Sesquiterpene lactones with potential use as natural herbicide models (I): trans,trans-germacranolides.     

F A Macías  J C Galindo  D Castellano  R F Velasco 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1999,47(10):4407-4414

A structure-activity study to evaluate the effect of the trans, trans-germacranolide sesquiterpene lactones costunolide, parthenolide, and their 1,10-epoxy and 11,13-dihydro derivatives (in a range of 100-0.001 microM) on the growth and germination of several mono and dicotyledon target species is accomplished. Results are compared with those obtained in the same bioassay with an internal standard, the commercial herbicide Logran, to validate the results with a known active formulation and to compare the results with a commercial product to test their potential use as natural herbicide models. These compounds appear to have a more selective effects on the radicle growth of monocotyledons. Certain factors such as the presence of nucleophile-acceptor groups and their accessibility enhance the inhibitory activity. The levels of radicle inhibition obtained with some compounds on wheat are totally comparable to those of Logran and allow to propose them as lead compounds.  相似文献   

Effect of the density on the growth and survival of the Caribbean scallops Argopecten nucleus and Nodipecten nodosus in suspended culture     

Luz Adriana Velasco  Judith Barros  & Alejandra Guerrero 《Aquaculture Research》2009,40(6):687-695

Juveniles of the Caribbean scallops Argopecten nucleus and Nodipecten nodosus were suspended in pearl nets at densities of 25%, 30% and 50% coverage of the bottom of the net (BC) during days. Additionally, adults of A. nucleus (>35 mm) were placed in lantern nets at densities of 40%, 50% and 65% BC during days. Stocking density affected the growth of animals, with higher growth rates obtained at the lower densities. Although the survival of the two scallops was not influenced at the densities studied, the 15-day net changes, and culture in water of <28 °C produced better survival of A. nucleus and N. nodosus respectively. Predators of the families Cymatiidae, Grapsidae, Portunidae, Majidae and Xanthidae were found in the culture nets of juvenile A. nucleus , but during the adult phase they were absent. Predators exhibited a dense-independent behaviour in relation to scallops. There was not any association between predator frequency and survival of A. nucleus .  相似文献   

Balancing resource protection and fishing activity: The case of the European hake in the northern Iberian Peninsula     

Maria Grazia Pennino  Raul Vilela  Jose M. Bellido  Francisco Velasco 《Fisheries Oceanography》2019,28(1):54-65

One of the fundamental aims of the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management is to ensure the long‐term sustainability of the fishery by protecting key life‐cycle habitats, such as recruitment areas. In this study, we apply a hurdle Bayesian hierarchical spatio‐temporal model that describes the abundance of European hake (Merluccius merluccius) recruits in the northern continental shelf of the Iberian Peninsula. Our findings clearly show four persistent nurseries, the main one being located along the continental shelf of the Artabrian gulf (off La Coruña). The preferential habitats identified for the hake recruits are areas within a bathymetric range of 120–200 m, with 15–16°C of Sea Surface Temperature, a Chl‐a concentration of 0.8–1.2 mg/m³ and low values of seabed rugosity (unconsolidated substrates). Searching for a compromise with fisheries, we also assess the degree of overlap of the main nursery areas with two fisheries footprints, a local one using Vessel Monitoring System data of trawl fishery of Marín, and a global one using Automatic Identification System data of different type of trawlers (bottom otter, beam and midwater trawls). The two fisheries footprints present different degree of overlapping in distinct areas, highlight the need of specific fleet‐adapted management rules in order to protect juvenile stages. We discuss that understanding the distributional patterns associated with key life stages, such as recruitment, and their interaction with fishing activities, is essential for applying appropriate spatial management measures and improving fishery sustainability.  相似文献   

Genetic study of recessive broomrape resistance in sunflower     

Bassou Akhtouch  Lidia del Moral  Alberto Leon  Leonardo Velasco  José M. Fernández-Martínez  Begoña Pérez-Vich 《Euphytica》2016,207(2):419-438

  相似文献   

Heterogeneous aspects of lipid oxidation in dried microencapsulated oils     

Velasco J  Marmesat S  Dobarganes C  Márquez-Ruiz G 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(5):1722-1729

