Occurrence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in Dasyprocta aguti from Brazil: comparison of diagnostic techniques     

Soares HS  Minervino AH  Barrêto-Júnior RA  Neves KA  Oliveira MF  Santos JR  van Sauers AR  Dubey JP  Gennari SM 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2011,42(4):763-765

In this study, the occurrence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in Brazilian agouti (Dasyprocta aguti) was compared by modified agglutination test (MAT) and indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) using anti-capybara conjugate. Sera from 109 animals were tested using MAT (1:25 cut-off) and IFAT (1:16 cut-off); 19% were positive by MAT, and 18% were positive by IFAT. Overall, the 17 IFAT-positive samples were also positive for MAT. The four positive MAT samples with a titer < or = 200 were IFAT negative. All negative samples obtained by MAT matched with the results of the IFAT. Comparing both tests, and considering MAT as the gold standard, the sensitivity of IFAT was 81%, the specificity was 100%, the accuracy was 97%, the positive predictive value (PPV) was 100%, and the negative predictive value 96%. The kappa value agreement was 87.3% (75.1-99.6%). The anti-capybara conjugate can be successfully used to perform IFAT in Brazilian agouti with maximum specificity and PPV.  相似文献   

Kinematic analysis of equine masticatory movements: comparison before and after routine dental treatment     

Simhofer H  Niederl M  Anen C  Rijkenhuizen A  Peham C 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2011,190(1):49-54

The objective of this study was to compare masticatory movements before and after dental treatment using kinematic analysis. The masticatory movements of 15 adult Warmblood horses with mild dental pathology chewing standardised hay were recorded on three consecutive days before and three times after (days 7, 21, 28) dental correction. The results of the leading mandibular tracking marker, located at the caudal edge of the inter-mandibular suture, were compared statistically. Reproducibility of measurements prior to dental treatment was excellent (P<0.05). Rostrocaudal mandibular motion was significantly reduced after dental correction (9±2mm vs. 8±2mm; P=0.046). Oscillations during the power stroke were significantly reduced after dental correction (R(2)=98.3%±0.3 vs. 98.8%±0.3; P=0.050). Although significant changes were observed in individual horses, the overall results of lateral and dorsoventral mandibular motion did not reveal significant differences. In conclusion, kinematic analysis of masticatory movements provided reproducible results and may be useful to evaluate changed movement patterns following dental correction.  相似文献   

Unilateral and bilateral laparoscopic ovariectomy in 157 mares: a retrospective multicenter study     

Röcken M  Mosel G  Seyrek-Intas K  Seyrek-Intas D  Litzke F  Verver J  Rijkenhuizen AB 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2011,40(8):1009-1014

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Diagnosis and treatment of blastomycosis affecting the nose and nasopharynx of a dog     

Wehner A  Crochik S  Howerth EW  Koenig A 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2008,233(7):1112-1116

CASE DESCRIPTION: A 2-year-old 38.9-kg (85.58-lb) sexually intact male German Shepherd Dog was examined because of a 4-month history of severe nasal swelling and nasal mucosa congestion. The signs were slowly progressive. CLINICAL FINDINGS: Physical examination revealed that the dorsal aspect of the dog's nose was swollen and hard. Mucous membranes in both nostrils were hyperemic and edematous. Diagnostic investigation revealed severe nasal osteolysis and pyogranulomatous rhinitis and nasopharyngitis attributable to blastomycosis. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: Oral administration of itraconazole was initiated (5 mg/kg [2.27 mg/lb], q 12 h for 5 days and then q 24 h). After a treatment period of 3 months, the nose had regained its normal appearance. After 5 months of treatment, the Blastomyces infection was eliminated as confirmed by results of rhinoscopy and biopsy specimen examination. No relapse was evident within 1 year after discontinuation of treatment. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In dogs, nasal and nasopharyngeal blastomycosis can result in severe osteolysis of the nasal bone. Resolution of disease can be achieved with oral administration of itraconazole for a period of at least 5 months.  相似文献   

The influence of a novel organ perfusion solution on early graft function in canine renal autotransplantation     

Polyak MM  Grosche A  Towl S  Morton AJ 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2008,37(4):383-389

