A review of pre-appointment medications to reduce fear and anxiety in dogs and cats at veterinary visits     

Amelia Erickson  Kaylin Harbin  Justine MacPherson  Kate Rundle  Karen L. Overall 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2021,62(9):952

This review focuses on pre-appointment medications used to decrease fear and anxiety in dogs and cats related to veterinary visits. A review of the literature revealed data on 4 medications from 4 medication classes that have been used to ameliorate acute situational fear and anxiety in dogs and cats: gabapentin, trazodone, oral transmucosal dexmedetomidine, and alprazolam. The available information on use, mechanism of action, and pharmacokinetics is reviewed.  相似文献   

Chemical Characterization of Sewage Sludges in Chile and Their Potential Utilization as Amendment to Reclaim Soils for Forestation Purposes     

S. Maria Aguilera  Gilda Borie  Pedro Peirano  Manueal Rodriguez  Ivan Grez  Hugo Zunino 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(12):1993-2003

Soils open for forestation in Chile are characterized by their very low organic carbon content; therefore, new forest plantations, needed to restore soil ecological equilibria, are scarcely developed. Stabilized sewage sludge contain organic compounds which have been demonstrated can serve as good soil amendments. To evaluate their actual uses in Chile it is necessary to characterize the carbon (C)-distribution pattern of such sludges in order to foresee their potential contribution for soil reclamation and plant growth, acting both as a source of stable C-reservoir and as readily available C-source.

The molecular weight (m.w.) distribution and carbon balance in Chilean sewage sludges are quite similar to soil humus and some woody by-products, as sawdust and bark dust. Total C varies from 30 to 35%, N from 5 to 9%, and P from 10,000 to 12,000 ppm. No significant content was found for heavy metals.

The C-balance indicates that around 70% of total-C is under stabilized forms as humine and humic macromolecule structures. The sewage sludge can be considered as good amendments for forest soils, especially in areas heavily eroded and depleted of natural humus. Their soluble-C fractions (13% of total-C) will serve as good energy starter source to strengthen indigenous soil microbial ecology, while their high m.w. fractions (humic acid-like and humine-like macromolecules) will serve both as good humus reservoir and as microelement frame in soils treated with such sewage sludges.  相似文献   

Incidence and phylogenetic analyses of Armillaria spp. associated with root disease in peach orchards in the State of Mexico,Mexico     

R. D. Elías‐Román  R. A. Guzmán‐Plazola  N. B. Klopfenstein  D. Alvarado‐Rosales  G. Calderón‐Zavala  J. A. Mora‐Aguilera  M.‐S. Kim  R. García‐Espinosa 《Forest Pathology》2013,43(5):390-401

Incidence of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] tree mortality attributed to Armillaria root disease was assessed from 2009 to 2011 in 15 orchards in the State of Mexico, Mexico. Incidence increased gradually every year of assessment, reaching average values of 9.7, 15.3 and 20.3% tree mortality and 23.2, 24.7 and 28.3% disease‐impacted area of the orchards during 2009, 2010 and 2011, respectively. The cultivars ‘Nemaguard’ and ‘Criollo of La Goleta’, a local rootstock used in the region, were both susceptible to the disease. To identify species of Armillaria isolated from infected peach trees, two nuclear rDNA regions (partial 5.8S‐ITS2‐LSU D‐domains and partial 3′ LSU‐IGS1) and the translation elongation factor‐1α (tef‐1α) gene were sequenced and compared with sequences of known Armillaria species. DNA sequence analysis from 49 Armillaria isolates revealed that five isolates (10.2%) were Armillaria mellea and eight isolates (16.3%) were Armillaria gallica. DNA sequences from the remaining 36 isolates (73.5%) showed no close similarity to Armillaria sequences in GenBank, and apparently represent an undescribed Armillaria species. This undescribed species was the most widely distributed in the region of study. Separate phylogenetic analyses of the LSU region (D1–D3 domains concatenated with the partial 3′ end) and the tef‐1α region show that the undescribed species is quite distinct from other Armillaria spp. reported in North America.  相似文献   

