Studies of Wet Deposition and Dustfall at Pune, India     

A.G. Pillai  Medha S. Naik  G.A. Momin  P.S.P. Rao  P.D. Safai  K. Ali  Henning Rodhe  Lennart Granat 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,130(1-4):475-480

Rain water and dustfall deposition samples were collected at Pune, an urban site (1992–98) and at Sinhagad, a rural site (1992–94). The samples were collected with wet-only and bulk collectors at Pune and with bulk collector at Sinhagad. The samples were analyzed for major ions, pH and conductivity. The study showed that the rain water at both places is alkaline (pH > 5.6). The average pH at Pune was 6.1. Neutralising components, indicated by Ca and non sea salt (nss) Mg have higher concentrations than the acidifying components SO₄ and NO₃. The wet deposition fluxes of all the ionic components were higher than the dustfall fluxes. Relative contribution from dustfall was largest for K, Ca, Mg and NO₃. Dustfall was greater at Pune, compared to Sinhagad for all components and up to double for Ca.  相似文献   

Genetic polymorphism of plastid DNA in Tunisian date-palm germplasm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) detected with PCR-RFLP   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Sakka Hela  Zehdi Salwa  Ould Mohamed Salem Ali  Rhouma Abdelmajid  Marrakchi Mohamed  Trifi Mokhtar 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2004,51(5):479-487

Fifteen plastid fragments were amplified from a set of Tunisian date-palm accessions by PCR with consensus primers and analysed by RFLP. Polymorphic DNA bands were obtained as reliable molecular markers to estimate genetic distances among the accessions and to examine their phylogenetic relationships. The ctDNA PCR-RFLP method permitted the identification of two haplotypes that differ in the presence or absence of the HinfI restriction site. Phenetic groups composed of cultivars clustered together but does not constitute monophyletic groups. This typology agrees with the haplotypes' organization and provides a common genetic background within the implied varieties.  相似文献   

Suppression of Meloidogyne javanica by Pseudomonas aeruginosa IE-6S in tomato: the influence of NaCl, oxygen and iron levels     

Imran Ali Siddiqui  Syed Shahid ShaukatGhazala Habib Khan  Nasima Imam Ali 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(12):1625-1634

Understanding the environmental factors that influence the suppression of disease-suppressive strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens is an essential step toward improving the level and reliability of their biocontrol activity. A 0.8 M NaCl concentration was optimal for in vitro survival and growth of IE-6S⁺ while, nematicidal activity by IE-6S⁺ was maximal when the bacterium was exposed to 0.4 M NaCl. The bacterium was highly sensitive to high (1.6 M) NaCl concentration. Culture filtrate of the bacterium resulting from the medium supplemented with 0.2 or 0.4 M NaCl showed the presence of secondary metabolite, hydrogen cyanide (HCN). Soil amendment with IE-6S⁺ alone or in conjunction with up to 0.8 M NaCl enhanced bacterial efficacy towards Meloidogyne javanica, the root-knot nematode. Soil amendment with NaCl up to 0.8 M also resulted in enhanced bacterial rhizosphere colonization and growth of tomato seedlings. Protein content of the shoot was reduced when soil was amended with 1.6 M NaCl. Inner root establishment of the bacterium was greatly affected in the soils treated with 1.6 M NaCl. Under in vitro conditions, IE-6S⁺ showed enhanced growth when kept at ambient oxygen conditions while the growth of bacterium affected when incubated at low oxygen conditions. Culture filtrate of the bacterium resulting from low oxygen level caused greater mortality of M. javanica juveniles in vitro compared with the filtrates obtained from ambient oxygen conditions. Culture filtrate from low oxygen conditions also showed the presence of hydrogen cyanide while those from ambient oxygen condition did not. Under glasshouse conditions, regardless of bacterial application, nematode penetration rate was greater when the pots were watered from the top; nematode penetration was lowered in bacterized pots compared with non-bacterized controls. IE-6S⁺ applied in the pots either watered from the top or bottom had no significant impact on growth of tomato but protein contents of the leaves increased after treatment with the bacterium. Rhizosphere and inner root colonization of the bacterium increased when the pots were watered from the top. Under in vitro conditions, with an increased iron concentration in the form of FeEDDHA, growth of IE-6S⁺ and its nematicidal activity increased. Culture filtrate of IE-6S⁺ obtained from liquid King's B medium supplemented with 0.5 or 1.0 mM FeEDDHA showed the presence of HCN. Under glasshouse conditions, soil treated with FeEDDHA alone did not reduce nematode penetration rates but did reduce greatly when applied in conjunction with IE-6S⁺. FeEDDHA applied at 0.5 mg/kg of soil in combination with IE-6S⁺ significantly enhanced plant growth and leaf protein contents. FeEDDHA at 1 mg/kg of soil increased bacterial populations both in the rhizosphere and inner root tissues of tomato.  相似文献   