Objective— To evaluate the influence of a kidney perfusion solution on early graft function in dogs.
Study Design— Experimental, randomized study.
Animals— Intact adult male mongrel dogs (n=12).
Methods— Dogs had renal autograft transplantation without ureteroneocystotomy with contralateral nephrectomy. Kidney graft flushing with a novel organ perfusion solution was compared with flushing with saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. Serum creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations were measured daily posttransplant for 7 days. Ultrasound-guided renal biopsy was performed on postoperative day 1 for electron microscopic evaluation. Dogs were euthanatized on day 7.
Results— All dogs completed the study. Cr and BUN concentrations of the saline group were significantly greater than the organ perfusion solution group on each postoperative day ( P =.01 for S Cr; P =.001 for BUN). Electron micrographs of nuclei and mitochondria from convoluted proximal tubule cells indicated profound ultrastructural disruptions in the saline group and mild ultrastructural disruptions in the organ perfusion solution group.
Conclusion— Flushing solution composition can influence early graft function in live donor kidney transplantation.
Clinical Relevance— Use of a specialized flushing solution can improve early graft function in canine kidney transplantation, independent of antigen-mediated events.  相似文献   

The effect of forest management on trace gas exchange at the pedosphere–atmosphere interface in beech (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Fagus sylvatica</Emphasis> L.) forests stocking on calcareous soils     

Michael Dannenmann  Rainer Gasche  Astrid Ledebuhr  Thomas Holst  Helmut Mayer  Hans Papen 《European Journal of Forest Research》2007,126(2):331-346

The effect of forest management (thinning) on in situ carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) trace gas exchange between soil and atmosphere was studied in three consecutive years at three beech forest sites, which differ in aspect [southwest (SW), northeast (NE), northwest (NW)]. At all sites adjacent thinning plots (“T”) and untreated control plots (“C”) were established. Measurements at the SW and NE sites covered the years 4–6 after thinning while at the NW site measurements covered the year before and the first 2 years after thinning. Mean N₂O fluxes were <3 μg N₂O–N m⁻² h⁻¹ at all plots except for the newly thinned NWT plot. CH₄ uptake was rather low, too. Very low CH₄ oxidation rates during dry periods are explained by physiological drought stress for CH₄ oxidizers. Heterotrophic litter decomposition constitutes the largest part of total soil respiration. On the whole, no significant positive or negative effects of the silvicultural treatment on the magnitude of CO₂-, CH₄- and N₂O-trace gas exchange could be observed at the SW site 4–6 years after thinning. Also at the NE site, no effects of thinning on CO₂ and N₂O fluxes could be demonstrated. However, at this site a significant moisture-induced lower CH₄ uptake could be shown. At the NW site forest management led to a dramatic increase in N₂O emissions in the first two summers after thinning and to distinct effects on CO₂ emissions and CH₄ uptake in the first year after the felling. The unambiguous effects of thinning at the NW site are mainly related to higher C input by dead residues leading to enhanced mineralization activity, to a shift in the competition for nutrients favoring microorganisms as compared to trees and to changes in the soil water availability at the thinned plot. Considering the data obtained from the NE and SW site we expect that with the development of an understorey vegetation at the NW site the observed effects on the magnitude of trace gas exchange due to thinning will continue to decline in the following years. Our results implicate that it is indispensable to take account of the effects of forest management in order to accurately calculate trace gas emission inventories for the investigated forest ecosystem in case thinning took place immediately before.  相似文献   

First evidence of acoustic communication in the pear psyllid Cacopsylla pyri L. (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)     

Eben  Astrid  Mühlethaler  Roland  Gross  Jürgen  Hoch  Hannelore 《Journal of pest science》2015,88(1):87-95

Journal of Pest Science - A number of species of the family Psyllidae, commonly called jumping plant lice, are economically important as vectors of pathogenic phytoplasmas in fruit crops. Pear...  相似文献   

Effects of retirement on lifestyle in relation to changes in weight and waist circumference in Dutch men: a prospective study     

Nooyens AC  Visscher TL  Schuit AJ  van Rossum CT  Verschuren WM  van Mechelen W  Seidell JC 《Public health nutrition》2005,8(8):1266-1274