Plant species richness and ecosystem multifunctionality in global drylands     

Maestre FT  Quero JL  Gotelli NJ  Escudero A  Ochoa V  Delgado-Baquerizo M  García-Gómez M  Bowker MA  Soliveres S  Escolar C  García-Palacios P  Berdugo M  Valencia E  Gozalo B  Gallardo A  Aguilera L  Arredondo T  Blones J  Boeken B  Bran D  Conceição AA  Cabrera O  Chaieb M  Derak M  Eldridge DJ  Espinosa CI  Florentino A  Gaitán J  Gatica MG  Ghiloufi W  Gómez-González S  Gutiérrez JR  Hernández RM  Huang X  Huber-Sannwald E  Jankju M  Miriti M  Monerris J  Mau RL  Morici E  Naseri K  Ospina A  Polo V  Prina A  Pucheta E 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,335(6065):214-218

Experiments suggest that biodiversity enhances the ability of ecosystems to maintain multiple functions, such as carbon storage, productivity, and the buildup of nutrient pools (multifunctionality). However, the relationship between biodiversity and multifunctionality has never been assessed globally in natural ecosystems. We report here on a global empirical study relating plant species richness and abiotic factors to multifunctionality in drylands, which collectively cover 41% of Earth's land surface and support over 38% of the human population. Multifunctionality was positively and significantly related to species richness. The best-fitting models accounted for over 55% of the variation in multifunctionality and always included species richness as a predictor variable. Our results suggest that the preservation of plant biodiversity is crucial to buffer negative effects of climate change and desertification in drylands.  相似文献   

Chile's research planning aims high     

Aguilera JM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6088):1505-1506

  相似文献   

The effects of repeated intravenous iohexol administration on renal function in healthy beagles – a preliminary report     

Robert M Kirberger  Nicolette Cassel  Ann Carstens  Amelia Goddard 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2012,54(1):47

Background

Contrast induced nephrotoxicity (CIN) is a well described syndrome in humans undergoing contrast medium examinations. To date CIN has received minimal attention in the veterinary literature despite increasing use of contrast medium examinations in computed tomographic studies.

Methods

This prospective study evaluated the effect of 1290 mg/kg iohexol given intravenously to 5 normal beagle dogs in a divided dose at an interval of 6–8 weeks. Renal function was evaluated by means of scintigraphically determined glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and a variety of laboratory assays.

Results

Only GFR showed a significant decrease (17%) after the second injection but not to a clinically or pathologically significant level.

Conclusions

No clinically significant effect of repeated contrast medium administration was determined in this limited study. However in dogs with reduced renal function the risk of CIN is likely to increase dramatically post contrast administration.  相似文献   

Reference intervals for hematologic and biochemical constituents and protein electrophoretic fractions in captive common buzzards (Buteo buteo)     

Spagnolo V  Crippa V  Marzia A  Sartorelli P 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2006,35(1):82-87

BACKGROUND: Increasing interest in wildlife care leads to the need for new tools to evaluate animal health. Laboratory investigations require reference intervals against which to compare the results obtained. For common buzzards, only a few studies have been performed to establish hematologic and biochemical reference intervals. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this work was to develop reference values for routine hematologic and biochemical constituents and protein electrophoretic fractions and evaluate possible seasonal differences in values for healthy common buzzards. METHODS: Heparinized blood samples were collected from 23 captive, clinically healthy common buzzards between February 2001 and June 2003. A CBC, routine biochemical analysis, and protein electrophoresis were performed. Data distribution was assessed and results from birds sampled in spring, summer, and winter were compared. Results from alternative methods for hemoglobin (Hgb; estimated as HCT / 3 vs spectrophotometry), total protein (biuret vs refractometry), and albumin (bromcresol green vs electrophoresis) concentrations also were compared. RESULTS: Reference intervals were calculated as 10-90th percentiles. In spring and summer, total WBC and heterophil counts, and urea, total protein, prealbumin, and beta- and gamma-globulins concentrations were significantly different from winter values. Results obtained by alternative methods for Hgb, total protein, and albumin concentrations were significantly different from those obtained by standard methods, although estimated and spectrophotometric Hgb values were significantly correlated. CONCLUSIONS: The reference values obtained in this study for hematologic and plasma biochemical constituents and their seasonal variation in healthy, captive common buzzards will be useful in the clinical evaluation of these birds in rehabilitation settings.  相似文献   

