Characterization of soil physico-chemical parameters and limitations for revegetation in serpentine quarry soils (NW Spain)     

Andrés Rodríguez-Seijo  María Luisa Andrade 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2017,17(5):1321-1330

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Origin and spatial distribution of metals in urban soils     

Rodríguez-Seijo  Andrés  Andrade  María Luisa  Vega  Flora A. 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2017,17(5):1514-1526

Journal of Soils and Sediments - This study assessed soils from 36 parks and gardens (Vigo City, NW of Spain) where there are different degrees of traffic intensity and activity. The soils were...  相似文献   

Test performance study of isothermal amplification tests for the detection of Grapevine flavescence dorée phytoplasma and ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’          下载免费PDF全文

N. Mehle  P. Kogovšek  F. Constable  K. De Jonghe  M. Loiseau  F. Veratti  C. Marzachi  L. Ferretti  E. Angelini  L. Filippin  E. Sousa  E. Andrade  J. Hodgetts  M. Dickinson  M. Dermastia 《EPPO Bulletin》2017,47(1):18-23

This test performance study (TPS) was carried out on DNA samples from grapevine, clematis, fungi and bacteria to compare and validate loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) tests for detection of Grapevine flavescence dorée phytoplasma and ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ (Grapevine Bois noir phytoplasma). Two LAMP tests, for Grapevine flavescence dorée phytoplasma and ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ (as developed by Kogov?ek and colleagues), with proven applicability for rapid laboratory or on‐site detection were included in this study. They were performed in 10 laboratories. In addition, the commercial Qualiplante/Hyris isothermal amplification test for Grapevine flavescence dorée phytoplasma was performed in three laboratories. The accuracy of the three tests was shown to be over 98%. Moreover, the high accuracy of these tests, which used different devices across different laboratories, confirmed their reproducibility.  相似文献   

Development of rice (Oryza sativa) lines resistant to aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides through induced mutation with gamma rays          下载免费PDF全文

Alexander de Andrade  Augusto Tulmann‐Neto  Fernando A. Tcacenco  Rubens Marschalek  Adriana Pereira  Antonio M. de Oliveira Neto  Klaus K. Scheuermann  Ester Wickert  José A. Noldin 《Plant Breeding》2018,137(3):364-369

The aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides (APPs) are graminicides with excellent control of many grass weeds species, including weedy rice (Oryza sativa L.). These herbicides block the fatty acid biosynthesis by inhibiting the enzyme acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACCase), resulting in the death of susceptible plants. Inducing mutation with gamma rays to rice seeds, two lines resistant to APPs herbicides were developed. Plant dose–response assays confirmed the resistance to the APPS herbicides quizalofop‐p‐ethyl and haloxyfop‐p‐methyl. The carboxyltransferase domain fragments of ACCase from the resistant biotype and susceptible control were sequenced and compared. A point mutation was detected in the amino acid position 2,027 (Rice Genome Annotation Project: Os05g22940.1). Results indicated that resistance to APPs is a consequence of an altered ACCase enzyme that confers resistance. The use of APPs herbicide‐resistant rice lines represents an innovative and promising alternative for weedy rice control in paddy rice systems.  相似文献   

Quantitative trait loci associated with trichomes in the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Solanum galapagense</Emphasis> accession LA1401     

Marcela Carvalho Andrade  Alex Antônio da Silva  Regis de Castro Carvalho  Juliana de Andrade Santiago  Alisson Marcel Souza de Oliveira  David Merrill Francis  Wilson Roberto Maluf 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2018,65(6):1671-1685

Pest resistance in Solanum galapagense has been associated with the presence of type IV glandular trichomes and allelochemicals. Knowledge of the genetic factors involved in determining the presence and type of trichomes may assist in the process of gene introgression for development of pest resistant tomato cultivars. In this study, we sought to identify QTLs associated with the presence of type IV trichomes in an F₂ population derived from the interspecific cross of Solanum lycopersicum TOM-684?×?S. galapagense accession LA1401. Two QTLs contributing to type IV trichome occurrence and density were detected, one major QTL (gal.IV-2), responsible for 35.22% of phenotypic variation, was located on chromosome 2. The other QTL (gal.IV-3) was located on chromosome 3, and explained 23.35% of the phenotypic variation in the F₂ population. These QTLs were responsible for 26.44 and 3.37% of the variation observed in a progeny derived from a backcross to TOM-684. The same QTLs were also associated with type II?+?III non-glandular trichomes, whose densities were negatively correlated to those of type IV trichomes, suggesting that the loci found may have pleiotropic effects for high type IV/low type II?+?III trichome densities. Our results indicate that the inheritance for type IV trichomes can be explained by a few genetic factors affecting the presence of a gland and the density of trichomes. These results further suggest a revision to trichome classification used for tomato may be appropriate.  相似文献   

Nitrogen dynamics in soil solution under different land uses: Atlantic forest and cacao–cabruca system     

Jéssica Carneiro de Souza  Marilane Andrade Pereira  Eline Nayara Dantas da Costa  Daniela Mariano Lopes da Silva 《Agroforestry Systems》2018,92(2):425-435

