Effects on dietary phosphorus of treating cottonseed meal with crystalline ferrous sulphate for the prevention of brown yolk discolouration     

S. Panigrahi  V. E. Plumb 《British poultry science》1996,37(2):403-411

1. Two experiments were carried out to examine whether the adverse effects on laying hen performance of treating cottonseed meal (GSM) with crystalline ferrous sulphate heptahydrate (FSH) to prevent brown yolk discolouration, was a consequence of iron reducing the availability of dietary phosphorus. Two batches of CSM, with different free gossypol and cyclopropenoid fatty acid contents, were treated with FSH at a 4:1 weight ratio of iron to free gossypol, and incorporated into diets at 300 g/kg with or without supplementation with sodium dihydrogen phosphate (SHP), and fed to hens.

2. FSH treatment of CSM reduced food intake and egg production. Although performance was improved by supplementing the FSH‐treated CSM diets with SHP, it was still poorer than that achieved by hens fed a non‐CSM control diet.

3. Brown yolk discolouration was prevented by treatment of CSM with FSH. Additional phosphorus did not produce any significant effects on brown colour development in yolks, indicating that the bioavailable gossypol content of the diets had not been altered; however, chemical analyses showed an apparent increase in the free gossypol content of the diets with the inclusion of SHP, suggesting that the assay gives misleading results.  相似文献   

Brain AChE activity studies in some fish species collected from a mercury contaminated estuary     

B. P. Shaw  A. K. Panigrahi 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1990,53(3-4):327-334

In an attempt to investigate the impact of the discharge of Hg contaminated effluent from a chlor-alkali industry into the Rushikulya river estuary, brain AChE activity was measured in three fish species, S. sihama, A. nenga and S. argus, sampled from the contaminated water of the estuary. The residual Hg levels in the brain tissue of the fishes were also determined. The maximum brain residual Hg level, 0.702 ± 0.205 mg kg^?1 ww, was recorded in S. sihama. The inhibition of the AChE activity observed in that species was as much as 26.48% when compared to the normal enzyme activity. The levels of inhibition. observed in the other two fish species, A. nenga and S. argus, were also more than the 10% index level suggested. A significant negative correlation observed between the brain residual Hg levels and the AChE activity levels suggested the use of fish brain AChE measurement as a regular monitoring protocol in assessment of the pollution of aquatic systems by Hg.  相似文献   

An RNA ligase essential for RNA editing and survival of the bloodstream form of Trypanosoma brucei     

Schnaufer A  Panigrahi AK  Panicucci B  Igo RP  Wirtz E  Salavati R  Stuart K 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2001,291(5511):2159-2162

RNA editing in trypanosomes occurs by a series of enzymatic steps that are catalyzed by a macromolecular complex. The TbMP52 protein is shown to be a component of this complex, to have RNA ligase activity, and to be one of two adenylatable proteins in the complex. Regulated repression of TbMP52 blocks editing, which shows that it is a functional component of the editing complex. This repression is lethal in bloodforms of the parasite, indicating that editing is essential in the mammalian stage of the life cycle. The editing complex, which is present in all kinetoplastid parasites, may thus be a chemotherapeutic target.  相似文献   

PLANT NUTRITION IN RESPONSE TO DRIP VERSUS BASIN IRRIGATION IN YOUNG ‘NAGPUR’ MANDARIN ON INCEPTISOL     

P. Panigrahi  A. K. Srivastava  A. D. Huchche  Shyam Singh 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(2):215-224

