SEMEN CHARACTERISTICS     

Fikret  Karaca  Melih  Aksoy  Abdullah  Kaya  Mehmet B.  Ataman  Tevfik  Tekeli 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1999,40(4):402-406

Ultrasonographic appearance of the testis and epididymis, and seminal characteristics, with regard to localization of spermatic granuloma were studied. In rams with spermatic granuloma (n = 9), diagnosed by clinical or ultrasonographic examinations before histopathological confirmation, localization of each lesion was recorded. Epididymal granulomas, caput and cauda, were seen as anechoic or hyperechoic areas with a distinct margin with or without a hyperechoic capsule. Granulomas in the testis were microscopic and, therefore, could not be detected by ultrasonography. Enlargement in the mediastinum testis was detected in all rams when there were granulomas in the caput. Heterogeneous testis parenchyma invaded by numerous hyperechoic foci, representing testicular degeneration, was associated with granulomas both in the epididymis and testis. Ultrasonographic appearance of the lesions did not differ with regard to season. Seminal characteristics varied between rams. It was concluded that ultrasonographic evaluation may give valuable information in the diagnosis of sperm granuloma in the ram.  相似文献   

A new approach to water management of tropical peatlands: a case study from Malaysia     

H.P. Ritzema  Abd. Mutalib Mat Hassan  R.P. Moens 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》1998,12(2):123-139

The use of peatlands in the humid tropics requires drainage to remove excess rainfall. The design principles for the drainage systems currently being implemented on peatlands are the same as for mineral soils. The objective of such systems is the timely removal of excess rainfall by surface runoff. For peatlands, with their different soil-hydraulic characteristics, these systems have resulted in poor watertable control and high rates of irreversible subsidence. Concerns about this rate of subsidence and the level of sustainability of the present land use have prompted a study to develop a new water management system. This new system includes a shift from a drainage system that focuses on discharge of excess water towards a system that combines drainage and water conservation. In the new two-step design, the drain spacing and corresponding drain discharges are obtained with a steady-state approach. These outputs are used to calculate the capacity of the drains, including control structures, using an unsteady-state approach. The new system results in a shallower but more narrowly spaced drainage system and maintains a more constant but relatively high watertable and reduces subsidence. It should be remembered however, that even with the improved water management, subsidence cannot be arrested; it is the price one has to pay for the use of tropical peatlands.  相似文献