Radial and between-family variations of the microfibril angle and the relationships with bending properties in Picea jezoensis families     

Jun Tanabe  Akira Tamura  Jyunichi Ohshima  Kazuya Iizuka  Shinso Yokota 《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2017,32(1):39-44

With emphasis on tree breeding for wood quality in Picea jezoensis, we aimed to evaluate radial and between-family variations in the microfibril angle (MFA) of the S₂ layer in the latewood tracheids in 10 open-pollinated families of 43-year-old P. jezoensis trees. In addition, the relationships between MFA/wood density with the modulus of elasticity (MOE) or modulus of rupture (MOR) were investigated. Significant differences in MFA between families were found from the pith toward the bark. MFA showed higher values around the pith area, although some families showed relatively lower values than others around this area. In addition, due to a larger coefficient of variations of MFA near the pith, the potential for juvenile wood MFA improvement may be greater compared with mature wood. MOE was correlated with MFA in juvenile wood and with wood density in mature wood, whereas MOR was mainly correlated with wood density at radial positions in both woods. Therefore, to improve the MOE and MOR of P. jezoensis wood, both MFA and wood density would be factors to consider in both juvenile and mature woods. On the other hand, there are indications that, only wood density would be an important criterion for improving mature wood properties.  相似文献   

Stable carbon isotopes of tree rings as a tool to pinpoint the geographic origin of timber     

Akira Kagawa  Steven W. Leavitt 《Journal of Wood Science》2010,56(3):175-183

Illegal logging is a major cause of worldwide deforestation, and demands for scientific methods to identify the geographic origin of timber are increasing. “Dendroprovenancing” is one such method, in which the origin of unknown wood is estimated by calculating correlations of the ring-width series of the unknown wood with reference trees of known geographic origins. We applied the dendroprovenancing method to carbon isotope network data of pinyon pines (Pinus edulis and Pinus monophylla) from the southwestern United States to test the efficacy of using a carbon isotope time series for provenancing wood. First, we calculated correlations (t values) between test trees temporarily assumed to be of unknown origin and reference trees from 13 surrounding sites. Then, we plotted the t values on a map. When provenancing was successful, the tested trees showed the strongest correlation with reference trees from sites close to the actual origins of the test trees, and the correlations decreased with the distance between the original sites of test and reference trees. This conical distribution of t values enabled provenancing of wood with precision of 114–304 km. Although isotope measurement is more expensive and laborious than ring-width measurement, our tests of provenancing pinyon pines in the southwestern United States showed a higher success rate with carbon isotopes.  相似文献   

Collaborative non-self recognition system in S-RNase-based self-incompatibility   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Kubo K  Entani T  Takara A  Wang N  Fields AM  Hua Z  Toyoda M  Kawashima S  Ando T  Isogai A  Kao TH  Takayama S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2010,330(6005):796-799

Self-incompatibility in flowering plants prevents inbreeding and promotes outcrossing to generate genetic diversity. In Solanaceae, a multiallelic gene, S-locus F-box (SLF), was previously shown to encode the pollen determinant in self-incompatibility. It was postulated that an SLF allelic product specifically detoxifies its non-self S-ribonucleases (S-RNases), allelic products of the pistil determinant, inside pollen tubes via the ubiquitin-26S-proteasome system, thereby allowing compatible pollinations. However, it remained puzzling how SLF, with much lower allelic sequence diversity than S-RNase, might have the capacity to recognize a large repertoire of non-self S-RNases. We used in vivo functional assays and protein interaction assays to show that in Petunia, at least three types of divergent SLF proteins function as the pollen determinant, each recognizing a subset of non-self S-RNases. Our findings reveal a collaborative non-self recognition system in plants.  相似文献   

Efficacy of a new inactivated Chlamydophila felis vaccine in experimentally-infected cats     

Katsuo Masubuchi  Akira Wakatsuki  Kayo Iwamoto  Takuo Takahashi  Teruaki Kokubu  Mitsugu Shimizu 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2010,12(8):609-613

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Development of a new selective medium for isolation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus     

Saito E  Kakita Y  Shimoda H  Shimabukuro S  Saeki K  Shimizu A  Kawano J 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(9):1195-1197

A new selective medium containing cephem antibiotics was developed for isolation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). MRSA colonies on a medium containing ceftazidime (CAZ) were most easily identifiable and a medium containing cefoperazone (CPZ) was superior in suppressing the growth of other bacteria. With the medium containing a couple of CAZ and CPZ, MRSA and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCNS) were detected from 2 and 1 of 15 chicken meat samples respectively. The MRSA and MRCNS recovery test showed that the medium was effective for MRSA isolation, suppressing the growth of other bacteria efficiently. These results suggested that the medium containing a couple of CAZ and CPZ was useful for MRSA detection from foods and animals.  相似文献   

Expression of two novel cytochrome P450 3A131 and 3A132 in liver and small intestine of domestic cats     

