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51.
Multi-factor crop management field experiments were conducted in Vezaiciai, in southwestern Lithuania, from 2004 to 2006 to assess the influence of tillage and organic fertilizer management on stem base disease development. The treatments included 4-year crop rotations of continuous grass, winter triticale, winter oilseed rape and spring barley in combination with three tillage systems (shallow (8–10 cm) non-ploughing tillage, shallow (10–12 cm) tillage and deep (20–25 cm) ploughing). Eyespot prevailed both in winter triticale and spring barley crops. Winter triticale was more susceptible than spring barley. Shallow tillage decreased eyespot incidence and severity relative to deep tillage. Crop residue management exerted a weak but statistically significant effect on the disease development on triticale; in general, slightly higher numbers of affected stems were recorded in triticale plots where the straw from the previous crop had been removed prior to planting. However, complete straw removal from plots significantly decreased eyespot severity in comparison with crop residue or manure management treatments in spring barley. The highest number of affected triticale and barley plants was found in shallow (10–12 cm) tillage plots. The effects of residue management on minimising eyespot severity can be expected only after a delay of a few years. 相似文献
52.
Afsana Praveen Chandana Pandey Ehasanullah Khan Meetu Gupta 《Russian Agricultural Sciences》2017,43(2):134-137
Selenium (Se) is considered as an essential micronutrient for humans and animals. Sprouts of Garden cress (Lepidium sativum) were treated with different concentration of Se, growth parameters, antioxidant enzymes and stress markers were studied. 10 μM Se would be more beneficial, as at this concentration it showed altered biochemical traits without showing any toxicity symptoms. 相似文献
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54.
Berlin D Nasereddin A Azmi K Ereqat S Abdeen Z Eyal O Baneth G 《Research in veterinary science》2012,93(3):1225-1230
Trypanosoma evansi is the cause of surra in horses, camels and other domestic animals. Following the first outbreak of surra in horses and camels in Israel in 2006, a survey of the prevalence of the parasite in the Israeli horse population was conducted using serology, PCR followed by the reverse dot blot (RDB) technique and blood smear microscopy. In total, 614 horses from 7 regions were sampled. The CATT/T. evansi kit was used for serology for all the horses. Horses from the Arava and Dead Sea region, where the first outbreak occurred, were sampled again one year later and both samples were subjected to serology and the RDB technique. The country wide seroprevalence was 4.6% (28/614). The seroprevalence in the Arava and Dead Sea region was 6.5% (9/139) in the first sampling compared with 4.1% (5/122) in the second, whereas the prevalence of RDB-positivity was 18.7% (26/139) in the first sampling and only 0.8% (1/122) in the second. All horses were asymptomatic except for one horse from the Arava and Dead Sea region that demonstrated clinical signs of surra combined with positive serology and RDB. The results of this study indicated that surra is prevalent in most regions of the country and thus should be considered an important differential diagnosis in horses and other domestic animals in Israel with chronic weight loss, edema or neurological signs. 相似文献
55.
Dalia Feiziene Virginijus Feiza Grazina Kadziene Asta Vaideliene Virmantas Povilaitis Irena Deveikyte 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(4):311-328
Abstract Importance of agricultural practices for greenhouse gases mitigation is examined worldwide. However, there is no consensus on CO2 emissions as affected by soil management practices. Deeper understanding of soil CO2 fluxes and drivers under different management practices are needed. The investigation of net CO2 exchange rate as dependent variable and drivers (soil water and temperature, air temperature) as affected by soil type (loam and sandy loam), tillage (conservation and no-tillage) and fertilization are presented. Soil management practices and weather conditions affected the CO2 flux through effects on soil water and temperature regime. Mean net CO2 exchange rate on sandy loam was 8% higher than on loam. No-tillage, as a moisture-conserving tool, could be an appropriate tool for CO2 emissions mitigation in any weather conditions on sandy loam; however, the advantage of no-tillage on loam was negligible. Mineral NPK fertilizers promoted significantly higher net CO2 exchange rate in both soils, but suppressed it by 15% on sandy loam during a normal year. Effect of soil water content on net CO2 exchange rate was direct in all tillage and fertilization treatments in both loam and sandy loam, whereas this effect was positive only in dry and normal weather conditions. In wet weather conditions, the direct effect of soil water content on net CO2 exchange rate was negative. Soil and air temperature acted indirectly on net CO2 exchange rate. The increase in temperature markedly suppressed the positive direct impact of soil water content on net CO2 exchange rate in dry weather conditions, but did not reduce the direct effect of soil water content in normal weather conditions. In a wet year the negative indirect effect of increased temperature enhanced the negative direct impact of soil water surplus on net CO2 exchange rate. 相似文献
56.
Muhammad A. I. Dalia A. M. Loh T. C. Akit H. Samsudin Anjas A. 《Veterinary research communications》2022,46(2):431-445
Veterinary Research Communications - This study compares the effects of sodium selenite, selenium yeast, and enriched bacterial organic selenium protein on antioxidant enzyme activity, serum... 相似文献
57.
