基于线粒体基因cyt b和COI的莺科部分鸟类系统发育          下载免费PDF全文

雷忻  尹祚华  廉振民  陈存根  戴传银  雷富民 《中国鸟类》2010,1(3)

雀形目(Passeriformes)莺科(Sylviidae)鸟类广泛分布于旧大陆,该科许多种类的系统发育关系一直存在争议.本研究采用分子系统学方法,对莺科11属37种鸟类的cyt b全基因序列和COI部分基因序列进行系统发育分析,构建TML和Bayesian系统发育树.结果显示,柳莺属(Phylloscopus)并非单系发生,(鹟)莺属(Seicercus)可能是其同类或其属下的一个类群;在柳莺属内,乌嘴柳莺(P.magnirostris)与极北柳莺(P. borealis)亲缘关系较近;黄腰柳莺(P.proregulus)、云南柳莺(P.yunnanensis)、橙斑翅柳莺(P. pulcher)及灰喉柳莺(P. maculipennis)亲缘关系较近;黄腹柳莺(P.occisinensis)、巨嘴柳莺(P.schwarzi)、棕眉柳莺(P. armandii)、叽喳柳莺(P. collybita)及褐柳莺(P.fuscatus)亲缘关系较近;树莺属(Cettia)并非单系发生,与拟鹅莺属(Abroscopus)和地莺属(Tesia)聚在一起;大苇莺属(Acrocephalus)为单性系;此外,林莺属(Sylvia)与绣眼鸟属(Zosterops)的亲缘关系、以及鹪莺属(Prinia)、缝叶莺属(Orthotomus)及扇尾莺属(Cisticola)三者间的亲缘关系也被支持.  相似文献   

The Advantages of Combining Low‐Density Lipoproteins with Glutamine for Cryopreservation of Canine Semen     

D Bencharif  L Amirat  O Pascal  M Anton  E Schmitt  S Desherces  G Delhomme  M‐L Langlois  P Barrière  M Larrat  D Tainturier 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(2):189-200

Twenty sperm samples from five dogs were frozen in liquid nitrogen at ?196°C in 16 different media, two control media containing 20% egg yolk and 6% low‐density lipoproteins (LDL); 10 test media containing 6% LDL (the active cryoprotective ingredient of chicken egg yolk) combined with 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100 mmol of glutamine respectively at 4%, 5%, 7%, and 8% LDL. Following thawing, sperm mobility was assessed using an image analyser, HAMILTON THORN CERROS 12. The percentage of mobile spermatozoa was 62.05% in the 6% LDL + 20 mmol glutamine medium compared with 48.90% in the egg yolk‐based medium (p < 0.05) or 57.55% for the 6% LDL medium (p < 0.05). Furthermore, in most cases, the motility parameters (average path velocity, curvilinear velocity, straight line velocity) in the 6% LDL + 20 mmol glutamine medium, were superior, to a statistically significant extent, to those in the control media. Finally, the 6% LDL + 20 mmol glutamine combination provides spermatozoa with better protection during freezing than egg yolk or the 6% LDL medium alone in terms of acrosome integrity (fluorescein isothiocyanate–Pisum sativum agglutinin test: p < 0.05), the flagellar plasma membrane (hypo‐osmotic test: p < 0.05 for 6% LDL), the DNA (acridine orange test; no significant difference) and the integrity of the acrosome (Spermac^® test: no significant difference).  相似文献   

Isolation,partial identification and application of diazotrophic rhizobacteria from traditional Indian rice cultivars     

Bhavanath Jha  Mukund C. Thakur  Iti Gontia  Valerie Albrecht  Marion Stoffels  Michael Schmid  Anton Hartmann 《European Journal of Soil Biology》2009,45(1):62-72

