Cryopreservation of ram semen: Manual versus programmable freezing and different lengths of equilibration     

Jakub Vozaf  Alexander V. Makarevich  Andrej Balazi  Jaromir Vasicek  Andrea Svoradova  Lucia Olexikova  Peter Chrenek 《Animal Science Journal》2021,92(1):e13670

The aim of our study was to examine effects of the length of semen equilibration as well as two freezing techniques on ram sperm post-thaw quality. The ejaculates of Wallachian sheep rams (n = 12) were collected by an electro-ejaculation, equilibrated in a Triladyl® (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h) containing glycerol and egg yolk and frozen by programmable freezing (PF) or manual freezing (MF). After thawing, sperm samples were subjected to the motility (computer-assisted sperm analysis [CASA]), viability (SYBR-14/PI), and fertilizing ability (FA) (in vitro penetration/fertilization test on bovine oocytes) assays. It was found that the equilibration of 6 h (E-6) ensured higher post-thaw sperm motility and progressive movement compared with other lengths tested, irrespective of a freezing technique. The E-6 sperm viability did not differ between PF and MF but was lower (P < 0.05) than control. Sperm FA (E-6) was similar in PF (60.44%) and MF (62%) but slightly lower than in fresh (72.8%). Our data demonstrate that the use of MF was comparable with PF, which can be applied in the field conditions without need in a piece of cost-expensive equipment, which can greatly benefit the gene bank of animal genetic resources.  相似文献   

A SURVEY OF RADIOLOGISTS AND REFERRING VETERINARIANS REGARDING IMAGING REPORTS          下载免费PDF全文

Andrea Weissman  Mauricio Solano  Olivier Taeymans  Shannon P. Holmes  David Jiménez  Bruce Barton 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2016,57(2):124-129

An imaging report is a vital communication tool between a radiologist and clinician. In a field where in‐person communication may not be readily available, it is imperative that the report clearly relays pertinent clinical information in a timely manner. The purpose of this observational study was to describe and compare opinions and expectations of small animal general practitioners, veterinary specialists, and veterinary radiologists regarding the imaging report. Online surveys were distributed, and data were collected from 202 veterinary clinicians and 123 veterinary radiologists. The majority (89%) of clinicians were satisfied with their imaging reports and stated that they read the radiology report as soon as it was available (92%). Just less than half (48%) of clinicians indicated it was standard of care that a board‐certified veterinary radiologist read all imaging studies. Radiologists and clinicians agreed that a clinical history (98% and 94%, respectively) and clinical question (82% and 68%, respectively) were needed to generate a good radiology report. Fifty‐five percent to 70% of clinicians prefer red bulleted reports, which included incidental findings (96%); while radiologists slightly favored prose reporting (37–46%). Clinicians found it helpful when additional imaging (86%), medical (71%), and surgical recommendations (73%) were made. About one‐third of specialists who had been in practice for >11 years thought they were better able to interpret imaging for their own specialty than the radiologist. Clinicians voiced discontentment with reports that were not completed in a timely manner or did not give a prioritized differential list. Further studies are warranted to provide a more in‐depth evaluation of veterinary radiology reporting structure and style.  相似文献   

Nalbuphine and butorphanol reverse opioid‐induced respiratory depression but increase arousal in etorphine‐immobilized goats (Capra hircus)          下载免费PDF全文

Anna J Haw  Leith CR Meyer  Andrea Fuller 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2016,43(5):539-548

  相似文献   

Laboratory tests for diagnosing and monitoring canine leishmaniasis          下载免费PDF全文

Saverio Paltrinieri  Luigi Gradoni  Xavier Roura  Andrea Zatelli  Eric Zini 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2016,45(4):552-578

Although several reviews on canine leishmaniasis have been published, none thoroughly described clinicopathologic abnormalities and their clinical usefulness. The aim of this review was to provide information concerning current diagnostic tests relevant for clinical pathologists and from a practical perspective. Specifically, in canine leishmaniasis, nonregenerative normocytic normochromic anemia, thrombocytopenia, or leukogram changes may be present. Clinical chemistry and urinalysis may indicate renal dysfunction (azotemia, decreased urine specific gravity, proteinuria) and an inflammatory/immune response (increased acute phase proteins [APP] or α₂‐ and/or γ‐globulins). Although a potential gammopathy is usually polyclonal, it may also appear oligo‐ or monoclonal, especially in dogs coinfected by other vector‐borne pathogens. When lesions are accessible to fine‐needle aspiration (lymphoadenomegaly, nodular lesions, joint swelling), cytology is strongly advised, as the presence of Leishmania amastigotes in a pattern of pyogranulomatous inflammation or lymphoplasmacytic hyperplasia is diagnostic. If the cytologic pattern is inconclusive, the parasite should be identified by histology/immunohistochemistry or PCR on surgical biopsies. Alternatively, cytology and PCR may be performed on bone marrow samples where amastigotes, along with erythroid hypoplasia, myeloid hyperplasia, plasmacytosis, or secondary dysmyelopoiesis can be observed. Dogs with overt leishmaniasis generally have high antibody titers, while low titers predominate in immunologically resistant infected dogs or in exposed dogs with no parasite confirmation. Quantitative serology is recommended in clinically suspect dogs as high‐titer antibodies titers may confirm the clinical diagnosis. In confirmed and treated dogs, renal function and inflammatory/immune response variables should be periodically monitored.  相似文献   

Expert opinion based modelling of the risk of human infection with H5N1 through the consumption of poultry meat in Germany     

Greiner M  Müller-Graf C  Hiller P  Schrader C  Gervelmeyer A  Ellerbroek L  Appel B 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2007,120(3-4):98-107