OBJECTIVE: To study changes in lifestyle in relation to changes in body weight and waist circumference associated with occupational retirement in men. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study with 5 years of follow-up. At baseline and at follow-up, questionnaires were completed and body weight and waist circumference were measured. SETTING: The Doetinchem Cohort Study, consisting of inhabitants of Doetinchem, a town in a rural area of The Netherlands.Subjects: In total 288 healthy men aged 50-65 years at baseline, who either remained employed or retired over follow-up. RESULTS: The effect of retirement on changes in weight and waist circumference was dependent on type of former occupation. Increase in body weight and waist circumference was higher among men who retired from active jobs (0.42 kg year(-1) and 0.77 cm year(-1), respectively) than among men who retired from sedentary jobs (0.08 kg year(-1) and 0.23 cm year(-1), respectively). Weight gain and increase in waist circumference were associated with a decrease in fruit consumption and fibre density of the diet, with an increase in frequency of eating breakfast, and with a decrease in several physical activities, such as household activities, bicycling, walking and doing odd jobs. CONCLUSION: Retirement was associated with an increase in weight and waist circumference among those with former active jobs, but not among those with former sedentary jobs. Retirement may bring opportunities for healthy changes in diet and physical activity, which could be used in health promotion programmes.  相似文献   

Basal organic phosphorus mineralization in soils under different farming systems     

Fritz Oehl  Andreas Fliessbach  Astrid Oberson 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2004,36(4):667-675

Soil organic P (P_o) mineralization plays an important role in soil P cycling. Quantitative information on the release of available inorganic P (P_i) by this process is difficult to obtain because any mineralized P_i gets rapidly sorbed. We applied a new approach to quantify basal soil P_o mineralization, based on ³³PO₄ isotopic dilution during 10 days of incubation, in soils differing in microbiological activity. The soils originated from a 20 years old field experiment, including a conventional system receiving exclusively mineral fertilizers (MIN), a bio-organic (ORG) and bio-dynamic (DYN) system. Indicators of soil microbiological activity, such as size and activity of the soil microbial biomass and phosphatase activity, were highest in DYN and lowest in MIN. In order to assess P_o hydrolysis driven by phosphatase in sterile soils, a set of soil samples was γ-irradiated. Basal P_o mineralization rates in non-irradiated samples were between 1.4 and 2.5 mg P kg⁻¹ day⁻¹ and decreased in the order DYN>ORG≥MIN. This is an amount lower, approximately equivalent to, or higher than water soluble P_i of MIN, ORG and DYN soils, respectively, but in every soil was less than 10% of the amount of P isotopically exchangeable during one day. This shows that physico-chemical processes are more important than basal mineralization in releasing plant available P_i. Organic P mineralization rates were higher, and differences between soils were more pronounced in γ-irradiated than in non-irradiated soils, with mineralization rates ranging from 2.2 to 4.6 mg P kg⁻¹ day⁻¹. These rates of hydrolysis, however, cannot be compared to those in non-sterile soils as they are affected by the release of cellular compounds, e.g. easily mineralizable P_o, derived from microbial cells killed by γ-irradiation.  相似文献   

Rebaling of silage and haylage and its effects on forage microbial and chemical composition—A pilot study     

Cecilia E. Müller  Astrid Johansen 《Grass and Forage Science》2020,75(2):216-226

Use of big bale silage and haylage can be difficult on farms where daily forage consumption is comparatively low as speed of deterioration of forage after bale opening may be faster than feed-out rate. Production of smaller bales at harvest is possible, but expensive and work-intensive. Therefore, a pilot study of rebaling forage stored in big bales to smaller bales was conducted. Three separate experiments were included, where microbial and chemical composition of silage and haylage was studied before and after rebaling. In Experiment III, residual big bale forage stored and opened together with rebaled forage was included. Results showed that rebaled haylage and silage had higher yeast counts compared to initial forage; however, residual bales in Experiment III had yeast counts similar to rebaled forage, indicating an effect of storage time rather than of rebaling. In Experiment II, mould counts were higher in rebaled compared to initial silage, but not in haylage. Chemical composition was similar in initial and rebaled forage except for ammonia-N. In Experiment III, ammonia-N was higher in rebaled compared to initial and residual forage and was the only chemical variable affected by rebaling. Bale temperature during aerobic storage followed ambient temperature until day 6–8 in Experiment I and until day 14 in Experiment III where ambient temperature was lower. In conclusion, rebaling can be done without large changes in chemical composition of the forage, but yeast and mould counts may be higher in rebaled forage, and this risk should be considered when using this procedure.  相似文献