Determination of N-methylcarbamate pesticides in liver by liquid chromatography   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M S Ali 《Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists》1989,72(4):586-592

A liquid chromatographic (LC) method using a 2-step purification technique for the simultaneous determination of 10 carbamates in bovine, swine, and duck livers has been developed. Carbamates are extracted from liver samples with methylene chloride. After evaporation, the residues from the extract are dissolved in methylene chloride-cyclohexane (1 + 1) and cleaned up by gel permeation chromatography. The eluate containing carbamate residues is evaporated to dryness, reconstituted in methylene chloride, further purified by passing it through an aminopropyl Bond Elut extraction cartridge, and analyzed by liquid chromatography using post-column derivatization with orthophthalaldehyde and fluorescence detection. Excitation and emission are set at 340 and 418 nm, respectively. Liver samples for beef, pork, and duck were fortified with 5, 10, and 20 ppb of mixed carbamate standards. The average of 10 recoveries of 10 carbamates at all 3 levels of fortification was greater than 80% with coefficients of variation less than 17%.  相似文献   

Monitoring of the fermentation media of citric acid by the trimethylsilyl derivatives of the organic acids formed     

Ghassempour A  Nojavan S  Talebpour Z  Amiri AA  Najafi NM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(21):6384-6388

In this approach, a derivatization method is described for monitoring of organic acids in fermentation media without any separation step. The aqueous phase of fermentation media was evaporated and heated in a silylation reagent to form trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives. The silylated compounds are analyzed by 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance (29Si NMR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 29Si NMR can qualitatively monitor the components produced in the Krebs cycle. Quantification of these compounds is investigated by using selected ion monitoring mode of mass spectrometry. In this mode, mass to charge (m/z) values of their [M - 15]+ ions, which are 465, 275, 247, 221, 335, 251, and 313 of TMS derivatives of citric, alpha-ketoglutaric, succinic, fumaric, l-malic, oxaloacetic, and palmitic (as an internal standard), acids, respectively, are used. The limit of detection and the linear working range for derivatized citric acid were found to be 0.1 mg L(-1) and 10-3 x 10(4) mg L(-1). The relative standard deviation of the method for five replicates was 2.1%. The average recovery efficiency for citric acid added to culture media was approximately 97.2%. Quantitative results of GC-MS are compared with those obtained by an ultraviolet-visible method.  相似文献   

Effects of Nitrate:Ammonium Ratios on Vegetative Growth and Mineral Element Composition in Leaves of Apple     

Mesbah Babalar  Salim Mohammad Sokri  Hosein Lesani  Mohammad Ali Asgari 《Journal of plant nutrition》2015,38(14):2247-2258

Evaluations of vegetative growth and leaf concentrations of nitrogen (N), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and iron (Fe) were made of apple (Malus domestica Borkh. cvs. Granny Smith, Gala, and Golab) grown with five treatments of NO₃^?:NH₄⁺ ratios in pot culture. The concentrations of NO₃^?:NH₄⁺ ratios were 2.5:0.1, 6:0.3, 6:0.5, 6:0.7, and 6: 1 meq L^?1. Regression analysis showed that growth parameters of main stems and branches were not affected by increases of NH₄⁺ in the ratios. Granny Smith, Gala, and Golab differed in some of these parameters. Concentrations of N and Fe increased as NH₄⁺ increased, whereas K and Ca decreased and Mg was not affected significantly. Generally, the treatment of 2.5:0.1 produced leaves with lower N but higher K, Ca, and Mg concentrations than the other treatments. This research showed that vegetative growth was not affected by NH₄⁺ concentration whereas elemental composition was affected.  相似文献   

On the potential of documenting decadal-scale avifaunal change from before-and-after comparisons of museum and observational data across North America     

Fernando Machado-Stredel  Benedictus Freeman  Daniel Jiménez-Garcia  Marlon E.Cobos  Claudia Nu?ez-Penichet  Laura Jiménez  Ed Komp  Utku Perktas  Ali Khalighifar  Kate Ingenloff  Walter Tapondjou  Thilina de Silva  Sumudu Fernando  Luis Osorio-Olvera  A.Townsend Peterson 《中国鸟类》2022,(1):1-10