This work was aimed at studying lipid oxidation in dried microencapsulated oils (DMOs) during long-term storage. Samples were prepared by freeze-drying of emulsions containing sodium caseinate and lactose as encapsulating components. Evaluation of lipid oxidation was approached by quantitative analysis of nonvolatile lipid oxidation products and tocopherol. Lipid oxidation products were analyzed by separation of polar compounds by adsorption chromatography followed by HPSEC with refraction index detection for quantitation of oxidized triglyceride monomers, dimers, and oligomers. The analytical method applied enabled the detection of different oxidative patterns between the free and encapsulated oil fractions. The free oil fraction of DMOs showed a typical oxidative pattern for oils in continuous phase, which consisted of a clear induction period, in which hydroperoxides (oxidized triglyceride monomers) accumulated, before oxidation accelerated. The end of the induction period was marked by the total loss of tocopherol and the initiation of polymerization. On the contrary, the encapsulated oil showed a pattern characteristic of a mixture of oils with different oxidation status. Thus, high contents of advanced oxidation compounds (polymerization compounds) were detected when the antioxidant (tocopherol) was still present in high amounts. It is concluded that the encapsulated oil was comprised of oil globules with very different oxidation status. The results obtained in this study gave evidence of heterogeneous aspects of lipid oxidation in a dispersed-lipid food system.  相似文献   

Inheritance of very high glucosinolate content in Ethiopian mustard seeds     

A. Márquez-Lema  J. M. Fernández-Martínez  B. Pérez-Vich    L. Velasco 《Plant Breeding》2009,128(3):278-281

Seed meal amendments rich in glucosinolates are of interest for soil pest and disease control. The Ethiopian mustard ( Brassica carinata A. Braun) line N2-6215, with very high levels of seed glucosinolates (160 μmol/g), was developed from the line C-101 (116 μmol / g) following mutagenesis. The objective of this research was to study the inheritance of very high seed glucosinolate content. Plants of N2-6215 were reciprocally crossed with plants of the line C-101. The F₁, F₂, and BC₁F₁ plant generations were evaluated in two environments and seeds from individual plants were analysed for total glucosinolate content. The very high glucosinolate content in N2-6215 seeds was largely subject to maternal control. No cytoplasmic effects were detected. The trait was found to be oligogenic and determined by at least two or three genes. The estimates of broad-sense heritability were 0.45 and 0.58 in both environments, whereas the estimates of narrow-sense heritability were 0.35 and 0.50. The moderate heritability and oligogenic control of the trait suggest the feasibility of breeding for increased seed glucosinolate content in Ethiopian mustard.  相似文献   

Esparto wool as reinforcement in hybrid polyurethane composite foams     

Marcelo Antunes  Álvaro CanoLaia Haurie  José Ignacio Velasco 《Industrial Crops and Products》2011,34(3):1641-1648

In the present work polyurethane foams containing variable concentrations of nano-sized clay and esparto wool were prepared and studied, with the objective of developing new multi-scalar rigid foams. The addition of montmorillonite clay favoured foaming and the formation of finer and homogeneous cellular structures, resulting in foams with compressive elastic moduli and collapse stresses lower than that of the polyurethane foams. Nevertheless, a comparative analysis versus the foams’ relative density demonstrated that both properties follow one single trend for the two materials. The combination of esparto and montmorillonite further reduced the cell size of foams, at the same time promoting higher open cell contents, resulting in the foams with the lowest mechanical properties. Although no important differences in thermal conductivity were found with adding montmorillonite, its value decreasing with reducing the relative density, the incorporation of esparto led to higher thermal conductivities, independently of the relative density. The combination of esparto and montmorillonite resulted in foams with thermal conductivities halfway between the esparto-reinforced and the montmorillonite-reinforced foams, related to a higher open cell content.  相似文献   

Transferability of non-genic microsatellite and gene-based sunflower markers to safflower     

