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21.
Ebadi Arash Raja Omid Ebrahimian Hamed Yazdani Mohammad Reza Rezaverdinejad Vahid 《Paddy and Water Environment》2022,20(1):137-150
Paddy and Water Environment - One of the common irrigation systems in the paddy fields is field-to-field irrigation. The management of these irrigation systems is difficult and essential because of... 相似文献
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Arash Mohammadzadeh Mojtaba Tavakoli Mohammad Reza Chaichi Babak Motesharezadeh 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(12):1765-1778
The effect of bacteria inoculation was studied on sunflower growth and phytoremediation capacity in soils contaminated by different levels of nickel. The experimental treatments consisted of four levels of bacteria inoculation – non-inoculated, inoculated by Bacillus safensis, inoculated by Kocuria rosea, and co-inoculated by B. safensis + K. rosea – and four levels of nickel concentrations in the soil – Ni0, Ni150, Ni300, and Ni450 (0, 150, 300, and 450 mg Ni per kg soil, respectively). The treatments were arranged as factorial structure based on a completely randomized design. Results have shown that growth indices, photosynthetic pigments, shoot Fe concentration, root and shoot Zn concentration, and translocation factor decreased as the Ni concentration in soil increased. Shoot and root Ni concentration were higher at Ni450, whereas, the highest Ni uptake by the plant was observed at Ni300 when the sunflower seed was co-inoculated by B. safensis + K. rosea bacteria. Bacteria inoculation significantly increased the plant growth, photosynthetic pigments, and Ni uptake. By B. safensis inoculation, the Fe concentration significantly increased in shoot, while it decreased in root. 相似文献
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Arash Mohammadzadeh Mojtaba Tavakoli Babak Motesharezadeh Mohammad Reza Chaichi 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2017,63(6):807-816
This paper describes the effect of plant growth-promoting bacteria on sunflower growth and its phytoremediation efficiency under Cd-contaminated soils. Four levels of bacteria inoculation (non-inoculation, inoculation by Bacillus safensis, Kocuria rosea and co-inoculation by Bacillus safensis+Kocuria rosea) and four Cd concentrations (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg Cd per kg soil) were arranged as factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design (CRD). Results showed that Cd significantly decreased growth by decreasing the shoot and root length and biomass (p < 0.01). In addition, Cd dramatically decreases photosynthetic pigments, Fe transport to shoot and Zn uptake (p < 0.01). Bacterial inoculation increased Fe and Zn uptake by plants, Cd concentration in the aboveground part of plants and Cd uptake by the enhancement of Cd concentration in plant tissue and biomass production. Results showed that the highest shoot Cd uptake was ?observed in ?inoculated plants by Bacillus safensis at Cd100 (20.35 mg pot?1). However, in average of Cd treatments, the performance of co-inoculation in Cd uptake (13.04 mg pot?1) was better than singular inoculation (10.68 and 12.58 mg pot?1 for Bacillus safensis and Kocuria rosea, respectively). Results revealed that bacterial inoculation increased the Cd uptake performance in shoot and total biomass by 30% and 25%, respectively. 相似文献
24.
Farhangi A Akbarzadeh A Mehrabi MR Chiani M Saffari Z Ghassemi S Kheiri M Bashar R 《Pakistan journal of biological sciences: PJBS》2010,13(21):1047-1051
One of the sensitive and standard tests to control the safety of a vaccine is the inoculation of such vaccine to the air pocket of Lohmann specific pathogen free eggs. The aim of this study is to control the safety of morphine vaccine. This study reveals the safety of morphine vaccine by employing Lohmann specific pathogen free embryo eggs. The changeable parameters in this test were: weight of eggs, safety of eggs embryo, vaccine concentration, normal saline and temperature of the incubator. To study, the safety of morphine vaccine, we used 30 eggs (after controlling the safety of eggs and their embryos) which were divided into two groups of control (15 eggs) and test (15 eggs). After weighing the eggs, the eggs under experiment were inoculated with morphine vaccine and the control group was inoculated with physiological solution. Both groups were incubated and weight of the eggs and chickens were determined accordingly. The eggs of each group were controlled by their weights showing healthy, normal growth and evolution. The comparison between the weights of control and experimental groups did not show any significant changes. Exactly growth and evolution of each group were found equally to be balancing for three weeks after injection. Finally all eggs were observed to be safe, alive and in evolutionary form. By comparing the growth and evolution amongst each egg in the group under experiment, after injection, the eggs did not show any adverse reaction after inoculation with therapeutic human morphine vaccine. 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common forms of cancers in the world and is curable if diagnosed at the early stage. Analysis of DNA extracted from stool specimens is a recent advantage to cancer diagnostics. Many protocols have been recommended for DNA extraction from stool, and almost all of them are difficult and time consuming, dealing with high amount of toxic materials like phenol. Their results vary due to sample collection method and further purification treatment. In this study, an easy and rapid method was optimized for isolating the human DNA with reduced PCR inhibitors present in stool. METHODS: Fecal samples were collected from 10 colonoscopy-negative adult volunteers and 10 patients with CRC. Stool (1 g) was extracted using phenol/chloroform based protocol. The amplification of P53 exon 9 was examined to evaluate the extraction efficiency for human genomic targets and also compared its efficiency with Machiels et al. and Ito et al. protocols. RESULTS: The amplification of exon 9 of P53 from isolated fecal DNA was possible in most cases in 35 rounds of PCR using no additional purification procedure for elimination of the remaining inhibitors. CONCLUSION: A useful, rapid and easy protocol for routine extraction of DNA from stool was introduced and compared with two previous protocols. 相似文献
27.
