A case-controlled retrospective study of the causes and implications of moderate to severe leukocytosis in dogs in South Africa     

Weltan SM  Leisewitz AL  Goddard A 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2008,37(2):164-172

BACKGROUND: Previous studies showed that dogs with extreme leukocytosis had specific types of diseases, long hospitalization times, and high mortality rates. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine whether dogs with moderate to severe leukocytosis are likely to have similar results compared with age-matched control dogs. METHODS: Records at the Onderstepoort Veterinary Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, were examined retrospectively from dogs with > or =35 x 10(9) WBC/L (Leukocytosis Group) and dogs with < or =30 x 10(9) WBC/L and < or =0.5 x 10(9) band neutrophils/L (Control Group). Hematologic and serum protein data, final diagnosis, and effect of glucocorticoid treatment were compared between groups. RESULTS: One hundred eighty-two dogs were included in the Leukocytosis Group and 179 in the Control Group. Compared with dogs in the Control Group, significantly more dogs in the Leukocytosis Group had infections, babesiosis, immune-mediated hematologic disease, and necrosis. Hospitalization time and neutrophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte counts were significantly higher and HCT, eosinophil count, platelet count, and serum albumin concentration were lower in dogs in the Leukocytosis Group (P<.0001). There was no difference in leukocyte counts between glucocorticoid-treated and non-glucocorticoid-treated dogs. Survival did not differ between Leukocytosis and Control Groups; however, a significant relationship was found between total neutrophil (mature+band) count and survival (P=.01). CONCLUSIONS: Dogs with leukocytosis of > or =35 x 10(9)/L are more likely to have bacterial and fungal infections, complicated babesiosis, immune-mediated hematologic disease, and necrosis. The total neutrophil count has a significant impact on outcome.  相似文献   

The bacteriology and antimicrobial susceptibility of infected and non-infected dog bite wounds: fifty cases   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Meyers B  Schoeman JP  Goddard A  Picard J 《Veterinary microbiology》2008,127(3-4):360-368

Dog bite wounds are a common reason for dogs requiring veterinary care, but there is surprisingly little data on the bacteriology of bite wounds. A prospective study was performed on dogs with various grades of bite wound to identify the bacteria present in these wounds. Swabs were collected from all wounds for bacterial culture and cytology. All swabs were cultured aerobically and anaerobically and all aerobic cultures were evaluated for antibiotic susceptibility using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion test. Fifty dogs with 104 bite wounds, inflicted within the previous 72h, were included. The victims were predominately intact male small breed dogs. Of the 104 wounds, 21 were judged by cytology to be infected and 83 non-infected. Infected wounds were significantly more likely to culture positive (p=0.02). Sixteen percent of wounds showed no growth. Sixteen percent grew aerobes, 1% anaerobes and 67% a mixture of aerobes and anaerobes. Pasteurella canis and pyogenic streptococci were common in infected wounds, whereas Bacillus spp., Actinomyces spp. and the oral streptococci were usually found in contaminated wounds. Three anaerobic genera were cultured, namely, Prevotella, Clostridium and Peptostreptococcus. One case represented the first isolation of Capnocytophaga canimorsus in an infected dog bite wound. Although no single antibiotic therapy was considered to be effective against all the bacteria, amoxycillin plus clavulanic acid, 1st and 3rd generation cephalosporins ampicillin or amoxycillin and potentiated sulphonamides gave the best in vitro sensitivity results.  相似文献   

Minimum inhibitory concentration and killing properties of rifampicin against canine Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates from dogs in the southeast USA          下载免费PDF全文

Karen K. Ho  Austin C. Conley  Robert A. Kennis  Terri L. Hathcock  Dawn M. Boothe  Amelia G. White 《Veterinary dermatology》2018,29(4):302-e104

  相似文献   

In Vitro Evaluation of the Size,Knot Holding Capacity,and Knot Security of the Forwarder Knot Compared to Square and Surgeon's Knots Using Large Gauge Suture          下载免费PDF全文