M. J. García-Moreno  L. Velasco  B. Pérez-Vich 《Euphytica》2010,175(2):145-150

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) DNA marker resources are currently very limited. The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of transferring non-genic microsatellite (SSR) markers and gene-based markers, including intron fragment length polymorphism (IFLP) and resistance gene candidates (RGC)-based markers from sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) to safflower, both species belonging to the Asteraceae family. Cross-species amplification of 119 non-genic SSRs, 48 IFLPs, and 19 RGC-based sunflower markers in 22 lines and germplasm accessions of safflower was evaluated. Additionally, 69 EST-SSR markers previously reported to amplify in safflower were tested. The results showed that 17.6% of the non-genic SSR, 56.2% of the IFLP, and 73.7% of the RGC-based markers were transferable to safflower. The percentage of transferable markers showing polymorphic loci was 66.6% for non-genic SSR, 70.6% for EST-SSR, 55.5% for IFLP, and 71.4% for RGC-based markers. The highest polymorphism levels were found for non-genic SSR. The average number of alleles per polymorphic locus and mean heterozygosity values were 2.9 and 0.46, respectively, for non-genic SSR, 2.2 and 0.35 for EST-SSR, 2.1 and 0.24 for IFLP, and 2.0 and 0.34 for RGC-based markers. The results of this study revealed a low rate of transferability for non-genic SSR sunflower markers and a better rate of transferability for IFLP and RGC-based markers. Transferable genic and non-genic sunflower markers can have utility for trait and comparative mapping studies in safflower.  相似文献   

Genetic analysis of Grapevine leafroll‐associated virus 3 population from Galicia,Spain          下载免费PDF全文

A. M. Pesqueira  C. Cabaleiro  L. Velasco 《Plant pathology》2016,65(2):310-321

Grapevine leafroll‐associated virus 3 (GLRaV‐3; Ampelovirus, Closteroviridae) isolates from Galicia in northwestern Spain were selected to characterize their genetic diversity according to different factors (age, origin, location, variety, etc.). The vines belonged either to local white and red varieties autochthonous to Galicia or to varieties from other Spanish regions but widely used in Galicia. These GLRaV‐3 isolates came from different vineyards in Galicia located in coastal or inner areas. Multiplex RT‐PCR allowed the detection of isolates belonging to groups I, II, III–V and VI. Two genomic regions were studied in the isolates, the HSP70h and the capsid protein, using specific primers that allow the detection of variants from groups I to V. Some possible recombinants could be detected; however, multiple infections with different variants indicated that they were not genuine recombinants. No differences were found in the population structure considering variety or geographical factors. Isolates belonging to four groups were found in the distinct areas surveyed: groups I and II were the most common, followed by groups VI and III, as is the case in the rest of the world. In the same surveys, the presence of insect vectors for GLRaV‐3 was investigated and found lacking in inland areas but present in those with milder climate. Genetic analysis did not support isolation of the GLRaV‐3 isolates in Galicia, suggesting that the uncontrolled exchange of infected vines and/or rootstocks has been a major agent of virus spread.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the Lime-Cooking and Tortilla Making Properties of Quality Protein Maize Hybrids Grown in Mexico   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Serna-Saldivar SO  Amaya Guerra CA  Herrera Macias P  Melesio Cuellar JL  Preciado Ortiz RE  Terron Ibarra AD  Vazquez Carrillo G 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2008,63(3):119-125

Eleven experimental and three commercial white quality protein maize (QPM) hybrids and two regular endosperm controls were planted at Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico with the aim of comparing grain physical characteristics, protein quality, lime-cooking and tortilla making properties. All genotypes were planted under irrigation using a density of 80,000 plants/ha and fertilized with 250 kg N-60 P-60 K per hectare. When compared with the controls these QPM genotypes had lower test (77.4 vs. 76.5 kg/hL) and 1,000 kernel weights (327 vs. 307 g), softer endosperm texture (2.5 vs. 1.8 where 1 = soft, 2 intermediate and 3 hard endosperm), lower protein (10.0 vs. 8.0%), higher nixtamal water uptake after 30 min lime-cooking (50.0 vs. 53.1% moisture) and lower pericarp removal scores. The lower thousand-kernel weight and softer endosperm texture observed in the QPM genotypes lowered the optimum lime-cooking time as estimated with regression equations. Most QPM genotypes had higher amounts of lysine, tryptophan and albumins/globulins when compared with the controls. QPMs HEC 424973, HEC 774986 and HEC 734286 had the best grain traits for nixtamalization and therefore the best potential for industrial utilization. The commercial use of these QPM hybrids should benefit Mexicans who depend on tortillas as the main staple.  相似文献