Soudabeh Moradi Arash Moradi Vahid Atabaigi Elmi Mohammad Reza Abdollahi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2021,105(6):1113-1126
The effects of corn particle size and dietary fibre on the performance, coefficient of apparent ileal digestibility (CAID) and intestinal characteristics in broiler starters fed pelleted diets were studied. The experiment included 10 treatments arranged as a 2 × 5 factorial with two corn particle sizes (GMD of 1071 [CGC] vs. 534 [FGC]) and five diets that consisted in a low-fibre diet and four extra diets resulting from the inclusion of insoluble fibre sources (10 g/kg of lignocellulose (LC), and 30 g/kg of oat hulls; OH, rice hulls; RH, and sunflower hulls; SFH). In coarse grinding, all-fibre sources improved body weight gain and feed intake compared to the control diet (p < 0.01). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) improved with fibre supplementation (p < 0.01) and fine grinding of corn (FGC) (p < 0.01). Coarse grinding of corn (CGC) and inclusion of RH, SFH and OH reduced gizzard pH (p < 0.01). Fibre inclusion increased ileal fat and Ca digestibility (p < 0.01), gizzard weight (p < 0.01), digesta transit time (p < 0.01) and length of duodenum and small intestine (p < 0.01). The CAID of phosphorus increased in CGC fed birds and inclusion of RH, SFH and OH (p < 0.05). The weight of gizzard, proventriculus and pancreas (p < 0.01) was greater in CGC fed birds. Feeding SFH, RH and OH (p < 0.01), and CGC (p < 0.01) increased the villus height (VH) of the duodenum. The OH, RH and SFH supplementation increased the caecal population of Lactobacillus spp. and total anaerobic bacteria (p < 0.01) only in FGC fed birds. Overall, birds fed pelleted diets containing RH, OH and SFH (3%) exhibited improved performance, and increased nutrient digestibility, which may be caused by developed gizzards and intestine. Furthermore, coarse grinding of corn is beneficial to gizzard development. 相似文献
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Kheirodin Arash Cárcamo Héctor A. Sharanowski Barbara J. Costamagna Alejandro C. 《Journal of pest science》2022,95(3):1091-1110
The indirect effect of seminatural habitats on pest suppression has been widely studied in agricultural landscapes. By contrast, the role of crop diversity on pest suppression by predators has seldom been explored, particularly using molecular gut-content analysis (MGCA). In addition, differences between early- and late-season effects of landscape complexity on pest control, crucial to ensure season-long control, have received little attention. During 2014 and 2015, we investigated the effect of agricultural landscape complexity and crop diversity on cereal leaf beetle (CLB, Oulema melanoplus) predation early in the season using sentinel egg cards and late in the season by assessing larval predation using MGCA. Early-season CLB egg predation and late-season abundance of Nabis americoferus and coccinellids in wheat fields were positively correlated with amount of woodland habitat in these landscapes. Contrary to our predictions, crop diversity had negative associations with the late-season frequency of larval predation and the abundance of N. americoferus. Predator diversity and the abundance of Hippodamia lady beetles had negative associations with CLB abundance, highlighting the significant contribution of some generalist predators to CLB suppression. Our results suggest that the proportion of woodland and a few major crops (e.g., canola and non-cereal crops), rather than crop diversity, are associated with higher predation at different temporal scales. Overall, our results suggest that a habitat management strategy could be implemented to adjust the crop rotation regime to add the right kind of crop diversity in the landscape to support the natural control of CLB.
相似文献29.
The specific surface area (SSA) of a soil is crucial for the interface of ions and water molecules with the soil particles. Therefore, many physical and chemical properties of a soil are determined using its total SSA. Measurement of SSA is time-consuming and laborious, and its estimation using pedotransfer functions is therefore preferred. The objectives of this study were to: (1) analyze the pore–solid interface fractal dimension (D) in soils with different textures from thesouthern part of Iran using estimated improved particle-size distribution (PSD) from the soil primary particles, i.e. clay, silt and sand; (2) develop a multivariate pedotransfer function to estimate D based on PSD; and (3) develop a multivariate pedotransfer function to link the values of D to the SSA. As a result, two pedotransfer functions are presented for estimation of D and SSA. To estimate SSA, the value of D is first obtained using the presented pedotransfer function and these estimated D values are then used in another pedotransfer function to estimate SSA. The pedotransfer functions were validated and it is concluded that they are able to predict the values of D and SSA accurately. 相似文献
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Nine pedons and 30 surface samples were taken, described, and analyzed to investigate the effect of desertification on soil quality indices, mineralogical, and micromorphological properties of three regions (desert, semi-desert, non-desert) in central Iran. The results showed that moving from a non-desert to a desert area decreased soil quality indices such as organic matter (from 0.5% to 0.2 %) and microbial respiration (from 1.59 to 0.11 mgCO2 g?1 soil). By contrast, increases were recorded for bulk density (1.2 to 1.9 Mg m?3) and soil salinity (5 to 19 dS m?1). Soil in the non-desert area had a sandy texture that led to good drainage conditions, while soil in the desert area had a clayey texture that led to poor drainage conditions. The mineralogical assemblage of the soil was approximately the same for all the three areas, with illite and chlorite being the main minerals. Kaolinite and smectite were present in lower concentrations. The micromorphological evidence showed that the main microstructure of the non-desert region was granular, probably because of the higher organic matter content in this area. In the desert region, platy structure was abundant. Overall, a more thorough perception of the desertification process was gained by studying its impact on soil properties. 相似文献