The raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in Germany--an established Neozoon as host and vector for parasites and other pathogenes     

Sutor A  Schwarz S  Conraths FJ 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2011,124(11-12):457-464

Some invasive wildlife species have the potential to act as additional host and vector species for parasitic and other infectious diseases. We used the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonides), a carnivore species that has its origin in Asia, as an example to demonstrate biological and ecological prerequisites which enables an invasive species to occupy a new habitat permanently. Studies conducted during the last ten years identified a total of 23 endoparasites, two ectoparasites, six bacterial or protozoan species and five viruses, found in the Nyctereutes procyonoides ussuriensis subspecies in its newly occupied range or in N. procyonoides koreensis in its original range. Results of studies in Finland and Germany furthermore showed that biological characteristics of the raccoon dog make this carnivore an appropriate host or vector for a variety of parasites and infectious diseases. This may result in a growing importance of this invasive carnivore for the epidemiology of transmissible diseases in Germany. Especially with regard to zoonotic disease outbreaks, the raccoon dog should therefore be paid more attention in disease prevention and eradication strategies.  相似文献   

Effect of Calcium Foliar Application on the Characteristics of Blueberry Fruit during Storage     

Rosemarie Stückrath  Roberto Quevedo  Lucía de la Fuente  Astrid Hernández  Viviana Sepúlveda 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(5):849-866

ABSTRACT

Effect of calcium (Ca) foliar application on blueberry fruit characteristics during storage was investigated. Calcium applications began 28 d after flowering, two levels (3.9 g Ca^{2 +} and 39 g Ca^{2 +}) and a control without calcium were used (0.0; 3.0, and 30 mL L^?1). The fruits were harvested on day 103 and were stored for 56 d at 2 ± 1°C. At harvest time the fruits had a significant statistical different concentration, which were maintained until the last day of storage. The fruit from the 30 mL L^?1 treatment was the highest. The lowest texture levels are found with the treatment without calcium, which shows a statistically significant change from storage day 29. The LMP percentage did not varied in the fruit from the treatment with 30 mL L^?1, but did in the fruit without calcium. Hunter L, b, and the index chromes were influenced by the applied calcium levels, significantly greater at 30 mL L^?1; and by the time of storage in the fruits with treatment of 30 mL L^?1.  相似文献   

Effect of Foliar Application of Calcium on the Quality of Blueberry Fruits     

Rosemarie Stückrath  Roberto Quevedo  Lucía de la Fuente  Astrid Hernández  Viviana Sepúlveda 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(7):1299-1312

Effect of foliar application of calcium (0.78 g, 4.68 g, and 7.8 g Ca^{2 +}) in pre-harvest, at three different growing conditions (tunnel, mesh, and ambient), on texture and pectin in blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum) was studied. Calcium contents in leaves as well in fruits were different (P ≤ 0.05), affected by growing conditions and time. Differences (P ≤ 0.05) in calcium content were found in tunnel cultivar fruit, during the period to cell expansion toward harvest, at calcium foliar level of 5 mL per L (7.8 g). Fruit texture was significantly higher at the beginning of the cell expansion period in the tunnel cultivar fruit, and a linear correlation between calcium concentration and texture was established. Increment in low methoxyl pectin (LMP) was influenced by growing conditions, and was different (P ≤ 0.05) for tunnel cultivar fruit. A good correlation between LMP and calcium content was obtained with the high dose of calcium (5 mL per L).  相似文献   

Assessing daily egestion rates in earthworms: using fungal spores as a natural soil marker to estimate gut transit time     

Astrid R. Taylor  Andy F. S. Taylor 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2014,50(1):179-183

Earthworms have an important role in ‘bioturbation’—the mixing of soil due to biological processes. Quantification of earthworm bioturbation relies on estimating earthworm egestion rates which in turn depend on two parameters: the gut content of the worms and the gut transit time (GTT). Gut content can be determined relatively easily, but determining GTT is problematic. The present study aimed at estimating daily soil egestion rates of Aporrectodea caliginosa and Lumbricus terrestris, refining the most common approach for estimating GTT by using fungal spores as natural markers in ingested soil. This approach avoids the use of artificial markers that may adversely affect the earthworms. Gut transit time was estimated by tracking the passage of marked soil through the gut by the appearance of the spores in the egested faeces. Gut transit time was estimated to be 9.6?±?0.3 h for A. caliginosa and 11.6?±?0.5 h for L. terrestris. Gut content averaged 465?±?40(± standard error (SE))?mg dw g^?1 dw worm for A. caliginosa and 265?±?80 mg dw g^?1 dw worm for L. terrestris. From these values, daily egestion rates of 1.16 and 0.66 g dw faeces g^?1 dw worm d^?1 were calculated for A. caliginosa and L. terrestris, respectively. Both values compare well to literature values for each species. The presented method for GTT estimation is inexpensive, rapid and easy to evaluate, with spores being a good alternative to existing markers.  相似文献   

