Effects of C:N ratio and substrate integration on periphyton biomass, microbial dynamics and growth of Penaeus monodon juveniles     

P. S. Shyne Anand  Sujeet Kumar  A. Panigrahi  T. K. Ghoshal  J. Syama Dayal  G. Biswas  J. K. Sundaray  D. De  R. Ananda Raja  A. D. Deo  S. M. Pillai  P. Ravichandran 《Aquaculture International》2013,21(2):511-524

An outdoor growth trial was conducted for 75 days to investigate the effect of C:N ratio and bamboo substrate (S) in brackish water shrimp culture. Penaeus monodon juveniles (0.35 ± 0.03 g) were stocked in experimental tanks with and without bamboo substrate. C:N ratio of 10 and 20 was manipulated with shrimp feed containing 32 % crude protein and rice flour as carbohydrate source. Addition of substrate and higher C:N ratio (CN20+S) significantly reduced (p < 0.01) inorganic nitrogen NH₃–N by 48.2 %, NO₃–N by 41.6 %, NO₂–N by 42.7 % compared with CN10. Substrate addition significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the turbidity by 22.4 % (CN10+S against CN10) and 20.7 % (CN20+S against CN20). Periphyton biomass and total heterotrophic bacterial load were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in CN20+S in comparison with CN10+S treatment. The autotrophic index increased from 123.4 ± 0.62 to 158.9 ± 3.8 for CN10+S and, 121.8 ± 1.6 to 228 ± 9.11 for CN20+S system. Provision of substrate and carbohydrate addition resulted in the highest body weight, 4.87 ± 0.12 g in CN20+S against 3.66 ± 0.07 g in CN20 and 2.90 ± 0.12 g in CN10 through provision of natural food in the form of periphytic algae and heterotrophic bacterial community. Treatment with substrates showed a higher survival rate by 7 % in comparison with without substrate treatments as it acted as shelter to shrimp during molting and there by reduced cannibalism. Thus, our results demonstrated that high C:N ratio and substrate addition improved growth, reduced FCR and better water quality conditions.  相似文献   

Optimized Extraction,Preliminary Characterization and Evaluation of the in Vitro Anticancer Activity of Phlorotannin-Rich Fraction from the Brown Seaweed,Cystoseira sedoides     

Amal Abdelhamid  Sirine Lajili  Mohamed Amine Elkaibi  Yosra Ben Salem  Ameni Abdelhamid  Christian D. Muller 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(9):892-909

Brown seaweeds produce useful bioactive substances with high cosmetic and pharmacological values due to the presence of antioxidant derivatives, mainly phlorotannins (PHT), which are of particular interest. A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with three variables (extraction time, dry material-to-solvent ratio and ethanol concentration) and two responses was performed to optimize the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of phlorotannins from Cystoseira sedoides using response surface methodology (RSM). Results showed that the independent variables significantly affected both phlorotannin content and the scavenging capacity. The optimum operating conditions were extraction time, 101.74 sec; dry material-to-solvent ratio, 1:10 g/mL; and ethanol extraction, 50%. Under these conditions, the predicted values of PHT content and radical scavenging activity-IC50 were close to the observed values and were 383.887 µg PGE/g Dm and 18.353 µg/mL, respectively. Characterization of the phlorotannin-rich fraction was conducted by high-performance liquid chromatography and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The evaluation of the anticancer activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line showed a potent activity to trigger apoptotic death in more than a half of the MCF-7 cells, with an estimated IC50 value of 78 μg/mL. In addition, this fraction induced a notable growth regression effect on 3D spheroids model in a concentration-dependent manner, with a growth rate of about 1.17, at 200 µg/mL.

Abbreviations: CCRD: Central composite rotatable design; Dm: Dry material; DMBA: 2,4-dimethoxy benzaldehyde; DMSO: Dimethyl sulfoxide; DPPH: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; EDTA: Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid; FBS: Fetal bovine serum; FT-IR: Fourier transform infrared; HPLC: High-performance liquid chromatography; IC₅₀: Half-maximal inhibitory concentration; MAE: Microwave-assisted extraction; Min: minutes; PBS: Phosphate buffered saline; PGE: Phloroglucinol equivalent; PHT: Phlorotannins; PHT-SED: phlorotannins derived from Cystoseira sedoides; PI: Propidium iodide; RSA: Radical scavenging activity; RSM: Response surface methodology; Sec: seconds  相似文献   

Impact of Distillery Effluent on Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics in a Vertisol of Central India     

AK Biswas  Pankaj Sharma  KM Hati  S Ramana  AB Singh 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2018,49(17):2189-2196

Distilleries produce a huge quantity of effluents, popularly known as spent wash (SW), which when bio-methanated produce post-methanation effluents (PME). A field experiment on soybean–wheat system was conducted for five consecutive years in a Vertisol of central India to evaluate the effect of distillery effluent (DE) on soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics. Ten treatment combinations consisting of control, 100% NPK + Farmyard Manure (FYM), and graded level of SW and PME were applied. Total carbon content of soil increased significantly with applications of FYM and DE. SW was found superior in enhancing carbon content of soil in comparison to PME. Farmyard Manure contributed more carbon toward the recalcitrant pool, whereas DE contributed more carbon toward the active and slow pool. Nitrogen (N) availability was significantly improved with the application of DE. Balanced application of DE may act as amendment for increasing C and N stocks in Vertisol.  相似文献   

