Evaluation of two anaesthetic agents and the passive integrated transponder tagging system in Octopus vulgaris (Cuvier 1797)     

J Estefanell  J Socorro  J M Afonso  J Roo  H Fernández‐Palacios  M S Izquierdo 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(3):399-406

Octopus vulgaris is a species of demand in the market with the potential to diversify European aquaculture. However, this species develops complex social interactions under culture conditions, which may have negative effects on its growth, survival and profitability. In order to understand its behaviour under such conditions, individual tagging systems allow a careful evaluation of biological parameters, such as growth and longevity. The present work describes a combined protocol (anaesthetic and tagging) for implanting subcutaneous passive integrated transponder tags (PIT). The effect of two anaesthetic agents in facilitating octopus handling is assessed: clove oil at 20–40–100 mg L^?1 and ethanol (96%) at 1–1.5–2%. The most suitable body location of PIT tags, its effect on growth and mortality, the addition of a stitch and the PIT retention rate after 2 months in floating cages were evaluated. It was concluded that immersion in seawater with 1.5% of ethanol at 22.3±0.5 °C is a suitable anaesthetic for this species. The results showed that the best‐selected PIT body location was the upper left arm III. No effect of the PIT tagging system was found on growth and survival when tagged and untagged octopuses were compared. It was observed after 2 months that the stitch did not induce an increase in the retention rate and 81–100% tag retention regardless of the dietary treatment.  相似文献   

Effect of emerged shipment on the physiological condition of the adductor muscle in adult giant lion's paw scallop Nodipecten subnodosus (Sowerby 1835)     

Victor Manuel Ocaño‐Higuera  Alfonso Nivardo Maeda‐Martínez  María Elena Lugo‐Sánchez  Gillermina García‐Sánchez  Enrique Márquez‐Ríos  Silvia Gómez‐Jimenez  Ramón Pacheco‐Aguilar 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(8):1087-1095

Currently, there is an increasing interest in shipping live adult scallops to markets and broodstock to hatcheries; nevertheless, information about the shipping effect on live scallops physiology is very scarce. In a previous study, a method in emersion was developed to ship scallop seed out of water, but it was not known whether this method is useful to transport adult organisms. As a consequence, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of transportation by the emersion method on the physiological status of the adductor muscle of adult giant lion's paw scallop. Live specimens were packaged in a container and transported in emersion for 11 h. Six scallops were frozen in a farm and a similar number were frozen as soon as they arrived to the laboratory. Physiological indices were determined in each lot and the survival was estimated 24 h after re‐immersion. As a result of the transportation, a significant loss (P<0.05) of total carbohydrates, glycogen, adenosine 5′‐triphosphate and adenilated energetic charge, and a significant increase (P<0.05) in the free amino acids concentration were observed. Eighty‐eight per cent survival was achieved; therefore, we conclude that this method is appropriate for shipping live adult scallops of Nodipecten subnodosus.  相似文献   

Dietary protein requirement of juvenile marbled spinefoot rabbitfish Siganus rivulatus     

Ashraf Y El‐Dakar  Shymaa M Shalaby  I Patrick Saoud 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(7):1050-1055

Rabbitfish are an Indo‐Pacific herbivorous marine fish that have good market demand and are suitable for aquaculture. The present work was performed to determine dietary protein inclusion necessary for optimal growth of juvenile rabbitfish Siganus rivulatus. Six diets with increasing levels of protein (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 g crude protein 100 g^?1 feed) and similar levels of gross energy (20 MJ kg^?1) were prepared and offered to S. rivulatus juveniles maintained in triplicate cages placed in two large water tanks for 49 days. Growth progressively improved with dietary protein for fish offered diets from 10% to 40% protein inclusion. Diets with greater protein levels did not improve fish growth beyond that observed in the 40% group. Daily feed intake, apparent protein utilization and feed conversion ratio decreased as dietary protein increased. Protein efficiency (PE) was greatest (1.47) in fish offered the 10% protein diet and least in fish offered the 60% protein diet (0.80). No differences in PE were observed among all other treatments (20–50%). Results of the present work suggest that minimum dietary requirement for suitable growth of S. rivulatus juveniles is 40% protein when digestible energy of the diet is 16–18 MJ kg^?1.  相似文献   

Use of macroalgae supplemented with probiotics in the Haliotis rufescens (Swainson, 1822) culture in Northern Chile     

Fernando R Silva‐Aciares  Paolo O Carvajal  Cristian A Mejías  Carlos E Riquelme 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(7):953-961