Aquaculture is a globally important industry that provides essential food to a growing world population, with a major role in the supply of cheap animal protein. Very rapid developments have been occurred in aquaculture sector of Egypt in recent years and exhibited the strongest growth of any fisheries-related activity in the country. As a result, aquaculture is considered as the only viable option for reducing the current gap between production and consumption of fish in Egypt. The rapid expansion in support activities such as local feed mills and hatcheries made the sector more sophisticated and diverse. Globally, Egypt ranks 9th in fish farming production and 1st among African countries. The aquaculture is practiced in different production systems including semi-intensive, intensive culture in ponds, tanks, intensive production in cages and traditional extensive production systems, but has yet to be adequately documented. Despite the fact that the aquaculture sector in Egypt has witnessed a spectacular development, it has also created challenges with respect to environmental issues and sustainability. This review provides an overview of the status and the perspectives of Egyptian aquaculture sector. 相似文献
58.
Daiva Janusauskaite Dalia Feiziene Virginijus Feiza 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2019,69(2):95-104
Grains of triticale are one of the feedstocks suitable for bioethanol production because they are characterised by high starch and low protein contents. In the present study, spring and winter triticale were comparatively studied to evaluate the influence of N fertilisation intensity on the productivity and bioethanol yield, as well as to assess the relationship between the meteorological factors and ethanol yield. Six treatments of N – 0, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180?kg?ha?1 were compared in spring triticale and in winter triticale crops. The analysis of variance showed that nitrogen level (factor A), year (factor B) and their interaction (A × B) significantly (P?≤?.01) influenced grain yield, starch yield and bioethanol yield of both spring and winter triticale. Fertilisation was the main factor explaining 47.6% and 41.0% of the total variability of bioethanol yield of spring and winter triticale, respectively. Nitrogen fertiliser rates 120–180?kg?ha?1 resulted in maximum bioethanol yield of spring triticale (2417–2480?l?ha?1) and winter triticale (4311–4420?l?ha?1). Bioethanol conversion efficiency of nitrogen-fertilised spring and winter triticale was similar 492?l?t?1 and 508?l??1, respectively. Meteorological factors had a greater impact on grain productivity and bioethanol yield for winter triticale than for spring triticale. Both seasonal types of triticale could be good feedstocks for bioethanol production in the areas with congenial weather conditions for their cultivation. 相似文献
59.
Algirdas Augustaitis Ingrida Augustaitienė Almantas Kliučius Gintaras Pivoras Dalia Šopauskienė Raselė Girgždienė 《European Journal of Forest Research》2010,129(3):431-441
The multiple-stressor effects of air pollution, nutrient and water availability are the key issues of present forest ecosystem
research. However, too little is known about the seasonal effect of pollutants on tree crown defoliation and their interaction
with changes in climate. Therefore, data on seasonal variation in air pollution, including surface ozone, deposition of acidifying
compounds and meteorological conditions, were tested against pine defoliation to identify the periods when the effect of the
considered contaminants is most pronounced. The findings of the study revealed that a higher level of air concentrations of
acidifying pollutants and their deposition was observed during the dormant period, with the exception of only ΣNH4+ air concentrations and their monthly deposition. An increase in precipitation over the vegetation period and mean monthly
temperature from September to December, as well as a decrease in temperature and precipitation over the remaining months of
the dormant period represented the climate change condition over the 14-year period in the observed region. Detected changes
in the considered parameters during the dormant period were found to be most significant to changes in pine crown defoliation.
Therefore, we concluded that climate changes, if they occur by the detected scenarios, should mitigate the negative effect
of air pollutants and acid deposition on pine crown condition. 相似文献
60.
Dvora Swartzberg Beny Kirshner Dalia Rav-David Yigal Elad David Granot 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2008,120(3):289-297
Botrytis cinerea is a non-specific, necrotrophic pathogen that attacks many plant species, including Arabidopsis and tomato. Since senescing leaves are particularly susceptible to infection by B. cinerea, we hypothesized that the fungus might induce senescence as part of its mode of action and that delaying leaf senescence
might reduce the severity of B. cinerea infections. To examine these hypotheses, we followed the expression of Arabidopsis SAG12, a senescence-specific gene, upon infection with B. cinerea. Expression of SAG12 is induced by B. cinerea infection, indicating that B. cinerea induces senescence. The promoter of SAG12, as well as that of a second Arabidopsis senescence-associated gene, SAG13, whose expression is not specific to senescence, were previously analyzed in tomato plants and were found to be expressed
in a similar manner in the two species. These promoters were previously used in tomato plants to drive the expression of isopentenyl
transferase (IPT) from Agrobacterium to suppress leaf senescence (Swartzberg et al. in Plant Biology 8:579–586, 2006). In this study, we examined the expression
of these promoters following infection of tomato plants with B. cinerea. Both promoters exhibit high expression levels upon B. cinerea infection of non-senescing leaves of tomato plants, supporting our conclusion that B. cinerea induces senescence as part of its mode of action. In contrast to B. cinerea, Trichoderma harzianum T39, a saprophytic fungus that is used as a biocontrol agent against B. cinerea, induces expression of SAG13 only. Expression of IPT, under the control of the SAG12 and SAG13 promoters in response to infection with B. cinerea resulted in suppression of B. cinerea-induced disease symptoms, substantiating our prediction that delaying leaf senescence might reduce susceptibility to B. cinerea.
Contribution from the Agriculture Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel, No. 127/2006 series. 相似文献