Alex M. Gillen  Amelia S. Munsterman  R. Reid Hanson 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2016,45(8):1034-1040

  相似文献   

Eosinophilic Enteritis in Horses with Motor Neuron Disease          下载免费PDF全文

E. Díez de Castro  R. Zafra  L.M. Acevedo  J. Pérez  I. Acosta  J.L.L. Rivero  E. Aguilera‐Tejero 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2016,30(3):873-879

  相似文献   

Antifeedant and toxicity effects of thiophenes from four Echinops species against the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus     

Fokialakis N  Osbrink WL  Mamonov LK  Gemejieva NG  Mims AB  Skaltsounis AL  Lax AR  Cantrell CL 《Pest management science》2006,62(9):832-838

Over 220 crude extracts from repositories generated from plants native to Greece and Kazakhstan were evaluated for termiticidal activity against the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). Emerging from this screening effort were bioactive extracts from two Greek species (Echinops ritro L. and Echinops spinosissimus Turra subsp. spinosissimus) and extracts from two Kazakhstan species (Echinops albicaulis Kar. & Kir. and Echinops transiliensis Golosh.). Fractionation and isolation of constituents from the most active extracts from each of the four species has been completed, resulting in the isolation of eight thiophenes possessing varying degrees of termiticidal activity. 2,2':5',2"-Terthiophene and 5'-(3-buten-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene demonstrated 100% mortality against C. formosanus within 9 days at 1 and 2 wt% concentrations respectively. In addition, all but two of the eight compounds tested were significantly different from the solvent controls in the filter paper consumption bioassay.  相似文献   

Trauma and Wound Management : Gunshot Wounds in Horses     

Amelia S. Munsterman  R. Reid Hanson  DVM 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice》2014

  相似文献   

Differences in whole-body protein turnover between Iberian and Landrace pigs fed adequate or lysine-deficient diets     

Rivera-Ferre MG  Aguilera JF  Nieto R 《Journal of animal science》2006,84(12):3346-3355

The capacity for protein deposition in Iberian pigs is lower than in modern (e.g., Landrace) pig breeds, and the reasons for this remain unknown. The hypothesis tested in this work is that under similar nutritional and physiological conditions, whole-body protein turnover as well as the protein synthesis to protein deposition ratio differs between Iberian and Landrace breeds, resulting in dissimilar protein deposition rates. As a main objective, these variables were compared at different protein and Lys intakes in growing gilts. The study examined the effect of Lys deficiency because this is the prevalent condition during the fattening period of the Iberian pig in the Mediterranean forest, where the main feed source is oak acorn, which provides approximately one-third of the available Lys present in an ideal protein. Three diets were tested within each breed: 2 diets with an optimal essential AA pattern, containing 12 or 16% CP as-fed, or a Lys-deficient diet (35% of the recommended Lys content). This diet was supplied at 12% CP for the Iberian and 16% CP for the Landrace pigs, respectively. The contrasts made were breed x dietary protein concentration and breed x AA pattern (adequate vs. inadequate Lys content). Cumulative urinary (15)N excretion over 60 h after receiving an oral dose of [(15)N]-glycine was used to calculate N flux. Mean BW for Landrace and Iberian pigs were 25.8 +/- 0.55 kg and 30.8 +/- 0.74 kg, respectively. Protein deposition (g of N/(kg(0.75).d) was lower in the Iberian than in the Landrace gilts (4 to 16%; P = 0.002) and increased with dietary protein content. In contrast, protein synthesis and degradation [g of N/(kg(0.75).d)] were greater for the Landrace breed (16 to 18 and 23%, respectively, for the 2 dietary protein contents studied; P < 0.05), but no breed differences were detected in fractional protein synthesis and degradation rates. The ratio of protein synthesis:protein deposition (S/PD) did not change with dietary protein concentration or breed and achieved a mean value of 5.4. Irrespective of breed, Lys deficiency had a strong negative effect on N balance (P < 0.001) and increased the ratio of S/PD (P = 0.012). The greater rates of protein deposition, synthesis, and degradation in Landrace pigs than in Iberian pigs fed optimal AA-pattern diets were then attributed to differences in body protein mass. Consequently, these results validate the hypothesis of unequal synthesis and degradation, but not of unequal S/PD, between breeds.  相似文献   

