Strain specificity of the immune response of pigs following vaccination with various strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

Mengeling WL  Lager KM  Vorwald AC  Koehler KJ 《Veterinary microbiology》2003,93(1):13-24

The primary objective of the study was to determine strain specificity of the immune response of pigs following vaccination with selected strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). The experimental design included five groups (I through V, six pigs per group) free of antibody for PRRSV at the beginning of the experiment (day 0). On day 0, groups III, IV, and V were vaccinated with attenuated versions of PRRSV strains 8, 9, and 14, respectively. On day 21, the immunity of group II (non-vaccinated/challenged controls) and groups III, IV, and V was challenged by exposing each pig to a composite of the virulent versions of these same three strains. On day 35, all pigs, including non-vaccinated/non-challenged pigs of group I, were necropsied. Lungs and selected lymph nodes were examined for lesions. Serum samples obtained at weekly intervals throughout the study and lung lavage fluids obtained at necropsy were tested for the presence of PRRSV and its strain identity. Before challenge the strain of PRRSV identified in the sera of vaccinated pigs was always that with which the particular pig had been vaccinated (i.e. homologous strain), whereas, with one exception, only heterologous strains were identified after challenge. This apparent strain exclusion as a result of vaccination was statistically significant (P = 0.004). The tendency for heterologous strains to predominate after challenge suggests that a pig's immune response to PRRSV has some degree of strain specificity. Whether this finding has any clinical relevance in regard to immunoprophylaxis remains to be determined.  相似文献   

A comparison of owner management and complications in 67 cats with esophagostomy and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding tubes     

Ireland LM  Hohenhaus AE  Broussard JD  Weissman BL 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2003,39(3):241-246

Esophagostomy feeding tubes were placed in 46 cats. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) feeding tubes were placed in 21 cats. Owner management and complications and facility of use were evaluated retrospectively by review of medical records and owner survey. Both tube types were equally effective for maintenance of body weight, ease of owner management, and complication rates. All of 12 owners surveyed were comfortable with PEG tube management. Ninety-six percent of 24 owners surveyed were comfortable with esophagostomy tube management. The esophagostomy tube can be placed less invasively, without specialized equipment, making it an excellent alternative to the PEG tube.  相似文献   

Use of low doses of ketamine administered by constant rate infusion as an adjunct for postoperative analgesia in dogs     

Wagner AE  Walton JA  Hellyer PW  Gaynor JS  Mama KR 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2002,221(1):72-75

OBJECTIVE: To compare indicators of postoperative pain and behavior in dogs with and without a low-dose ketamine infusion added to usual perioperative management. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, blinded clinical study. ANIMALS: 27 dogs undergoing forelimb amputation. PROCEDURE: Dogs were anesthetized with glycopyrrolate, morphine, propofol, and isoflurane. Thirteen dogs were treated with ketamine IV, as follows: 0.5 mg/kg (0.23 mg/lb) as a bolus before surgery, 10 microg/kg/min (4.5 microg/lb/min) during surgery, and 2 microg/kg/min (0.9 microg/lb/min) for 18 hours after surgery. Fourteen dogs received the same volume of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. All dogs received an infusion of fentanyl (1 to 5 microg/kg/h [0.45 to 2.27 pg/lb/h]) for the first 18 hours after surgery. Dogs were evaluated for signs of pain before surgery, at the time of extubation, and 1, 2, 3, 4, 12, and 18 hours after extubation. Owners evaluated their dogs' appetite, activity, and wound soreness on postoperative days 2, 3, and 4. RESULTS: Dogs that received ketamine infusions had significantly lower pain scores 12 and 18 hours after surgery and were significantly more active on postoperative day 3 than dogs that received saline solution infusions. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that perioperative administration of low doses of ketamine to dogs may augment analgesia and comfort in the postoperative surgical period.  相似文献   

Editorial: Oxyglobin: A Transfusion Solution?     

Hohenhaus AE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2002,16(4):394-395

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Chronic moderate heat dermatitis (erythema ab igne) in five dogs,three cats and one silvered langur     

Walder EJ  Hargis AM 《Veterinary dermatology》2002,13(5):283-292

Erythema ab igne, an old and rare disease in the human literature, is an erythematous, often pigmented, reticular, macular dermatosis that occurs at the site of repeated exposure to moderate heat. We identified lesions consistent with erythema ab igne in five dogs, three cats and one silvered langur (Trachypithecus cristatus[Raffles, 1821]). In dogs and cats, the cutaneous lesion distribution typically reflected chronic exposure to moderate heat during lateral or sternal recumbency. The silvered langur developed cutaneous lesions on the dorsal neck from exposure to a heat lamp. Principal clinical lesions consisted of irregular areas of alopecia (7/9) and erythema (7/9), sometimes with hyperpigmentation (3/9). Principal histological features consisted of karyomegaly (9/9) and keratinocyte atypia (4/9), scattered apoptotic or vacuolated basal cells and/or apoptotic keratinocytes (6/9), mild mixed mononuclear interstitial or interface dermatitis (9/9) with adnexal atrophy (8/9), and a variable number of wavy eosinophilic elastic fibres (9/9). The presence of these cutaneous lesions in an animal indicates that the environment should be evaluated for exposure to chronic moderate heat, and the heat source should be eliminated or modified to prevent further exposure and progression of lesions.  相似文献   

Egg binding in a cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus).     