According to current scientific opinion the risk of human infection with H5N1 via preparation and consumption of poultry meat is negligible.This opinion has not yet been challenged by a formal risk assessment, due to the lack of empirical data. We have developed a scenario pathway model as a conceptual framework for a formal assessment of the H5N1 risk to humans through consumption of poultry meat and parameterise the model using information derived from expert opinions. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the notion of an overall negligible risk via the oral infection route is consistent with ad hoc data and expert opinions on the relevant parameters of the model.The model is mainly based on expert opinion. A stochastic Monte-Carlo simulation was conducted which took into consideration (amongst others) the exposure and infection of chicken (broiler and layer), turkeys, ducks and geese, the probabilities of detection prior to slaughter, virus survival and contamination during slaughter, as well as during the cutting and preparation of meat in commercial plants and in private households, respectively. The empirical consumption pattern for poultry meat in Germany was taken into account in the simulation.The results show that the risk for the individual consumer is practically zero whereas up to 23 cases per year in Germany might occur if the upper (more pessimistic) ranges of the expert opinions apply.The finding of a low but non-negligible risk to the population is discussed in relation to the epidemiological information available from recent outbreaks in South East Asia.  相似文献   

Genetic basis and origin of resistance to acetolactate synthase inhibitors in Amaranthus palmeri from Spain and Italy     

Alfredo Manicardi  Laura Scarabel  Josep María Llenes  José María Montull  María Dolores Osuna  Joel Torra Farré  Andrea Milani 《Pest management science》2023,79(12):4886-4896

BACKGROUND

Amaranthus palmeri is an aggressive annual weed native to the United States, which has become invasive in some European countries. Populations resistant to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors have been recorded in Spain and Italy, but the evolutionary origin of the resistance traits remains unknown. Bioassays were conducted to identify cross-resistance to ALS inhibitors and a haplotype-based genetic approach was used to elucidate the origin and distribution of resistance in both countries.

RESULTS

Amaranthus palmeri populations were resistant to thifensulfuron-methyl and imazamox, and the 574-Leu mutant ALS allele was found to be the main cause of resistance among them. In two Spanish populations, 376-Glu and 197-Thr mutant ALS alleles were also found. The haplotype analyses revealed the presence of two and four distinct 574-Leu mutant haplotypes in the Italian and Spanish populations, respectively. None was common to both countries, but some mutant haplotypes were shared between geographically close populations or between populations more than 100 km apart. Wide genetic diversity was found in two very close Spanish populations.

CONCLUSION

ALS-resistant A. palmeri populations were introduced to Italy and Spain from outside Europe. Populations from both countries have different evolutionary histories and originate from independent introduction events. ALS resistance then spread over short and long distances by seed dispersal. The higher number and genetic diversity among mutant haplotypes from the Spanish populations indicated recurrent invasions. The implementation of control tactics to limit seed dispersal and the establishment of A. palmeri is recommended in both countries. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.  相似文献   

Diagnosis and outcome following tenoscopic surgery of the digital flexor tendon sheath in German sports and pleasure horses     

Andrea N. Cender  Kathrin Mählmann  Anna Ehrle  Roswita Merle  Laura Pieper  Christoph J. Lischer 《Equine veterinary journal》2023,55(1):48-58

  相似文献   

Management strategy influences landscape patterns of high-severity burn patches in the southwestern United States     

Singleton  Megan P.  Thode  Andrea E.  Sánchez Meador  Andrew J.  Iniguez  Jose M.  Stevens  Jens T. 《Landscape Ecology》2021,36(12):3429-3449

Landscape Ecology - Spatial patterns of high-severity wildfire in forests affect vegetation recovery pathways, watershed dynamics, and wildlife habitat across landscapes. Yet, less is known about...  相似文献   

Malignant transformation of a unicameral bone cyst in a cat     

Bj?rn Berger  Andreas Brühschwein  Lina Eddicks  Andrea Meyer-Lindenberg 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2016,57(4):377-381

A unicameral bone cyst in the proximal humerus of a 3-year-old Norwegian forest cat was diagnosed by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, surgical exploration, and histopathology. Surgical curettage and incorporation of bone cement led to full recovery. An osteosarcoma developed at the surgical site 17 months later. Thoracic radiographs showed pulmonary lesions consistent with metastasis.  相似文献   

A New Cell Wall Located N-rich Protein is Strongly Induced During the Hypersensitive Response in Glycine Max L.     

Andrea A. Ludwig  Raimund Tenhaken 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2001,107(3):323-336

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merill, cv. Williams 82) plants and cell cultures respond to avirulent pathogens with a hypersensitive reaction. After inoculation of soybean with Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea, carrying the avirulence gene avrA, or zoospores from the fungus Phytophthora sojae Race 1, a resistance-gene-dependent cell death programme is activated. A new gene was identified by differential display of mRNAs that is specifically activated during the early phase of incompatible pathogen-soybean interactions but does not respond to compatible pathogens. The gene is strongly induced within 2h after addition of P. sojae zoospores. A similar kinetic pattern was observed for P. syringae (avrA) inoculated soybean cell cultures. The gene encodes a deduced protein of 368 amino acids with a very high content of asparagine and was therefore termed N-rich protein (NRP). The protein is composed of two distinct domains, of which only the C-terminal domain has striking homology to proteins of unknown function from other plants. An antibody raised against the recombinant NRP recognizes a protein of 42kDa. The protein is located in the cell wall as indicated by cell fractionation studies. Comparison of the genomic DNA-sequence with the cDNA, identified two introns within the open reading frame. The NRP-gene is not directly induced by salicylic acid or hydrogen peroxide, indicating a distinct and specific signal transduction pathway which is only activated during programmed cell death. The NRP-gene appears to be a new marker in soybean activated early in plant disease resistance.  相似文献