排序方式： 共有83条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
Sidsel Jensen Henrik Oestdal Leif H. Skibsted Erik Larsen Anette K. Thybo 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bread and whole wheat bread were stored for up to 3 weeks and specific chemical reactions were related to perceptual flavour changes as analysed by sensory profiling. Volatile and non-volatile compounds were quantified using GC–MS and HPLC. Results were examined by multivariate data analysis. 相似文献
32.
Ricardo Jorge Soares Magalh?es Anette Loeffler Jodi Lindsay Mick Rich Larry Roberts Heather Smith David Hugh Lloyd Dirk Udo Pfeiffer 《Veterinary research》2010,41(5)
Risk factors for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection in dogs and cats were investigated in an unmatched case-control study. A total of 197 animals from 150 veterinary practices across the United Kingdom was enrolled, including 105 MRSA cases and 92 controls with methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) infection. The association of owners and veterinarian staff with the human healthcare sector (HCS) and animal-related characteristics such as signalment, antimicrobial and immunosuppressive therapy, and surgery were evaluated as putative risk factors using logistic regression. We found that significant risk factors for MRSA infection were the number of antimicrobial courses (p = 0.005), number of days admitted to veterinary clinics (p = 0.003) and having received surgical implants (p = 0.001). In addition, the odds of contact with humans which had been ill and admitted to hospital (p = 0.062) were higher in MRSA infected pets than in MSSA controls. The risk factors identified in this study highlight the need to increase vigilance towards identification of companion animal groups at risk and to advocate responsible and judicious use of antimicrobials in small animal practice. 相似文献
33.
Christine Sticht Stefan Schrader Anette Giesemann Hans-Joachim Weigel 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2008,40(6):1432-1445
We studied atmospheric CO2 enrichment effects on life form types, species composition, dominance structure and individual density of collembolans under cultivation of sugar beet and winter wheat. The study was part of a long-term CO2 enrichment field experiment (FACE: Free Air CO2 Enrichment) at the Federal Agricultural Research Centre (FAL) in Braunschweig (Germany), using isotopically labelled CO2. The stable C-isotopic signature (δ13C) of collembolan species, plant material, and soil indicated CO2 impacts on C translocation. The δ13C values of both crops significantly increased from above-ground to below-ground plant parts and significantly decreased under FACE conditions. The δ13C values of collembolan species differed significantly depending on CO2 treatment and crop and showed a distinct tendency depending on plant growth stage. The extent, to which δ13C values of collembolans decreased under FACE conditions, was species- and life strategy-dependent. The stable C-isotopic signatures of euedaphic and hemiedaphic species were similar in the control, but, depending on crop, differently affected by atmospheric CO2 enrichment. Under winter wheat cultivation, hemiedaphic species showed more negative δ13C values than euedaphic ones under FACE conditions. CO2 enrichment effects on occurrence, density and dominance distribution of the collembolan species differed strongly between crops and their developmental stages, which reveal crop-specific below-ground effects due to different food qualities in the rhizosphere. CO2 impacts were stronger under sugar beet compared to winter wheat cultivation. Independent of crop, CO2 enrichment enhanced the diversity of collembolans before harvest and increased the proportion of hemiedaphic in relation to euedaphic species in a community. Our results on collembolan communities imply CO2-induced changes in the root-derived carbon resources used by the soil food web. The present study reveals atmospheric CO2 enrichment impacts to specifically affect collembolan species according to their food preferences. 相似文献
34.
From 2001 to 2005 the influence of the dwarfed apple rootstocks M?9 (clone: Burgmer 984), Fleuren 56, Supporter 1, P?16, P?22, J-TE-F, J-TE-E and M?27 on growth, yield and fruit size of the apple varieties ‘Elstar, Elshof’, ‘Boskoop, Herr’ and ‘Jonagored’ was investigated on the locations Auweiler, Dresden-Pillnitz, Osnabrück and Wurzen in Germany.All rootstocks induced a less vegetative growth as the rootstock M?9. In comparison with M?9 the crown volume of the trees ranged from 92% (Supporter 1) to 52% (M?27). The highest yield potential showed the rootstock P?16. Her specific yield (kg/m3) was 17% higher than the specific yield of M?9. All rootstocks produced a lower individual fruit size as M?9. J-TE-E and J-TE-F produced the lowest specific yield. 相似文献
35.
36.