In this study, we evaluate the use of macroalgae as vectors of probiotics bacteria into the digestive tract of abalone to improve their survival and growth. It is shown that when abalone Haliotis rufescens of different sizes were fed with a natural diet composed of fronds of the macroalga Macrocystis integrifolia supplemented with a mixture of Vibrio sp. C21‐UMA, Agarivorans albus F1‐UMA and Vibrio sp. F15‐UMA bacteria, there was a significant increase (P<0.05) in the average monthly growth rate and survival (%)in a period of 210 days, compared with the control without a probiotic supplement. The permanence of the probiotics in the digestive tract of the animals was monitored, and it was found that the number of culturable C21‐UMA and F1‐UMA bacteria decreased significantly (P<0.05) in recently weaned and adult abalone, and they almost disappeared completely on day 19 of the bioassay. However, the culturable Vibrio sp. F15‐UMA disappeared completely from the digestive tract on day 22 of the bioassay, and these were the bacteria that remained at the highest concentration compared with the other two bacterial strains over the experimental period. It is therefore shown that it is feasible to use a probiotic mixture to improve the profitability of the H. rufescens culture.  相似文献   

A physiological and biochemical approach to selecting the ideal diet for Ostrea edulis (L.) broodstock conditioning (part A)     

Ricardo González‐Araya  Isabelle Quéau  Claudie Quéré  Jeanne Moal  René Robert 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(5):710-726

To select the best microalgae for Ostrea edulis conditioning, four single species diets were fed to batches of broodstock, which were then compared using physiological and biochemical approaches. Ingestion and absorption were first studied, showing that Chaetoceros gracilis and Skeletonema marinoï were efficiently ingested (4.9–5.3 mg g^?1 h^?1) and absorbed (1.9–2.5 mg g^?1 h^?1) while Tetraselmis suecica led to the lowest physiological responses (0.36 and 0.12 mg g^?1 h^?1 respectively). When O. edulis were fed any microalgae except T‐ISO with only 79 mg g^?1, gonads accumulated carbohydrates from 116 to 141 mg g^?1 and the extent of accumulation depended on the species supplied in the order T. suecica<C. gracilis<S. marinoï. When oysters were fed either of the diatoms (C. gracilis or S. marinoï), an efficient transfer of 20:5(n‐3) to all tissues, including the gonads, was recorded while no enrichment in 22:6(n‐3) occurred in all tissues (polar fraction) when oysters were fed T‐ISO. In contrast (22:5(n‐6)), a characteristic fatty acid of T‐ISO accumulated in all tissues, confirming its allocation despite particularly low ingestion (1.66 mg g^?1 h^?1) and absorption (0.32 mg g^?1 h^?1). When oysters were fed C. gracilis or S. marinoï an efficient transfer of cholesterol and campesterol from diatoms to the gonads was observed, while no sterol accumulation occurred in the gonad when fed T. suecica. Because of low ingestion, absorption and poor biochemical compounds' transfer, T. suecica is not recommended for O. edulis conditioning. T‐ISO also exhibited low physiological performances but due to a specific 22:6(n‐3) enrichment in the gonad neutral fraction (16.1%), its potential role in reproduction should be considered. Chaetoceros gracilis is highly recommended for O. edulis broodstock while a source of DHA other than that provided by T‐ISO should be found due to its poor absorption. Because a mixed diet has been shown to be more efficient for O. edulis broodstock conditioning, complementary trials dealing with the effects of other species rich in 22:6(n‐3) such as Rhodomonas salina or Pavlova lutheri should be performed.  相似文献   

Karyotype analysis of interspecific hybrids between Haliotis rufescens and Haliotis discus HANNAI     

Gabriel Amar‐Basulto  Fabiola Lafarga‐De la Cruz  Patricia Iturra‐Constant  Cristian Gallardo‐Escárate 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(10):1460-1466

Evidence of hybridization in Haliotis has been mainly supported by hatchery experiences and collection of wild hybrid abalones among several species from natural populations worldwide. However, despite the importance to understand the role of the hybridization process through Haliotidae evolution, and also its impact on the abalone aquaculture, genetic studies in hybrid abalones have been poorly developed. Herein, cytogenetic approach allows studying the genetic conformation in hybrid organisms at the chromosome level. This paper reports a quantitative karyotype analysis in Haliotis rufescens, Haliotis discus hannai and their interspecific hybrid. Thus, to characterize chromosome pairs and establish cytogenetic comparisons, chromosome banding with distamycin‐A/4,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole fluorochromes and morphologic measurements were performed. The results showed that the hybrids are successfully viable and their karyotypes evidenced a conservative chromosome number of 2n=36. The karyo‐idiogram showed a high correspondence in chromosome pair morphology among the hybrids and their parental species, except for a single heteromorphic pair that corresponds to the chromosome 16 from H. rufescens andH. d. hannai respectively. The implications of the abalone hybrid viability derived from its chromosome composition are discussed.  相似文献   

