Relating genetic variation of ecologically important tree traits to associated organisms in full-sib aspen families     

Frauke Kleemann  Maximilian von Fragstein  Barbara Vornam  Annika Müller  Christoph Leuschner  Andrea Holzschuh  Teja Tscharntke  Reiner Finkeldey  Andrea Polle 《European Journal of Forest Research》2011,130(5):707-716

Knowledge on phenological, morphometric, and phytochemical variation of local progenies of European aspen (Populus tremula, L.) is limited. The goal of this study was to characterize variation in growth and ecologically important leaf properties in aspen full-sib families in relation to interacting organisms (mycorrhiza, endophytes, and insects) and to determine whether these interactions were affected by soil application of a systemic fungicide. In local progenies, within-family variation of neutral molecular genetic markers (nuclear microsatellites) was higher than between families. Significant variation in growth, production of phenolic defensive compounds and other phytochemical leaf traits was found between families. Phenolic compounds showed clear negative correlation with generalist herbivores, but did not result in negative trade-off with biomass production. Differences in mycorrhizal colonization were not found among full-sib families and application of a systemic fungicide suppressed neither mycorrhizal colonization nor infestation with insects. However, a strong suppression of endophytes occurred, whose long-term consequences may require attention when fungicides are used in agroforestry plantations.  相似文献   

Effect of commercial lignosulfonate-humate on Zea mays L. metabolism     

Ertani A  Francioso O  Tugnoli V  Righi V  Nardi S 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(22):11940-11948

Lignosulfonate-humate a and lignosulfonate-humate b, derived by an industrial process from lignin, were studied chemically and biologically, and their effects on maize metabolism compared with the responses induced by humic substances obtained from leonardite. Lignosulfonate-humate a and lignosulfonate-humate b elicited hormonelike activity and leonardite displayed giberellin properties. To improve our understanding of their biological action, lignosulfonate-humate a, lignosulfonate-humate b and leonardite were supplied to maize plants and their effect was studied on growth, nitrogen metabolism and photosynthesis. All products increased root and leaf growth. Glutamine-synthetase, glutamate-synthase enzyme activities and protein content were all increased. The treatments also increased chlorophyll content, glucose, fructose and rubisco enzyme activity, suggesting a positive role of lignosulfonate-humate a, lignosulfonate-humate b and leonardite in the photosynthetic process. In addition, an increase in phenol content was observed. In light of these results, being environmentally friendly products, lignosulfonate-humate a and lignosulfonate-humate b could be used to increase crop yield.  相似文献   

Airway hyperresponsiveness to adenosine 5’-monophosphate in feline chronic inflammatory lower airway disease     

Reinhard A. Hirt  Alexandra Galler  Sarina Shibly  Andrea Bilek 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2011,187(1):54-59

Airway hyperresponsiveness is a key feature of human asthma and chronic bronchitis and response to the indirectly acting agonist adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP) is thought to reflect underlying airway inflammation. To examine whether airway responsiveness testing (ART) with AMP may be used to differentiate healthy cats from those with asthma (FA) and chronic bronchitis (CB), 24 cats (9 FA, 6 CB, 9 controls) underwent ART with AMP at concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 500 mg/mL using barometric whole body plethysmography.The defined endpoint of ART, an increase in enhanced pause (Penh) exceeding 300% of the post-saline value (baseline), was reached in 9/15 patients (7 FA, 2 CB), but in none of the controls. Mean Penh (±SD) at baseline (BL) was 0.49 ± 0.16 for cases, and 0.54 ± 0.16 for controls, and was significantly increased after AMP challenge in clinical cases (2.62 ± 2.20), but not in controls (0.63 ± 0.30, P < 0.05). After separating responder (R) and non-responder (NR) cases, a more pronounced difference after challenge was found (R: 3.96 ± 1.84, NR: 0.6 ± 0.21, P < 0.001). The provocative concentration of the agonist that increased Penh to 300% of BL (PC Penh 300) in R cases was 52.98 ± 48.04 mg/mL AMP. Age had no influence on the responder status or PC Penh 300. It was concluded that AMP challenge may offer a new method for the identification of cats with lower inflammatory airway disease, and possibly for monitoring disease progression or response to therapy.  相似文献   

Post-mortem findings in 54 cases of anesthetic associated death in cats from two spay-neuter programs in New York State     

Gerdin JA  Slater MR  Makolinski KV  Looney AL  Appel LD  Martin NM  McDonough SP 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2011,13(12):959-966

Anesthetic-associated death (AAD) in cats is infrequent, but occurs far more frequently than in people. Post-mortem investigations of AAD in cats are uncommon, and results only sporadically published. Here we report the findings in 54 cases of AAD in cats. Significant gross and/or microscopic pre-existing disease, including pulmonary, cardiac, and systemic disease, was detected in 33% of cases. Pulmonary disease was most frequently diagnosed (24% of cases), and included cases of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus infection (9% of cases). Heart disease, including two cases of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, was less frequent (11% of cases). Four percent died from surgical complications. No?significant gross or microscopic disease was detected in 63% of cases. Additional studies are needed to determine if these findings are representative of AAD in cats in other geographic areas or with access to veterinary care. This study demonstrates that post-mortem investigation of AADs is an important and worthwhile endeavor.  相似文献   

Cutaneous reaction after intravenous administration of medetomidine?     