Evaluation of drip irrigation treatments scheduled at 40, 60, 80, and 100% of alternate day cumulative pan evaporation (Ecp) against basin irrigation method was undertaken in 1-year-old ‘Nagpur’ mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) trees budded on rough lemon [Citrus jambhiri (L)] rootstock on an alkaline Inceptisol soil type for three seasons during 2003–2005. Growth responses showed significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher annual increase in tree height (0.44–0.50 m), scion girth (37–45 mm), and canopy volume (0.508–0.986 m³) under drip-irrigation except irrigation at 40% Ecp, compared to tree height (0.40 m), scion girth (36 mm), and canopy volume (0.463 m³) under basin irrigation. The highest magnitude of increase in different growth parameters was observed with drip irrigation at 80% Ecp, which produced the net water saving of 32% over basin irrigation method. Response on leaf nutrient composition under drip irrigation at 80% Ecp likewise produced the similar response, [2.27% nitrogen (N), 1.98% potassium (K), and 121.8 ppm iron (Fe)], significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher than under basin irrigation (1.12% N, 1.04% K, and 98.3 ppm Fe), with other nutrients, e.g., phosphorus (P), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) remained unaffected.  相似文献   

Microbial intervention for better fish health in aquaculture: the Indian scenario   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A. Panigrahi  I. S. Azad 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2007,33(4):429-440

Aquaculture has evolved as the fastest growing food-producing sector and developed as an important component in food security. To keep a sustainable growth pattern, health management strategies must go beyond antibiotics and chemotherapeutics, which create resistant bacteria and immunosuppression in the host. Besides development of drug resistant bacteria and pathogens, the adverse effect of antibiotics is caused by their influence on the aquatic microflora, and the retention of harmful residues in aquatic animals. On the other hand, the microbes with their unique structure and cell wall components can trigger immunity, and thus exposure plays an important role in the evolution. Microbial intervention through an environmentally friendly approach is an alternative method of health management. India is endowed with a bounty of varied climatic conditions, microbial diversity and fish fauna and aquaculture systems offering challenges in biological and environmental pursuits. Producing about 4.4% of world’s fish and ranking third in global fish production, India trades about 2.4% in global fish market with the annual export earning being over $1311 million. Use of microbes for beneficial purposes is increasingly recognized as a valuable input for sustainable and responsible aquaculture. Microbial intervention in aquaculture can be broadly water/environment based through bioaugmentation, biostimulation, biocontrol measures, or (to generate) host response through probiotics, immunostimulants, and vaccines. Also, application of molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nucleic acid techniques are making increasing inroads into aquatic microbiological research in India. This paper elucidates all these aspects of microbial intervention in aquaculture, high-lighting Indian research and accomplishments.  相似文献   

Epidemiological Investigation of Brackish Water Culture Systems in West Bengal,India     

R. Ananda Raja  A. Panigrahi  Sujeet Kumar 《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(1):49-59

An epidemiological investigation was done in brackish water culture systems in three coastal districts of West Bengal. A total of 198 farms were randomly surveyed with a structured questionnaire. The data showed that there was a significant difference in outbreak of white spot disease (WSD) (p < 0.01), shell-associated problems (p < 0.01), and gill-associated problems (p < 0.05) among the culture systems. Among all systems, stunted and uneven growth and white fecal disease (only in shrimp monoculture) were the dominant emerging disorders. WSD remained the most prevalent disease. Some farms tested (polymerase chain reaction [PCR]) positive for WSD, but the animals were apparently healthy. Chlorination, use of PCR screening, application of immunostimulants, and strict bio-security measures play major roles in containing disease outbreaks.  相似文献   

Effect of stocking density on soil,water quality and nitrogen budget in Penaeus monodon (Fabricius, 1798) culture under zero water exchange system     

Ramamoorthy Saraswathy  Moturi Muralidhar  Muniyandi Kailasam  Pitchaiyappan Ravichandran  Baijnatha Prasad Gupta  Kishore Kumar Krishnani  Alphis Geethanand Ponniah  Jitendra Kumar Sundaray  Akshaya Panigrahi  Arunachalam Nagavel 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(10):1578-1588