Leigh Ann Clayton  Tracey K Ritzman 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice》2006,9(3):511-518

A 6-year-old cockatiel was diagnosed with egg binding based on clinical signs, physical examination findings, radiographs, and lack of oviposition. Medical management failed to induce oviposition, and surgical salpingotomy was used to remove the egg from the oviduct. Sterile egg yolk peritonitis was diagnosed based on histology. Postoperative management with leuprolide acetate and husbandary changes successfully prevented egg production for at least 2.5 months after the event.  相似文献   

Biosecurity and arable use of manure and biowaste — Treatment alternatives     

Ann Albihn  Bjrn Vinners 《Livestock Science》2007,112(3):232-239

The potential negative environmental impact of manure and biological waste (BW) can be minimised at a profit by recycling plant nutrients in the food chain. Current large-scale livestock production, epizootic diseases and increasing globalisation increase the need for biosecurity, to minimise the risk of disease transmission to the food chain. Arable use of manure and BW can inadvertently spread infectious diseases; opinion differs concerning the risk levels. To obtain general acceptance for arable use, a hygienically safe end-product is needed. This paper provides a detailed discussion of treatment alternatives for co-treatment, i.e., mixture before treatment of manure and BW. Composting, anaerobic digestion and ammonia treatment are the three options given. A decision support tool is also presented and discussed. Suitable treatment methods must combine biosecurity aspects with environmental, economic and nutrient recycling aspects to create a beneficial whole-farm approach.  相似文献   

Measuring consumer response to ‘Gala’ apples treated with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP)     

Anna B. Marin  Ann E. Colonna  Koei Kudo  Eugene M. Kupferman  James P. Mattheis 《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2009,51(1):73-79

Post-harvest apple treatment with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) was previously found to inhibit fruit ripening but also to inhibit the production of volatile compounds that contribute to apple flavor. The first objective of this study was to determine if consumers could distinguish 1-MCP treated and untreated Gala apples [Malus sylvestris L. (Mill.) var. domestica Borkh. Mansf.] following long-term storage. Chemical analysis showed 1-MCP treated fruit had reduced flavor volatiles compared to untreated fruit. Consumer difference tests showed they could distinguish between 1-MCP treated and untreated fruit. A second objective was to compare consumers’ acceptance for 1-MCP treated to untreated apples. Both 1-MCP treated and untreated apples received high overall liking scores that were not significantly different. Equal numbers of consumers indicated preference for 1-MCP treated and untreated fruit and there was no difference in purchase intent. However, subsets of consumers who eat Gala, Fuji or Red Delicious apples showed preference for untreated over 1-MCP treated fruit compared to consumers who do not eat these varieties.  相似文献   

Prevalence of thermophilic Campylobacter species in Swedish dogs and characterization of C. jejuni isolates     

Mia Holmberg  Thomas Rosendal  Eva O Engvall  Anna Ohlson  Ann Lindberg 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2015,57(1)

Background

The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of Campylobacter species in Swedish dogs, to identify the species of the Campylobacter isolates and to genotype the C. jejuni isolates. Young and healthy dogs were targeted and the sampling was performed at 11 veterinary clinics throughout Sweden from October 2011 to October 2012. Faecal swab samples were collected and sent to the laboratory at the National Veterinary Institute (SVA) for isolation of Campylobacter, speciation and genotyping.

Results

Campylobacter spp. were isolated from 67 of the 180 sampled dogs which yields an overall prevalence of 37%. The most prevalent species of Campylobacter among the participating dogs was C. upsaliensis with 52 of the 67 identified isolates. A lower prevalence was observed for C. jejuni with seven identified isolates and one isolate was identified as C. helveticus. Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) was carried out on the seven C. jejuni isolates and all sequence types that were found are also commonly found in humans. The dogs were divided into three age groups; 1) under 12 months, 2) 12 to 23 months and 3) 24 months and older. The highest prevalence was found in the two younger age groups. Dogs shedding C. jejuni were between 3–12 months of age while dogs shedding C. upsaliensis were found in all ages.

Conclusions

The present investigation finds that Campylobacter spp. known to cause campylobacteriosis in humans are present in Swedish dogs. The results suggest an age predisposition where dogs under 2 years of age are more likely to shed Campylobacter spp. than older dogs. The most commonly isolated species was C. upsaliensis followed by C. jejuni, which was only detected in dogs up to 12 months of age. All C. jejuni isolates identified in the present study were of the same MLST types that have previously been described both in humans and in animals. The awareness of the Campylobacter risk of healthy young dogs may be an important way to reduce the transmission from dogs to infants, young children and immunocompromised adults.  相似文献   

兼顾面积属性与不确定性信息的样本点权重调整方法     

李安娜  马庆伟  董士伟  周鹏娜  李西灿  刘玉 《农业机械学报》2023,54(5):219-226

样本点权重调整是遥感分类精度评价中样本点空间分配的关键环节。以北京市顺义区精度评价样本点为例,提出了一种兼顾面积属性与不确定性信息的样本点权重调整方法——模糊调整权重法,用于布设精度评价样本点。首先,构建用于表达不确定性信息的模糊中和指数及其权重,融合模糊中和指数权重和面积权重构建模糊调整权重,并计算各个分层的模糊调整权重结果,完成样本点特征空间分配;其次,设置不同梯度样本点集,结合平均最短距离最小化准则和空间模拟退火算法实现样本点地理空间优化布设;最后,构建权重调整效果评价指标,进行模糊调整权重效果评价,并与其他权重调整方法和未进行权重调整的布点方法进行对比分析。结果表明：顺义区不确定性大、中、小的层模糊调整权重分别为0.45、0.37、0.18,与面积权重相比,不确定性大的层权重显著增加、中层权重稍微增加、小层权重明显降低;5个不同数据集样本点权重调整的精度评价总体精度、相对精度、均方根误差和标准偏差结果分别为69.90%～73.48%、96.28%～99.82%、0.01和0.01;模糊调整权重布点方法评价效果优于面积权重、模糊中和指数权重、不确定性空间分层权重布点方法,以及空间...  相似文献