The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare home-prepared and chicken hydrolysate diets in the diagnosis of canine adverse food reactions (AFR). Seventy-two dogs were fed home-prepared diets and 109 were fed hydrolysate. Owners chose the type of diet at presentation, and ingredients of home-prepared diets were selected depending on each dog's dietary history. Ectoparasitic infestations and microbial infections were treated during the trials. Cutaneous and gastrointestinal signs and pruritus scores were recorded before starting the diet, 6 weeks into the trials and after provocation with the original diets. AFR was diagnosed if pruritus resolved during the trial and recurred on dietary provocation. The dropout rate was lower for home-prepared diets although not statistically significant (18.1% home prepared; 24.7% hydrolysate, P=0.377). AFR alone was diagnosed in 10 dogs (17%) using home-prepared diets and in 15 (18.3%) fed the hydrolysate. Gastrointestinal problems were more frequent in dogs with AFR than in dogs without AFR (P=0.001). Another 11 dogs (18.6%) in the home-prepared diet group and 20 (24.4%) in the hydrolysate diet group had AFR concurrent with other pruritic diseases, mainly atopy. The similar frequencies of AFR diagnosis in the two groups (P=0.837 AFR; P=0.416 concurrent AFR) indicate that the chicken hydrolysate diet may be a valuable alternative to home-prepared diets in the diagnosis of canine AFR. Prospective cross-over studies are warranted to confirm these findings. 相似文献
37.
38.
Cooking effects on water distribution in potatoes using nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mortensen M Thybo AK Bertram HC Andersen HJ Engelsen SB 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(15):5976-5981
Continuous low-field (LF) (1)H NMR relaxometry was used to monitor the structural changes during cooking of potatoes with two different dry matter (DM) contents. A principal component analysis of the relaxation decay curves revealed major events related to water mobility during cooking, which occur at 53 and 60 degrees C for potatoes with medium and low DM contents, respectively. Exponential analysis of the relaxation decays reveals two major water populations in the potato: a slow-relaxing (assigned to water in cytoplasm and extracellular cavities) water component, T(22) ( approximately 350-550 ms), and a fast-relaxing component (primarily assigned to water associated with starch and cell walls), T(21) ( approximately 45-65 ms). Significant DM dependent shifts in both the T(21) and T(22) relaxation time constants were observed during cooking, indicating that starch gelatinizes between 53 and 70 degrees C with water exchanging with the hydroxyls of starch (transition in T(21)) and cells start to disrupt with an increase in diffusion volumes at approximately 60 degrees C (transition in T(22)). The study reveals that continuous LF NMR measurement is an excellent and highly sensitive method to study changes in water mobility and water populations during the cooking of potatoes. 相似文献
39.
Bruno Baur Cristina Cremene Laszlo Rakosy Anette Baur Andreas Erhardt 《Biological conservation》2006,132(2):261-273
Recent changes in agriculture (intensification or abandonment) have resulted in a critical reduction of semi-natural grasslands in Eastern Europe. Subalpine semi-natural grasslands in Transylvania, Romania, harbour a high diversity of plants and invertebrates, including endemics, and are considered refugia for numerous threatened open-land species. We investigated effects of land abandonment by examining species richness, species abundance, proportion of open-land, endemic and threatened vascular plants, gastropods, and diurnal and nocturnal Lepidoptera in extensive hay meadows (initial stage), and three seral stages of succession (early stage of abandoned hay meadow, naturally growing birch forest, and mature forest) in the mountainous region of Baisoara in Transylvania. A total of 626 species (225 vascular plants, 16 gastropods, 68 diurnal and 317 nocturnal Lepidoptera) were found in the 16 study sites (four replicates per successional stage). The four taxonomic groups differed in their response to the abandonment of hay meadows. Each stage of succession harboured the maximum species richness for one taxonomic group: extensive hay meadows for vascular plants, abandoned hay meadows for diurnal Lepidoptera, birch forests for nocturnal Lepidoptera, and mature forests for gastropods. In all four taxonomic groups the complementarity of species composition increased with successional age, whereas the number of characteristic open-land species decreased with successional age. The four successional stages did not differ in proportion of red-listed plant and diurnal Lepidoptera species. In nocturnal Lepidoptera, however, the proportion of red-listed species increased with successional age. Furthermore, successional stages did not differ in number of plant species endemic to the Carpathians and Eastern Europe. Our results indicate the high conservation value of all stages of subalpine grassland succession for the indigenous biodiversity of Transylvania. To prevent losses of characteristic species, we suggest a rotational grassland management program that maintains different successional stages. 相似文献
40.
Heinrich MC Corless CL Duensing A McGreevey L Chen CJ Joseph N Singer S Griffith DJ Haley A Town A Demetri GD Fletcher CD Fletcher JA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,299(5607):708-710
Most gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) have activating mutations in the KIT receptor tyrosine kinase, and most patients with GISTs respond well to Gleevec, which inhibits KIT kinase activity. Here we show that approximately 35% (14 of 40) of GISTs lacking KIT mutations have intragenic activation mutations in the related receptor tyrosine kinase, platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA). Tumors expressing KIT or PDGFRA oncoproteins were indistinguishable with respect to activation of downstream signaling intermediates and cytogenetic changes associated with tumor progression. Thus, KIT and PDGFRA mutations appear to be alternative and mutually exclusive oncogenic mechanisms in GISTs. 相似文献