Air bubbling results in carbon loss during microalgal cultivation in bicarbonate-enriched media: experimental data and process modeling     

J.M. Rodríguez-Maroto  Carlos Jimnez  Jos Aguilera  F.X. Niell 《Aquacultural Engineering》2005,32(3-4):493-508

Turbulence is a major variable controlling growth of microalgae. When turbulence is provided by means of air bubbling, mass transfer phenomena take place between the culture medium and the air bubbles. A mathematical model has been developed to evaluate the effects of air bubbling in bicarbonate-enriched media for microalgae cultivation, and in cultures of the halotolerant alga Dunaliella viridis. Simulations have been made using a four order Runger–Kutta method combined with Marquardt's algorithm to establish the parameters of the system. The model permits: (i) simulation of the experimental behavior of organic (cellular) and inorganic (CO₂ + H₂CO₃ + HCO₃⁻ + CO₃²⁻) carbon in the cultures; (ii) performance of a sensitive analysis of the effects of varied operative conditions and (iii) development of strategies for optimizing the use of culture media and subsidiary energy. Simulation of the model demonstrated that in air-bubbled HCO₃⁻ enriched media there is a loss of CO₂ from the medium to the air bubbles, which escapes from the culture vessel, and no transference of CO₂ from the air bubbles to the water occurred. Validation of the model has been carried out by comparison of experimental and predicted values under different conditions.  相似文献   

Relationship between esterase activity and acrinathrin and methiocarb resistance in field populations of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis     

Maymó AC  Cervera A  Dolores Garcerá M  Bielza P  Martínez-Pardo R 《Pest management science》2006,62(12):1129-1137

The western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), is a serious pest in the south-east of Spain owing to its direct feeding on crops, transmission of the tomato spotted wilt virus and its very high level of resistance to insecticides. Mechanisms of resistance were examined using field populations of F. occidentalis with different susceptibilities to acrinathrin, methiocarb (selective insecticides), endosulfan, metamidophos and deltamethrin (broad-spectrum insecticides). Esterase activity towards alpha-naphthyl acetate and p-nitrophenyl acetate in resistant strains was significantly higher than in the reference strain (MLFOM) for both model substrates. This higher activity was significantly correlated with acrinathrin and methiocarb resistance.  相似文献   

Effects of a single intranasal dose of modified-live bovine respiratory syncytial virus vaccine on resistance to subsequent viral challenge in calves     

Woolums AR  Brown CC  Brown JC  Cole DJ  Scott MA  Williams SM  Miao C 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(3):363-372

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a single intranasal dose of modified-live bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) vaccine protects calves from BRSV challenge and characterize cell-mediated immune response in calves following BRSV challenge. ANIMALS: 13 conventionally reared 4- to 6-week-old Holstein calves. PROCEDURES: Calves received intranasal vaccination with modified live BRSV vaccine (VC-group calves; n = 4) or mock vaccine (MC-group calves; 6) 1 month before BRSV challenge; unvaccinated control-group calves (n = 3) underwent mock challenge. Serum virus neutralizing (VN) antibodies were measured on days -30, -14, 0, and 7 relative to BRSV challenge nasal swab specimens were collected for virus isolation on days 0 to 7. At necropsy examination on day 7, tissue specimens were collected for measurement of BRSV-specific interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) production. Tissue distribution of CD3+ T and BLA.36+ B cells was evaluated by use of immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The MC-group calves had significantly higher rectal temperatures, respiratory rates, and clinical scores on days 5 to 7 after BRSV challenge than VC-group calves. No difference was seen between distributions of BRSV in lung tissue of VC- and MC-group calves. Production of BRSV-specific IFN-gamma was increased in tissue specimens from VC-group calves, compared with MC- and control-group calves. Virus-specific IFN-gamma production was highest in the mediastinal lymph node of VC-group calves. Increased numbers of T cells were found in expanded bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue and airway epithelium of VC-group calves. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: An intranasal dose of modified-live BRSV vaccine can protect calves against virulent BRSV challenge 1 month later.  相似文献