Development of digestive biochemistry in the initial stages of three cultured Atherinopsids     

Elva Mayra Toledo‐Cuevas  Francisco J Moyano López  Dariel Tovar Ramírez  Carlos A Strüssmann  Carlos Alfonso Álvarez‐González  Carlos Cristian Martínez‐Chávez  Carlos A Martínez‐Palacios 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(6):776-786

The early development of the digestive biochemistry of three cultured Atherinopsids (two Odontesthes species and Chirostoma estor) was investigated. Relatively high lipolytic and high alkaline proteolytic activities were found in all species. In addition, gene expression of lipase and trypsin during the early development of C. estor not only indicates an early onset of the lipase activity but also demonstrates a major importance of protein digestion in this species. However, despite all of them share similar habitats, differences in their digestive activities were evident. The rise in the activities of brush border membrane enzymes correlated with the decrease in cytosolic activities, used as indicator of maturation of the digestive tract, was detected in both species of Odontesthes at 9 weeks after hatching. In contrast, no similar signs were measured in C. estor, this being in agreement to the long weaning period (nearly 5 months) reported for this species.  相似文献   

A molecular and multivariate approach to the microbial community of a commercial shallow raceway marine recirculation system operating with a Moving Bed Biofilter     

Ana Matos  Maria‐Teresa Borges  Carla Peixe  Isabel Henriques  Carlos M Pereira  Paula M L Castro 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(9):1308-1322

  相似文献   

Effects of dietary supplementation with probiotic live yeast Debaryomyces hansenii on the immune and antioxidant systems of leopard grouper Mycteroperca rosacea infected with Aeromonas hydrophila     

Martha Reyes‐Becerril  Dariel Tovar‐Ramírez  Felipe Ascencio‐Valle  Roberto Civera‐Cerecedo  Vicente Gracia‐López  Valérie Barbosa‐Solomieu  María Ángeles Esteban 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(11):1676-1686

Two trials were conducted to determine the efficacy of fish fed live yeast Debaryomyces hansenii strain CBS 8339 on immune and antioxidant systems in leopard grouper Mycteroperca rosacea infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. Juveniles (12±0.5 g) were fed with a control diet or a D. hansenii‐supplemented diet (10⁶ colony‐forming units per gram) for 5 weeks. The live weight of fish was registered on a weekly basis. After 4 weeks, fish from each treatment were immunocompromised with pathogenic A. hydrophila and further fed for 1 week in order to evaluate the effect on immunological and antioxidant parameters. Generally, the results showed enhanced growth performance in fish fed the diet containing yeast compared with the control. Addition of live yeast had no significant effect on the immunological parameters after 4 weeks of feeding. However, post infection with A. hydrophila fish fed the yeast‐supplemented diet resulted in a significant increase in the levels of plasmatic immunoglobulin M. Superoxide dismutase and catalase (CAT) activities were significantly higher in the yeast group. In this fish, CAT and heat shock protein 70 genes were up‐regulated before and after infection of A. hydrophila. The present study is the first one reporting that yeast (D. hansenii) can enhance immunity and resistance against A. hydrophila.  相似文献   

Partial replacement of fish meal by a mixture of soybean meal and rapeseed meal in practical diets for juvenile Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis: effects on growth performance and in vivo digestibility     

Zhi Luo  Xiao‐Dong Li  Wei‐Min Wang  Xiao‐Ying Tan  Xu Liu 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(11):1615-1622

An 8‐week experiment was conducted to examine the effect of partial replacement of fish meal (FM) by a mixture of soybean meal (SBM) and rapeseed meal (RM) in practical diets of juvenile Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis of initial body weight of 1.54±0.12 g (means±SD, n=90). Five isonitrogenous diets were formulated to contain 35% protein and 5% lipid. Soybean meal and RM mix (1:1 ratio) were included at five levels of 0 (control), 15%, 30%, 45% and 60%, replacing 0, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% FM respectively. When FM was replaced by 15% of SBM and RM, crab showed the highest growth, feed utilization and moulting frequency (MF). Fish meal replaced by SBM and RM did not significantly influence crude protein, lipid and moisture contents of whole body crab, but ash content was the lowest for crab fed the diet with FM replaced by 15% of SBM and RM. Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter, crude protein and energy tended to decline with increasing inclusion levels of dietary SBM and RM. In general, ADCs of lipid were high (over 90%) and showed no significant differences among the treatments (P>0.05). Based on these observations above, these results indicated that about 40% of FM can be replaced with a mixture of SBM and RM (1:1 ratio) in the diet of E. sinensis without adverse growth performance, compared with the FM‐based diet. However, 20% of FM replaced by SBM and RM produced the best growth performance and feed utilization.  相似文献