Viscasillas J  Seymour C  Knudsen T  Levien A  Volk A 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2011,38(4):413-414

  相似文献   

Survey of ixodid ticks and two tick-borne pathogens in African buffaloes, Syncerus caffer, from the Caprivi Strip, Namibia     

Pascucci I  Capobianco Dondona A  Cammà C  Marcacci M  Di Domenico M  Lelli R  Scacchia M  Jago M  Khaiseb S  Hager AL  Tjipura-Zaire G  Caporale V 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2011,42(4):634-640

A capture operation to ascertain health status in free-ranging buffaloes from six different areas in the Caprivi Strip in the northeast corner of Namibia was conducted in October 2009. Basic information on the ticks and tick-borne pathogens normally found in wildlife from this area are scarce. The objective of this study was to assess the host status of African buffaloes, Syncerus caffer, for ixodid ticks and two selected tick-borne pathogens in the Caprivi Strip, a key area bordering Angola, Zambia, Botswana, and Zimbabwe. Four different tick species have been identified among the 233 collected specimens, and, of 95 tested buffaloes, 54 (57%) were positive for Theileria parva, whereas only 3 (3%) showed evidence of being infected with Ehrlichia ruminantium.  相似文献   

Anesthesia of Tibetan yak (Bos grunniens) using thiafentanil - xylazine and carfentanil - xylazine     

Cushing A  McClean M  Stanford M  Lohe T  Alcantar BE  Chirife AD 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2011,42(4):713-717

The use of 0.025 +/- 0.012 mg/kg (median +/- interquartile range) thiafentanil with 0.15 +/- 0.03 mg/kg xylazine (TX) and 0.011 +/- 0.0015 mg/kg carfentanil with 0.25 +/- 0.093 mg/kg xylazine (CX), with dosages based on estimated bodyweight, was used in the anesthesia of 37 Tibetan yak (Bos grunniens) housed within a drive-through animal park setting. The median time to lateral recumbency was 5 and 7 min for each group, respectively. With the addition of propofol in 8 CX animals and 17 TX animals, the anesthetic plane was suitable for a wide range of procedures. The median time to standing recovery following administration of naltrexone was 4 +/- 3.5 min with TX and 7 +/- 1.5 min with CX. There was one fatality and one case of renarcotization in the TX group. Overall, the dosages used in the study provided a reliable and useful anesthetic induction protocol, with TX animals demonstrating a more rapid induction and recovery with less cardiac depression than CX animals.  相似文献   

FTIR-ATR-based prediction and modelling of lignin and energy contents reveals independent intra-specific variation of these traits in bioenergy poplars     

Guanwu Zhou  Gail Taylor  Andrea Polle 《Plant methods》2011,7(1):9

Background  

There is an increasing demand for renewable resources to replace fossil fuels. However, different applications such as the production of secondary biofuels or combustion for energy production require different wood properties. Therefore, high-throughput methods are needed for rapid screening of wood in large scale samples, e.g., to evaluate the outcome of tree breeding or genetic engineering. In this study, we investigated the intra-specific variability of lignin and energy contents in extractive-free wood of hybrid poplar progenies (Populus trichocarpa × deltoides) and tested if the range was sufficient for the development of quantitative prediction models based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Since lignin is a major energy-bearing compound, we expected that the energy content of wood would be positively correlated with the lignin content.  相似文献   

Phytotoxic polyketides produced by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phomopsis foeniculi</Emphasis>, a strain isolated from diseased Bulgarian fennel     

Antonio Evidente  Rossitza Rodeva  Anna Andolfi  Zornitsa Stoyanova  Carmen Perrone  Andrea Motta 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2011,130(2):173-182

Recently, a new fungal disease caused by Diaporthe angelicae (anamorph Phomopsis foeniculi) has been found with increasingly frequency on fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) in Bulgaria. Using a bioassay-guided isolation and purification procedure, different metabolites were isolated from the fungal culture filtrates. They were identified by spectroscopic methods as nectriapyrone, a pentaketide monoterpenoid, and altersolanols A and J and macrosporin, three octaketides anthracenones. Leaf puncture bioassay was applied on detached tomato leaves to prove the phytotoxic activity of the fractions and of pure compounds. Nectriapyrone and altersolanols A and J showed a modulated phytotoxicity, while macrosporin was not toxic. Altersolanol A was the most active compound.  相似文献   

Evaluating simultaneous impacts of three anthropogenic effects on a floodplain-dwelling marsupial Antechinus flavipes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hania Lada  Greg Horrocks  Andrea C. Taylor 《Biological conservation》2007,134(4):527-536

Regulation of river flows has altered floodplain ecosystems around the world. Floods are less frequent, which leads to reduction of favourable environmental conditions for many terrestrial and aquatic organisms adapted to natural flooding regimes. In Australia, the Murray River floodplains have been subjected to decline in inundations, to extensive logging and to removal of fallen timber. The yellow-footed antechinus (Antechinus flavipes) is the only small, native, ground-dwelling/semi-arboreal mammal on most floodplains of south-eastern Australia, yet the effects of floods on its population dynamics largely are unknown. Here, we found positive effects of proximity to flooding, higher woodloads and of abundance of large, hollow-bearing trees on antechinus numbers. Mean trapping rates of antechinuses were lowest in 2003 following a 3-year period with no inundation, higher in 2004 following the first breeding season during a small, controlled flood in 2003, and higher again in 2005, following a small, controlled flood in 2004. In 2004 and 2005, trapping rates declined with distance from floodwaters. This study provides evidence for the benefits of using management flows to inundate floodplains, conserving large trees and ensuring high woodloads in floodplains for sustaining populations of the yellow-footed antechinus.  相似文献