Soil and water interactions and their influence on growth and production in different densities (SD8 & SD16) under zero water exchange were studied in two successive crops of Penaeus monodon in Tamil Nadu, India during 2007 and 2008. Scraping and tilling during pond preparation increased the mineralization rate than scraping only. During crop, there was no significant difference in soil organic carbon and total nitrogen between the SDs. However, as the crop progressed, organic carbon and total nitrogen content of the soil showed significant difference under both the SDs. Between the SDs, nitrate and phosphate content in water significantly differed, whereas the progress of the crop significantly increased both available and total nutrients. Mass balance of nitrogen indicated that applied feed contributed to 97.4–98.5% of input nitrogen, of which nitrogen in sediment accounted for 16.5–27.3%, nitrogen recovery in shrimp was 34.2–43.6% and the nitrogen lost through denitrification and volatilization varied from 4.7% to 34.7%. Zero water exchange system is highly efficient as nitrogen recovery is higher in shrimp and lower in discharge water. Lack of significant difference in metabolites between the SDs indicates the role of aeration and probiotics in sustaining SD16 cultures.  相似文献   

Development and validation of class I SSR markers targeting (GATA) n repeat motifs in rice     

Passoupathy Rajendrakumar  Akshaya Kumar Biswal  Kannabiran Sakthivel  Maganti Sheshu Madhav  Chirravuri Neeraja  Sena M. Balachandran  Kommoju Srinivasarao  Podishetty Natarajkumar  Yadla Hari  Kalidindi Sujatha  Raman M. Sundaram 《Euphytica》2009,169(2):263-271

SSR markers targeting (GATA) _n motifs are known to be highly polymorphic and useful in many organisms. (GATA) _n motif specific SSR markers covering the whole rice genome are not available. The present study was carried out with an objective to identify class I rice microsatellites in the rice genome with (GATA)_n motifs, in-silico, and validate their potential as molecular markers. A total of 243 such motifs were identified; 65 of these were present in the genic region, 59 were in the upstream region and the remaining motifs were found in the intergenic regions. Many of the (GATA) _n motifs were found within and/or upstream of genes associated with biotic or abiotic stress tolerance. A total of 230 PCR-based markers targeting all the class I (GATA) _n microsatellites were developed and 35 of these markers spread across the rice genome were validated in a set of 24 representative rice varieties belonging to five distinct cultivar groups. All the markers were polymorphic, with average polymorphism information content (PIC) value of 0.61, and the rice cultivars could be uniquely distinguished into different cultivar groups based on marker analysis. These informative markers targeting (GATA) _n motifs representing a new set of markers in rice will be highly useful for genetic studies and marker-assisted selection. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Passoupathy Rajendrakumar, Akshaya Kumar Biswal and Kannabiran Sakthivel contributed equally.  相似文献   

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) affects the antioxidant and immune defense of the rainbow trout, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oncorhynchus mykiss</Emphasis>     

J. Thawonsuwan  V. Kiron  S. Satoh  A. Panigrahi  V. Verlhac 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2010,36(3):687-697

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a very potent antioxidant derived from green tea, was compared with vitamin E in terms of its effects on antioxidant defense and immune response of rainbow trout, by means of a feeding trial of eight weeks. Two of the experimental diets were supplemented with EGCG at either 20 or 100 mg kg⁻¹ diet (which contained only 30% of the intended levels) and the third was provided with 100 mg kg⁻¹ vitamin E but not EGCG. The control diet was not supplemented with the test components. Observation of tissue levels indicated that the high amount of EGCG helped to increase the availability of the lipid-soluble antioxidant vitamin E. The lower levels of lipid hydroperoxide in the liver of fish fed the higher amount of EGCG suggested that it was an effective antioxidant. Considering the immune indices, EGCG and vitamin E at 100 mg (actual amounts 31.9 and 94.1 mg kg⁻¹ diet, respectively) had identical capabilities in improving phagocytic activity and controlling hydrogen peroxide production by leucocytes. However, EGCG could possibly be more effective at enhancing serum lysozyme activity and the alternative complement activity. This work revealed the potential of EGCG as an antioxidant and an immunostimulant for rainbow trout, at least at the inclusion level of 32 mg kg⁻¹ diet.  相似文献   

Dynamic mechanical properties of oil palm fibre (OPF)-linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) biocomposites and study of fibre–matrix interactions     

S. Shinoj  R. Visvanathan  S. Panigrahi  N. Varadharaju 《Biosystems Engineering》2011,109(2):99-107

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