Clinical effect of buprenorphine or butorphanol,in combination with detomidine and diazepam,on sedation and postoperative pain after cheek tooth extraction in horses     

Franziska R. Haunhorst  Klaus Hopster  Marion Schmicke  Astrid Bienert-Zeit  Sabine Kstner 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2022,63(1):39

The objective of this study was to compare effects of butorphanol (BUT) or buprenorphine (BUP), in combination with detomidine and diazepam, on the sedation quality, surgical conditions, and postoperative pain control after cheek tooth extraction in horses, randomly allocated to 2 treatment groups (BUT: n = 20; BUP: n = 20). A bolus of detomidine (15 μg/kg, IV) was followed by either BUP (7.5 μg/kg, IV) or BUT (0.05 mg/kg, IV). After 20 min, diazepam (0.01 mg/kg, IV) was administered and sedation was maintained with a detomidine IV infusion (20 μg/kg/h), with rate adjusted based on scores to 5 variables. All horses received a nerve block (maxillary or mandibular), and gingival infiltration with mepivacaine. Sedation quality was assessed by the surgeon from 1 (excellent) to 10 (surgery not feasible). A pain scoring system (EQUUS-FAP) was used to assess postoperative pain. Serum cortisol concentrations and locomotor activity (pedometers) were measured.Horses in BUP and BUT required a median detomidine infusion rate of 30.2 μg/kg/h (20 to 74.4 μg/kg/h) and 32.2 μg/kg/h (20 to 48.1 μg/kg/h), respectively (P = 0.22). Horses in the BUP group had better sedation quality (P < 0.05) during surgery and higher step counts (P < 0.001) postoperatively. Buprenorphine combined with detomidine provided a more reliable sedation than butorphanol. However, the EQUUS-FAP pain scale became unreliable because of BUP-induced excitement behavior.  相似文献   

Equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis     

Carsten Staszyk  Astrid Bienert  Robert Kreutzer  Peter Wohlsein  Hubert Simhofer 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2008,178(3):372

A poorly described, painful disorder of incisor and canine teeth, variably causing periodontitis, with resorptive or proliferative changes of the calcified dental tissues, has recently been documented in aged horses. No plausible aetiopathogenesis for this syndrome has been recorded. Eighteen diseased teeth from eight horses were examined grossly and microscopically and showed the presence of odontoclastic cells by tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. A chronological sequence of odontoclastic resorption followed by hypercementosis was demonstrated and, consequently, the term equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis (EOTRH) is proposed for this disorder. EOTRH shares many features with similar dental syndromes described in humans and cats. An aetiological hypothesis proposes mechanical stress of the periodontal ligament as the initiating factor.  相似文献   

Quantifying spatiotemporal drivers of environmental heterogeneity in Kruger National Park,South Africa     

Sandra MacFadyen  Cang Hui  Peter H. Verburg  Astrid J. A. Van Teeffelen 《Landscape Ecology》2016,31(9):2013-2029

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RETRACTED ARTICLE: The effectiveness of green infrastructure as a climate adaptation strategy for intensively-used landscapes: an example of the great crested newt     

Astrid?J.?A.?van?TeeffelenEmail author  Claire?C.?Vos  Rene?Jochem  Johannes?M.?Baveco  Henk?Meeuwsen  Jelle?P.?Hilbers 《Landscape Ecology》2016,31(2):467-467

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Spatial and temporal variations in soil respiration in relation to stand structure and soil parameters in an unmanaged beech forest   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Søe AR  Buchmann N 《Tree physiology》2005,25(11):1427-1436