A diversity of N₂-fixing (diazotrophic) bacteria was isolated from two traditional rice cultivars, Sataria and Kartiki, from the rice growing area of Mithila region of North Bihar, India, where low levels of nitrogen fertilizers are applied. Nitrogen-free semisolid media NFb, JMV and LGI with different carbon sources and pH-values were used for enrichment and isolation of root-associated diazotrophs. The colonization density of roots by diazotrophs, as estimated from positive pellicle formation at highest dilution in nitrogen-free enrichment media, was 10⁶–10⁸ diazotrophic bacteria per g fresh root weight. Roots of the cultivar Kartiki were found to be more densely colonized endophytically by diazotrophs as detected after chloramine T (1%) surface disinfection. To ascertain the phylogenetic affiliation of the isolates, phylogenetic oligonucleotide probes and the Fluorescent in situ Hybridization (FISH) technique were applied. Using group-specific rRNA directed oligonucleotide probes, the majority of the isolates could be identified as alpha-, beta-, or gamma-proteobacteria. Using 16S and 23S rRNA-directed genus- or species-specific probes, Herbaspirillum seropedicae, Azospirillum amazonense, Burkholderia cepacia/vietnamiensis, Rhizobia and Pseudomonas spp. were found to be the most prominent root associated culturable diazotrophs. Diazotrophic Gluconacetobacter spp. were also demonstrated as colonizers of rice roots. Burkholderia cenocepacia, Pseudomonas sp. and three diazotrophic PGPR reference strains were used for the inoculation of axenically grown rice seedlings to determine the plant growth promoting potential. Significant increases in the shoot length (up to 60%), shoot dry weight (up to 33%) and the grain yield (up to 26%) per plant were observed in non-axenic pot and field trials. Using semisolid enrichment media after surface sterilization of field grown inoculated rice roots and oligonucleotide probing of the diazotrophic enrichment cultures, a sustainable colonization with the inoculated bacteria could be demonstrated.  相似文献   

Estimation of leaf area index in cereal crops using red–green images     

Kristian Kirk  Hans Jrgen Andersen  Anton G. Thomsen  Johannes R. Jrgensen  Rasmus N. Jrgensen 《Biosystems Engineering》2009,104(3):308-317

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Chemical Characterization of Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) Collagen Hydrolyzed Using Enzyme Preparation Derived from Red King Crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) and Its Potential as a Core Component of Bacterial Culture Medium     

Vitaliy Yu. Novikov  Nadezhda V. Shumskaya  Vyacheslav A. Mukhin  Konstantin V. Zolotarev  Anton N. Mikhailov  Valeriya I. Nakhod  Marina V. Mikhailova 《Marine drugs》2021,19(8)

The Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) processing wastes are massive and unutilized in the Murmansk region of Russia. The samples of skin-containing waste of Atlantic cod fillets production were hydrolyzed using enzyme preparations derived from red king crab hepatopancreases, porcine pancreases, and Bacillus subtilis bacteria. The activity of enzymes from crab hepatopancreases was significantly higher than the activity of enzymes derived from other sources. The optimal conditions of the hydrolysis process have been figured out. The samples of cod processing waste hydrolysate were analyzed for amino acid composition and molecular weight distribution. The samples of hydrolysate were used as core components for bacterial culture medium samples. The efficiency of the medium samples was tested for Escherichia coli growth rate; the most efficient sample had an efficiency of 95.3% of that of a commercially available medium based on fish meal. Substitution of medium components with those derived from industrial by-products is one of the ways to decrease a cost of a culture medium in biopharmaceutical drug production.  相似文献   

Virulence phenotypes of Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei in South Africa     

Antonín Dreiseitl  Evsey Kosman 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2013,136(1):113-121

Virulence analysis of 224 isolates of Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (barley powdery mildew) from South Africa was performed. The isolates were collected from eight fields and a greenhouse in 2004 and 2007. The isolates were tested for virulence on a set of 20 differential varieties. All isolates were virulent on the resistance genes Mla8 and Ml(Ch) and avirulent for the resistance genes Mla3, Mla6, Mla7, Mla9, Mla13, Mla23, Mlp1 and MlaN81. Virulence frequencies of field isolates for the resistance genes Mla12 + MlaEm2, Mlat, Mla22, Mlk1 and Mlh were 52.9–99.5 % and for Mla1 + MlaAl2, MlLa, Mlra, Mlg + MlCP and Ml(Ru2) were 0.5–23.5 %. In total, 46 pathotypes were detected in the field and seven other pathotypes in the greenhouse. Only nine pathotypes were found in both years, but they included 61.8 % of the isolates. The predominant pathotype represented 15.9 % of the isolates, and was the only one common to all three field populations. The average relative virulence complexity per field isolate increased from 0.405 in 2004 to 0.486 in 2007. Two powdery mildew metapopulations in geographically distant and separated areas (North West and Western Cape) were deduced. The South African population of Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei had unique virulence frequencies and virulence associations when compared to populations from other parts of the world.  相似文献   

Long-term clinical and radiographic results after lag screw ostheosynthesis of short incomplete proximal sagittal fractures of the proximal phalanx in horses not used for racing     