Erratum to: Mitigation of Salt Stress Negative Effects on Sweet Pepper Using Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF), <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bacillus megaterium</Emphasis> and Brassinosteroids (BRs)     

Amira M. Hegazi  Amal M. El-Shraiy  A. A. Ghoname 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2017,69(2):111-111

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Morpho-physiological and biochemical response of maize (Zea mays L.) plants fertilized with nano-iron (Fe3O4) micronutrient     

Rajamanickam Elanchezhian  Dameshwar Kumar  Kulasekaran Ramesh  Ashish Kumar Biswas  Arti Guhey  Ashok Kumar Patra 《Journal of plant nutrition》2017,40(14):1969-1977

Nano-sized formulations of micronutrient iron (Fe) were found to substantially alter the growth and metabolism of maize plants. Plants fertilized with the optimal recommended dose of Fe in the nano-form (54 μM) registered an enhancement in morphological features, viz. plant height, biomass (shoot and root), and diminution in antioxidant enzyme activities than the plants fertilized with the sub-optimal dose of Fe in the macroform (salts). However, half of the recommended dosage of Fe (27 μM) in the nano-form positively influenced leaf area and proline content of plants too. This indicated that there is a possibility of reducing the dose of Fe supplement for plants in the nano-form to increase the nutrient use efficiency in a major cereal crop like maize. This may open a new era in plant nutrient management with a scope for improvement in nutrient use efficiency using nano-nutrient formulations.  相似文献   

Utility of RAPD,ISSR, IRAP and REMAP markers for the genetic analysis of Citrus spp.     

Manosh Kumar Biswas  Qiang XuXiu-xin Deng 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010

The application and informativeness of RAPD, ISSR, IRAP and REMAP markers to study the genetic diversity and relationship among the Citrus and its relative genotypes were investigated. High levels of polymorphism were observed for all four marker systems. The RAPD technique generated the highest number of polymorphic bands and average number of polymorphic band per assay unit. Average limit of the discriminating power was very close to its actual discriminating power of each marker. The highest and the lowest values of effective number of patterns were obtained from the marker REMAP (5.94) and RAPD (4.48), respectively. Correlation between the genetic similarities matrices were estimated from all four markers using the Mantel matrix correspondence test, and results showed significant correlations among the RAPD, ISSR, IRAP and REMAP similarity matrices. The highest correlations were found comparing RAPD and ISSR markers, whereas RAPD and REMAP (r = 0.143) markers were poorly correlated. To assess the usefulness of the overall information provided by these marker data for establishing phylogenetic relationships and Citrus germplasm classification, cluster analysis was performed. All four techniques, solely or in combination, discriminated the genotypes very efficiently and generated a high similarity in dendrogram topologies, although some differences were observed. The linkage analysis was conducted based on the segregation of 38 RAPD, 13 ISSR, 19 IRAP and 9 REMAP loci in 96 progeny of an intergeneric cross Citrus sinensis and Poncirus trifoliata. Among the 81 studied loci 65 loci distributed on five linkage groups. Comparing the result obtained with RAPD, ISSR, IRAP and REMAP markers in this study, IRAP and REMAP proved to be as a reliable molecular marker for fingerprinting, mapping and diversity study of Citrus and its relatives.  相似文献   

Duality of acibenzolar-S-methyl in the inhibition of pathogen growth and induction of resistance during the interaction tomato/vertcillium dahliae     

Hanane Zine  Lalla Aicha Rifai  Mohamed Faize  Amal Smaili  Kacem Makroum  Malika Belfaiza  El Mustapha Kabil  Tayeb Koussa 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2016,145(1):61-69

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Energy partitioning in cultured juvenile Pacific bluefin tuna,Thunnus orientalis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844)          下载免费PDF全文

Takayuki Ohnishi  Amal Biswas  Kohshi Kaminaka  Takahiro Nakao  Masashi Nakajima  Noboru Sakakibara  Kenji Takii 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(7):2040-2049

The characteristics of dietary utilization, energy conversion efficiency, metabolic rate and energy partitioning were measured for cultured Pacific bluefin tuna (PBT) juveniles fed on an artificial diet. Thirty‐one juveniles (1.1 ± 0.3 g BW) were stocked into each of two 2500 L tanks to measure oxygen consumption (?O₂), swimming speed, digestibility and growth performance. ?O₂ elevated until 2.5 ± 0.3 times of pre‐feeding level within 1.5 h after feeding, except for the first feeding, and returned to pre‐feeding level within 3 h. Swimming speed fluctuation was corresponded with the ?O₂ fluctuation, and both parameters were stable from 02:00 to 06:00 and also during the whole day for starved fish. These indicate that feeding has strong influence on their metabolic rate. Energy partitioning for faecal, urinary and branchial, heat increment and voluntary activity, standard metabolism, and retained energy were calculated to be 17.2%, 5.9%, 14.9%, 41.3% and 20.7% of total ingested energy, respectively. The results indicate that, unlike other fish, juvenile PBT distribute large amount of energy for maintenance, which allows only a little proportion of ingested energy available for growth.  相似文献   