Studies of biodiversity dynamics have been cast on either long(systematics)or short(ecology)time scales,leaving a gap in coverage for moderate time scales of de...  相似文献   

Circulating antibody response to Eimeria tenella oral and subcutaneous infections in chickens     

Nazik Abu Ali  M. Movsesijan  A. Sokolić  Zabel Tanielian 《Veterinary parasitology》1976,1(4):309-316

Immune responses in chickens to Eimeria tenella using oral and subcutaneous routes of infection were investigated. The results obtained indicated that sporulated oocysts inoculated subcutaneously in doses up to 50 000 oocysts per bird were not fatal to 21-day-old chicks. Subcutaneous inoculation of oocysts was found to be less immunogenic than oral administration. The dynamics of the antibody responses were different for the two routes of infection. Orally administered oocysts stimulated a dramatic primary increase in the serum antibody titre with a tendency towards a decrease in the titre 14 days post infection irrespective of second infections at that time. However, a third oral dose of oocysts stimulated a slight increase in antibody titre. Two doses of oocysts injected subcutaneously induced only a slight increase in serum antibody titre. Such a low titre was dramatically increased following a subsequent oral dose of oocysts. Antibodies specific to E. tenella are IgM and IgG immunoglobulins. IgA immunoglobulin was not investigated.  相似文献   

The effects of fascioliasis on the activities of some drug-metabolizing enzymes in desert sheep liver.   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

H A Elsheikh  B H Ali  A M Homeida  A A Lutfi  H J Hapke 《The British veterinary journal》1992,148(3):249-257

Desert sheep experimentally or naturally infected with Fasciola gigantica were used to study the influence of infection on the activities of some drug-metabolizing enzymes found in the liver. The enzymes investigated were aminopyrine N-demethylase, aniline 4-hydroxylase and UDP-glucuronyltransferase. The experimental infection was confirmed histologically by detection of Fasciola eggs in faeces and by measuring the activities of sorbitol dehydrogenase (SD), glutamate dehydrogenase (GD) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in plasma during the course of the disease. Liver specimens from naturally infected sheep were obtained from the slaughter house. The activities of aminopyrine N-demethylase and aniline 4-hydroxylase were significantly decreased in sheep either naturally infected or during the acute stage of experimental fascioliasis (killed 5 weeks post-infection). The activity of UDP-glucuronyltransferase was decreased in naturally infected sheep and those killed 9 or 13 weeks post-experimental infection.  相似文献   

Towards sustainable control of Lepidopterous pests in olive cultivation     

Annette Herz  Sherif A. Hassan  Esmat Hegazi  Feeby N. Nasr  Ali A. Youssef  W. E. Khafagi  Essam Agamy  Mohieddine Ksantini  Taieb Jardak  Basilis E. Mazomenos  Maria A. Konstantopoulou  Laura Torres  Fátima Gonçalves  Albino Bento  José A. Pereira 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2005,57(5):117-128

Zusammenfassung Traditionelle, extensiv bearbeitete Olivenhaine, aber auch moderne Intensiv-Plantagen mit künstlicher Bewässerung und hohem Einsatz von Düngern bzw. chemischen Pflanzenschutzmitteln kennzeichnen die derzeitigen verschiedenen Anbauformen der Olive im Mittelmeerraum. Schadlepidopteren wie die Olivenmotte (Prays oleae, Lep.: Yponomeutidae) und die Jasminmotte (Palpita unionalis, Lep.: Pyralidae) werden durch regelmässigen Insektizideinsatz bekämpft. Das von der EU geförderte internationale Forschungsprojekt TRIPHELIO zielte auf die Entwicklung insektizidfreier Alternativmethoden durch (1) die Optimierung der pheromongestützten Überwachung und Verwirrtechnik, (2) der Anwendung von Habitatmanagement-Strategien zur Förderung natürlicher Gegenspieler, und (3) dem Einsatz von Trichogramma-Schlupfwespen. Zusätzlich wurden Module für eine optimale Anwendung biotechnischer und biologischer Methoden bezüglich der Phänologie der Schadinsekten und möglicher Nebenwirkungen von Pestiziden erarbeitet. Die intensive Kooperation zwischen Wissenschaftlern und Praktikern aus mehreren Ländern Europas und Nordafrikas erlaubte den Entwurf möglicher Lösungsansätze für verschiedene Anbaubedingungen und klimatische Regionen des Mittelmeerraumes. Die wichtigsten Ergebnisse und Ausblicke für eine zukünftige praktische Umsetzung werden in dieser Veröffentlichung beschrieben.  相似文献