Honda K  Komatsu T  Koyama F  Kubota A  Kawakami K  Asakura H  Uno Y  Kitazawa T  Hiraga T  Teraoka H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(11):1489-1492

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Congenital cutaneous fibropapillomatosis with no evidence of papillomavirus infection in a piglet     

Nishiyama S  Akiba Y  Kobayashi Y  Shiga A  Kamiie J  Shirota K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(2):283-285

Multiple yellowish-white, cauliflower-like mass lesions on the skin of the head and back in a 4-month-old piglet were pathologically examined. These lesions had developed before the weaning period. Histologically, the cutaneous neoplasms were characterized by papillary outgrowth of connective tissue covered by thick epidermis. Hyperplasia of the epidermis was corresponded with proliferation of capillaries, lympho-plasmacytic infiltration, and proliferation of fibroblasts in the dermal stroma. There were no inclusion bodies and significant degeneration in the keratinocytes. Papillomavirus antigen and DNA were not detected in these lesions by immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Accordingly, the fibropapillomatosis of the present case might be hamartomatous rather than infectious.  相似文献   

DNA methylation status of bovine blastocyst embryos obtained from various procedures     

Sawai K  Takahashi M  Fujii T  Moriyasu S  Hirayama H  Minamihashi A  Hashizume T  Onoe S 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2011,57(2):236-241

DNA methylation is an important factor for the regulation of gene expression in early embryos. It is well known that the satellite I sequence is more heavily methylated in bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer (NT-SC) embryos than in embryos derived from in vitro fertilization (IVF). However, the methylation status of bovine embryos obtained by other procedures is not well known. To clarify DNA methylation levels of bovine embryos obtained from various procedures, we examined satellite I sequences in bovine blastocyst (BC) embryos derived from NT-SC, NT using embryonic blastomeres (NT-EM), in vivo (Vivo), IVF and parthenogenetic treatment (PA). Furthermore, in order to evaluate the efficacy of DNA demethylation by the NT procedure, we determined the DNA methylation levels in bovine embryos in which NT was recapitulated (Re-NT). Although the DNA methylation levels in the NT-SC embryos were higher than those in the other embryos, the NT-EM embryos exhibited lower DNA methylation levels. The satellite I sequence in the NT-SC embryos was more demethylated than that in the donor cells. Although the DNA methylation level in the individual NT-SC embryos showed variation, the full-term developmental efficacy of these embryos were not different. These findings suggest that the methylation level of the satellite I sequence at the BC stage is not related to the abnormalities of bovine embryos produced by NT-SC. There was no difference in methylation levels between Re-NT and NT-SC embryos. Our results indicated that the DNA methylation status differed among embryos produced by various methods and that at least some of the demethylation of the donor cell genome occurred in the recipient cytoplast after NT-SC, but the demethylation ability of the NT procedure was noted in the first NT but not in the second NT.  相似文献   

Recombinant canine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor accelerates recovery from cyclophosphamide-induced neutropenia in dogs     

Yamamoto A  Fujino M  Tsuchiya T  Iwata A 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2011,142(3-4):271-275

In dogs injected intravenously with 400mg/m(2) cyclophosphamide (CPA), the peripheral neutrophil count decreased to less than 1000 cells/μL in 5-9 days. Treatment with purified recombinant canine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rcG-CSF), produced by brevibacillus expression system, at the nadir of the granulocyte count accelerated recovery from the CPA-induced neutropenia by 1-3 days. Therapeutic administration of rcG-CSF at doses of 2.5-10 μg/kg did not show any significant difference on the severity of neutropenia (the period that granulocyte counts were less than 2000 cells/μL). Administration of 2.5 μg/kg rcG-CSF 3 times per day 2-4 days or 3-5 days after CPA treatment not only accelerated recovery but also decreased the severity of neutropenia. No clinical signs of the rcG-CSF were observed. These results showed that the rcG-CSF is effective for treatment of neutropenia in dogs.  相似文献   

Identification of the strong vasorelaxing substance scirpusin B, a dimer of piceatannol, from passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) seeds     

Sano S  Sugiyama K  Ito T  Katano Y  Ishihata A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(11):6209-6213

Piceatannol is present in passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) seeds in high amounts. In this study, we isolated the second major polyphenolic compound of passion fruit seeds and identified it as scirpusin B, which is a dimer of piceatannol. We investigated the antioxidant activities and vasorelaxing effects of these polyphenols. Their antioxidant effects were measured using an in vitro 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, and their vasorelaxant effects were determined ex vivo in rat thoracic aorta. Both polyphenolic compounds exhibited potent antioxidant activities and significant vasorelaxant effects in endothelium-intact aortas. More specifically, scirpusin B exerted a greater antioxidant activity and vasorelaxant effect compared with that of piceatannol. Additionally, the vasorelaxation effects of the compounds were induced via the NO derived from the endothelium. This study provides the possibility that polyphenols in passion fruit seeds are effective against cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).  相似文献