Digital assessments of soil organic carbon storage using digital maps provided by static and dynamic environmental covariates     

Fatemeh Rahbar Alam Shirazi  Farzin Shahbazi  Hossein Rezaei  Asim Biswas 《Soil Use and Management》2023,39(2):948-974

Understanding the vertical and lateral distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil organic carbon density (SOCD) is indispensable for soil use and environmental management because of their vital role in soil quality assessments. Primarily, they are needed in calculating soil organic carbon storage (SOCS). The objective of this research was to provide digital maps of SOC and SOCD variation as well as their uncertainties at multiple standardized depths (H1: 0–5, H2: 5–15, H3: 15–30, H4: 30–60 and H5: 60–100 cm) using a parsimonious model with optimized terrain-related attributes and satellite-derived data. SOCS were evaluated at soil subgroup levels. An area of about 808 km² with varying elevation, plant cover and lithology from the Miandoab region, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran was selected as a case study area. A total of 386 soil samples were collected from 104 profiles comprising various soil genetic horizons. A continuous spline function was then fitted to the target properties in advance of creating a dataset at five standard depth intervals (following the GlobalSoilMap project). These were then grouped into three classes including top (H1), middle (H2, H3 and H4) and bottom (H5) depths to ease interpretation. Static and dynamic covariates (30-m resolution) were derived from a digital elevation model (DEM) and a suite of Landsat-8 spectral imageries, respectively. Four candidate models including stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR), random forest (RF), cubist (CU) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) Tree were tested in this study. Finally, the digital maps at 30-m resolution of SOC and SOCD and their uncertainties were prepared using the best-fit model and the bootstrapping method, respectively. Four soil subgroups (Gypsic Haploxerepts, Typic Calcixerepts, Typic Haploxerepts and Xeric Haplocalcids) were identified across the study area. The covariates had variable contributions on the evaluated models. The XGBoost Tree model generally outperformed other models for prediction of SOC and SOCD (R² = 0.60, on average). Regardless of soil subgroups, the uncertainty analysis showed that the SOCD map had a low prediction interval range value indicating high accuracy. Additionally, the highest SOCS and SOCD was observed at the top followed by middle and bottom depths in the study area. All subgroups exhibited a decreasing trend of SOCD with increasing depth. A similar trend was also observed for SOCS. The highest SOCD (on average) was observed in Gypsic Haploxerepts (4.71 kg C/m²) followed by Typic Calcixerepts (4.46 kg C/m²), Typic Haploxerepts (4.45 kg C/m²) and Xeric Haplocalcids (4.40 kg C/m²). Overall, the SOCS normalized by area within soil order boundaries was greater in Inceptisols than Aridisols across the study area. The findings of this study provide critical information for sustainable management of soil resources in the area for agricultural production and environmental health in the Miandoab region of Iran.  相似文献   

Comparisons among cultivars of wheat,hulless and hulled oats: Dry matter,N and P accumulation and partitioning as affected by N supply   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Qing‐Ping Zhou  Dilip Kumar Biswas  Bao‐Luo Ma 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2013,176(6):929-941

A better understanding of the impact of fertilizer nitrogen (N) on biomass and N accumulation, and their partitioning into different plant components is needed to optimize crop yield and quality. A field experiment with spring wheat (Triticum aestivum), hulless (Avena nuda), and hulled (Avena sativa) oats was conducted for 3 years in Ottawa, ON, Canada, to determine the crop responses to N addition (0, 75, and 150 kg N ha^–1). Biomass, N, and phosphorus (P) accumulation and partitioning into different plant components were examined during the growth season. Lodging score was determined for all crops when it occurred and again at harvest. During the growth season, both hulless and hulled oats and the wheat cultivar showed almost similar patterns of N and P accumulation with maximum contents at late grain filling or at harvest. Plant N concentration was up to 60 g kg^–1 during the seedling stage, decreased gradually with advancing growth stages, and was lowest at harvest. Nitrogen treatments significantly increased plant N and P contents. At heading stage, N treatments enhanced dry matter (24%–45%), N (35%–135%), and P (27%–45%) contents in plant components (i.e., culm, leaf, and head), but also enhanced crop lodging, especially in oats. Both hulled and hulless oats had higher total plant N (5%–35%), N : P ratio, and dry‐matter content in leaf (6%–43%) and head (0%–129%) along with higher P (up to 27%) in culm than the wheat cultivar. The wheat cultivar accumulated greater dry matter and higher N content in kernels than both hulled and hulless oats at harvest. Both hulled and hulless oat cultivars exhibited similar lodging susceptibility to N addition (75 or 150 kg N ha^–1), produced lower dry weight and lower kernel N, and hence lower grain yield than the wheat cultivar. The larger vegetative dry‐matter accumulation at heading coupled with higher P content in culms under high‐N‐supply conditions may be related to severe lodging in oat cultivars.  相似文献