In the southern region of Bahia, a large portion of the Atlantic Forest was occupied by the cacao–cabruca system, which is implemented after the complete removal of the understory vegetation without altering the canopy. The objective of this study was to determine the nitrogen concentration in the soil solution in two micro-basins; one with the cacao–cabruca system and one in the Atlantic forest in the southern region of the state of Bahia. Samples were collected weekly during two periods, from September to December 2012 and from April to June 2013, using sample extractors installed in the micro-basins at 15, 45 and 90 cm. The inorganic forms in the soil solutions were analyzed through ion chromatography, total nitrogen was analyzed using spectrophotometry and mineralization and nitrification rates were analyzed using the laboratory incubation method. Among the nitrogen forms analyzed in the cacao–cabruca soil solution, the dissolved organic nitrogen prevailed among the rain classes in the three depths. In the forest, nitrate predominated at 15 cm, while the organic nitrogen prevailed in the other depths. The highest mineralization and nitrification rates were recorded in the forest. Of the inorganic nitrogen forms analyzed in the soil, ammonium concentrations showed higher rates than nitrate in both areas. Low inorganic nitrogen concentrations in the cabruca soil solution are associated with low mineralization and nitrification rates. Thus we can conclude that even if some studies point towards the environmental efficiency of this system, there are differences in the N forms in the forest and cacao–cabruca areas.  相似文献   

Characterization of tuber blight‐suppressive soils from four provinces of the Ecuadorean Andes          下载免费PDF全文

G. Orquera‐Tornakian  C. I. Díaz  D. C. Mogrovejo  D. J. Villamarín  F. Jarrín  L. K. Ponce  R. Oliva  J. Gia  G. A. Forbes  J. Andrade‐Piedra  F. J. Flores  C. D. Garzon  J. Molineros  A. Koch  M. S. Benítez 《Plant pathology》2018,67(7):1562-1573

Late blight, caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans, is a threat to potato‐cropping systems worldwide. In the Ecuadorian Andes, despite a high late blight incidence in foliage, tuber blight is rare. In this work, the hypothesis that Ecuadorian Andean soils are naturally suppressive to P. infestans tuber infection was evaluated. Soils from four potato‐growing regions were assessed for disease suppressiveness by determining the effects of soil heat treatment on P. infestans sporangia and their ability to infect potato slices after 1, 8, 15 and 30 days of exposure to soils. Tuber infection after inoculation with P. infestans‐infested soils was consistently lower during the evaluation period compared with heat‐treated soils. Fresh, untreated soils affected germination and viability of P. infestans sporangia in a site‐dependent manner. In addition, the effect of heat treatment on soil bacterial communities was assessed through terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the 16S rDNA gene region. Heat treatment disrupted bacterial community composition, and a subset of terminal restriction fragments (TRF) was either positively or negatively correlated with tuber infection. Bacterial TRF negatively correlated with tuber infection corresponded in fragment size to taxa with known ability to inhibit pathogens and promote plant growth. Finally, bacterial isolates obtained from untreated soils, which inhibited P. infestans growth in vitro, represented 22–47% of isolates recovered, and matched classes predicted by the TRFs. This work represents a first step in understanding the mechanisms behind the low incidence of tuber blight in Andean potato‐cropping systems.  相似文献   

Pulp and Paper Mill Effluent Treated by Combining Coagulation-Flocculation-Sedimentation and Fenton Processes     

Mariana Grötzner  Emeline Melchiors  Luiz Henrique Schroeder  Alexandre Renato dos Santos  Kethlyn Ghellere Moscon  Marco Antonio de Andrade  Sérgio Henrique Saavedra Martinelli  Claudia Regina Xavier 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2018,229(11):364

Pulp and paper industries face serious environmental challenges, especially with regard to the conservation of water resources. Chemical thermal mechanical pulping (CTMP) is a process of pulping that combines chemical and mechanical pulping. This reduces the volume of water used in the process. But on the other hand, CTMP generates an effluent with high concentration of organic matter and is difficult to treat. This study evaluated the efficiency in the combination of physicochemical pretreatment by coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation (CFS) process and advanced oxidation process (AOP) by Fenton in sequence to treat CTMP effluent of a Brazilian industry. At first, the best treatment conditions for this type of effluent were determined. To evaluate the efficiency, pH, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, total organic carbon, lignin contents, color, total phenolic contents, turbidity, and solids were measured before and after treatment. The acute toxicity on Daphnia magna was also determined. The treatment with CFS showed better results in the removal of solids and Fenton in the removal of recalcitrant compounds, such as lignin, demonstrating the need to use them in sequence. Combining CFS and Fenton to treat CTMP effluent allowed to achieve a removal efficiency of 95% for TOC, 61% for COD, and 76% for lignin contents.  相似文献   

Combining Sewage Sludge and Clam Shell Waste to Prepare Adsorbents for Efficient Phosphorous Removal     

Tamille A. Souza  Artur J. S. Mascarenhas  Heloysa M. C. Andrade  Tereza S. M. Santos 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2018,229(12):383

Effluents containing phosphorous as phosphate ions are frequently discharged in freshwater resources contributing to the eutrophication and directly interfering in the biological equilibrium. Clam shell residues and sewage sludge were combined for preparing efficient adsorbents for phosphate removal from aqueous medium. The adsorbents were characterized before and after adsorption testing, and the adsorption equilibrium and kinetics were investigated. Phosphate removal of 89?±?1% was attained for samples prepared with 0.1?< X <?1.0, where X corresponds to sewage sludge/clam shell mass ratio. The analyses of the experimental errors indicated that the phosphorous removal followed the Elovich kinetic model, which describes adsorption in very heterogeneous surfaces. On the other hand, the best modelling was achieved using the Koble–Corrigan isotherm model, which incorporate different aspects of both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms to represent the equilibrium data. The observed adsorption capacity (21.4 mgP g^?1) are comparable or greater to that observed for other adsorbents described in the literature.  相似文献