Soil CO2 efflux (soil respiration) plays a crucial role in the global carbon cycle and efflux rates may be strongly altered by climate change. We investigated the spatial patterns of soil respiration rates in 144 measurement locations in a 0.5-ha plot and the temporal patterns along a 300-m transect in the 0.5-ha plot. Measurements were made in an unmanaged, highly heterogeneous beech forest during 2000 and 2001. We investigated the effects of soil, roots and forest stand structure on soil respiration, and we also assessed the stability of these spatial patterns over time. Soil temperature alone explained between 68 and 95% of the temporal variation in soil respiration; however, pronounced spatial scatter of respiration rates was not explained by soil temperature. The observed spatial patterns stayed remarkably stable throughout the growing season and over 2 years. The most important structural parameter of the stand was the mean diameter at breast height of trees within a distance of 4 m of the measurement locations (m-dbh4), which explained 10-19% of the variation in soil respiration throughout the growing season. Among the soil chemical parameters, carbon content (bulk as well as dissolved) and magnesium content explained 62% of the spatial variation in soil respiration. The final best model combining soil, root and stand structural parameters (fine root biomass, soil carbon content, m-dbh4 and soil water content) explained 79% of the variation in soil respiration, illustrating the importance of both biotic and abiotic factors.  相似文献   

Holzbiologische Untersuchungen über den Einfluß von Auftausalz auf Hamburger Straßenbäume     

Astrid Petersen  D. Eckstein  W. Liese 《European Journal of Forest Research》1982,101(1):353-365

Zusammenfassung Aus dem Stadtgebiet von Hamburg wurden 341 Stra?enb?ume der GattungenAcer, Aesculus, Betula, Fraxinus, Platanus, Quercus, Robinia, Sorbus undTilia hinsichtlich ihrer Empfindlichkeit gegenüber Streusalz untersucht. Als Untersuchungsmethoden dienten Jahrring-analyse sowie Histometrie und energiedispersive R?ntgen-Mikroanalyse. Auf Standorten mit hohem Bodensalzgehalt zeigten die meisten B?ume seit Mitte der 60er Jahre Zuwachsrückg?nge von über 50%, was zu einer Verringerung der wasserleitenden Querschnittsfl?che in den St?mmen und vermutlich zu den Blattnekrosen in der Krone führte. Alle an streusalzbelasteten Stra?en lebenden Ahornb?ume, Linden und Ro?kastanien zeigten eine starke Vitalit?tsminderung. Lediglich die Eichen und Robinien lassen keine streusalzbedingten Wachstums?nderungen erkennen. Zur Erholung der gesch?digten B?ume sowie zur Sicherung der toleranten Baumarten müssen eine weitere Salzzufuhr verhindert und die bereits angereicherten Salzmengen aus dem Kreislauf Boden-Baum-Boden entfernt werden.

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Wood-biological investigations on the influence of deicing salt on roadside trees in Hamburg

Summary From the urban area of Hamburg, 341 roadside trees of the generaAcer, Aesculus, Betula, Fraxinus, Platanus, Quercus, Robinia, Sorbus andTilia have been investigated concerning their sensitivity to deicing salt. The methods used were tree-ring analysis, histometrical studies, and X-ray microanalysis. Since the middle of the Sixties the radial growth of most tress decreased more than 50% on all sites with a high salt content in the soil, leading to a reduction of the water-conducting area in the stems. The necrosis of the leaves is presumably a result of this situation. All maples, horsechestnuts, and limes growing along roads affected by deicing salt showed a highly decreased vitality. Only oak and black locust do not exhibit any saltinfluenced growth responses. For the recovery of the injured trees as well as for safeguarding the more tolerant tree species a further salt transport to the roots must be prevented, and the amount of salt already accumulated must be removed from the soil-tree-soil cycle.

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Wir danken Dr.H. Meyer-Spasche, Ordinariat für Bodenkunde der Universit?t Hamburg, für die Bereitstellung der bodenchemischen Standortsdaten, Prof. Dr.N. Parameswaran für die energiedispersive R?ntgen-Mikroanalyse sowie Frau Dipl.-HolzwirtS. Wrobel und FrauF. Quiehl für ihre Mithilfe bei der Laborauswertung. Die Arbeit wurde von der Beh?rde für Bezirksangelegenheiten, Naturschutz und Umweltgestaltung (BBNU) der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg finanziell unterstützt. Die Baubeh?rde stellte Informationen über die Intensit?t der Streusalzanwendung zur Verfügung.  相似文献