Marco F. Bryner DVM  Seamus E. Hoey MVB  DECVDI  DACVR  MRCVS  Stéphane Montavon Dr med vet  Anton E. Fürst Dr med vet  DECVS  Jan M. Kümmerle Dr med vet  PhD  DECVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2020,49(1):88-95

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Transfer of carbon incubation parameters to model the SOC and SON dynamics of a field trial with energy crops applying digestates as organic fertilizers     

S. Anton A. Gasser  Kerstin Nielsen  Uwe Franko 《Soil Use and Management》2023,39(1):342-356

The fertilization with organic amendments and digestates from biogas plants is increasingly used to increase carbon stock and to improve the soil quality, but little is still known about their long-term effects. A common method to analyse organic amendments and their mineralization is incubation experiments, where amendments get incubated with soil while CO₂ release is measured over time. In a previous study, carbon models have been applied to model the carbon dynamics of incubation experiments. The derived parameters describing the carbon turnover of the CCB model (CANDY Carbon Balance) are used to simulate the SOC and SON dynamics of a long-term field trial. The trial was conducted in Berge (Germany) where organic amendments like slurry, farmyard manure or digestates were systematically applied. To grant a higher model flexibility, the amounts of crop residues were calculated for roots and stubble separately. Furthermore, the mineralization dynamics of roots and stubble are considered by the model parameters for each crop. The model performance is compared when using the dry matter and carbon content received from the field trial and the incubation experiments, to evaluate the transferability. The results show that the incubation parameters are transferable to the field site, with rRMSE < 10% for the modelled SOC and rRMSE between 10% and 15% for the SON dynamics. This approach can help to analyse long-term effects of unexplored and unusual organic fertilizers under field conditions, whereat the model is used to upscale the C dynamics from incubation experiments, considering environmental conditions.  相似文献   

Simulating the soil phosphorus dynamics of four long-term field experiments with a novel phosphorus model     

S. Anton A. Gasser  Kerstin Nielsen  Bettina Eichler-Löbermann  Martin Armbruster  Ines Merbach  Uwe Franko 《Soil Use and Management》2023,39(2):867-880

Phosphorus is a nonrenewable resource, which is required for crop growth and to maintain high yields. The soil P cycle is very complex, and new model approaches can lead to a better understanding of those processes and further guide to research gaps. The objective of this study was to present a P-submodel, which has been integrated in the existing Carbon Candy Balance (CCB) model that already comprises a C and N module. The P-module is linked to the C mineralization and the associated C-pools via the C/P ratio of fresh organic material. Besides the organic P cycling, the module implies a plant-available P-pool (P_av), which is in a dynamic equilibrium with the nonavailable P-pool (P_na) that comprises the strongly sorbed and occluded P fraction. The model performance was tested and evaluated on four long-term field experiments with mineral P fertilization, farmyard manure as organic fertilizer and control plots without fertilization. The C dynamics and the P_av dynamics were modelled with overall good results. The relative RMSE for the C was below 10% for all treatments, while the relative RMSE for P_av was below 15% for most treatments. To accommodate for the rather small variety of available P-models, the presented CNP-model is designed for agricultural field sites with a relatively low data input, namely air temperature, precipitation, soil properties, yields and management practices. The CNP-model offers a low entry threshold model approach to predict the C-N and now the P dynamics of agricultural soils.  相似文献   

Über die Wasserbeständigkeit der Bodenkrümel,besonders in Abhängigkeit von Zeit und Bodenfeuchtigkeit: II. Mitteilung: Über die Veränderungender stabilen Krümelanteile in Abhängigkeit von der Bodenfeuchtigkeit     

Anton Kullmann 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(1):9-26

In Gefäß‐ und Inkubationsversuchen wurde die Wirkung steigender teerhaltiger Zusätze auf das Pflanzenwachstum von Gartenkresse (Lepidium sativum L.) sowie das Abbauverhalten dieses Substrates geprüft. Es zeigte sich eine nachteilige Beeinflussung der Pflanzenentwicklung, deren Ausmaß durch die Höhe des Teersubstratzusatzes bestimmt war. Zur Aufklärung des Ursachenkomplexes werden als wesentliche Faktoren flüchtige organische Kohlenwasserstoffe, N‐Immobilisierung und O₂‐Mangel, induziert durch die einsetzende starke CO₂‐Entwicklung, diskutiert.  相似文献