Comparison of direct and indirect methods of intra‐abdominal pressure measurement in normal horses     

Amelia S. Munsterman DVM  MS  DACVS  R. Reid Hanson DVM  DACVS  DACVECC 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2009,19(6):545-553

Objectives – To develop a direct method for measuring intra‐abdominal pressures in the standing horse, identify a reference interval for direct intra‐abdominal pressures, compare these pressures to indirect intra‐abdominal pressures measured from the bladder, and determine the optimal bladder infusion volume for indirect pressure measurement. Design – Prospective, experimental study. Setting – A university‐based equine research facility. Animals – Ten healthy adult horses, 5 males and 5 females. Interventions – Direct intra‐abdominal pressures were measured through an intraperitoneal cannula and zeroed at the height midway between the height of the tuber ishii and point of the shoulder. Indirect measurements of intra‐abdominal pressure were performed by measuring intravesicular pressures through a transurethral catheter zeroed at the tuber ishii. Measurements and Main Results – Direct pressure measurements obtained in the standing horse were subatmospheric (mean, ?1.80 cm H₂O; SD, 1.61 cm H₂O; 95% CI, ?2.80 to ?0.80) and were shown to decrease as the horse's weight increased (Pearson's r=?0.67, P=0.04), with no effect of head position (P=0.15). Mean baseline indirect pressure measurements (mean, ?8.63 cm H₂O; SD, 4.37 cm H₂O; 95% CI, ?13.05 to ?4.21) were significantly different from the pressures measured directly from the abdomen (P<0.001). Indirect pressure measurements were noted to increase with increasing volumes infused into the bladder, and were statistically different at a volume of 100 mL (P=0.004). There was low to moderate correlation between direct and indirect pressure measurements of intra‐abdominal pressure over a range of fluid volumes infused into the bladder (Pearson's correlation range ?0.38 to 0.58). Conclusion – Pressures measured directly in the standing horse were subatmospheric, and increased as the horse's weight increased. Indirect pressures measured were altered by increasing volumes infused in the bladder. There was no significant correlation between the 2 methods of intra‐abdominal pressure measurement.  相似文献   

Irrigation management from space: Towards user-friendly products     

Alfonso Calera Belmonte  Anne M. Jochum  AndrÉs Cuesta GarcÍa  Amelia Montoro Rodríguez  Prudencio López Fuster 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》2005,19(3-4):337-353

Irrigation Advisory Services (IAS) are the natural management instruments to achieve a better efficiency in the use of water for irrigation. IAS provide the farmers with irrigation scheduling information, based on crop water requirements for different crops, and thus, help farmers to optimise production and cost-effectiveness. Current IAS rely on labour- and cost-intensive field work, yet are unable to cover each plot in large areas at regular short time intervals. Earth observation (EO) is naturally destined to fill this gap. It allows for efficiently monitoring crop water requirements and related parameters within each field in extended areas. The incorporation of IT in the generation and distribution of information makes that information easily available to IAS and to its associated farmers in a personalised way. Farmers can opt to receive a wide variety of products, tailored to their needs and infrastructure, ranging from simple irrigation scheduling recommendation (irrigation volume, time) to colour-coded images (providing quick intuitive information on the crop vigour within their plots), both on PC and/or mobile phones. This work is based on the project DEMETER (DEMonstration of Earth observation TEchnologies in Routine irrigation advisory services), which assesses and demonstrates the EO- and IT-induced improvements in IAS day-to-day operations. This paper describes the methodology and discusses examples of products.  相似文献