Changes in circulating adiponectin and metabolic hormone concentrations during periparturient and lactation periods in Holstein dairy cows     

Yoshihisa OHTANI  Tatsuyuki TAKAHASHI  Katsuyoshi SATO  Astrid ARDIYANTI  Sang‐Houn SONG  Reiichiro SATO  Ken ONDA  Yasunori WADA  Yoshiaki OBARA  Keiichi SUZUKI  Akihiko HAGINO  Sang‐gun ROH  Kazuo KATOH 《Animal Science Journal》2012,83(12):788-795

Although our previous report demonstrated that adiponectin and AdipoR1 gene expressions changed among different lactation stages in the bovine mammary gland, its in vivo kinetics remain unclear in ruminant animals. In this study, we investigated the changes in circulating concentrations of adiponectin, as well as other metabolic hormones and metabolites, (i) during the periparturient period and (ii) among different lactation stages, in Holstein dairy cows. In experiment 1, serum adiponectin concentrations increased after parturition. Serum insulin concentrations were lower in the postpartum than prepartum period, whereas serum growth hormone (GH) concentrations increased in the postpartum period. Serum nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) levels were increased during the postpartum period and were dependent on the parity. In experiment 2, there was no significant difference in plasma adiponectin concentrations among lactational stages. Plasma insulin concentrations tended to be lower in early lactation while plasma GH levels tended to be higher. Plasma NEFA concentrations were significantly lower in mid‐ and late‐lactation stages than non‐lactation stages. These findings indicate that elevation of serum adiponectin might be involved in energy metabolism just around parturition, and might exert its action through regulation of receptor expression levels in target tissues in each lactational stage in Holstein dairy cows.  相似文献   

Acute pasteurellosis in fallow deer, cattle and pigs in a region of Eastern Germany     

Soike D  Schulze C  Kutzer P  Ewert B  van der Grinten E  Schliephake A  Ewers C  Bethe A  Rau J 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2012,125(3-4):122-128

Hemorrhagic septicaemia, an acute disease caused by P multocida capsular type B which is rarely detected in Europe, caused considerable losses in fallow deer, cattle and pigs within a region along the border of the federal states Brandenburg and Saxony-Anhalt in the summer of 2010. Clinical appearances and diagnostic findings are presented and possible triggering influences discussed. Pasteurella multocida capsular type B has not been cultivated from clinically healthy cattle and pigs of the region. Examination of fallow deer and roe deer in the region revealed the presence of singular carriers, which may act as a source of clinical infections.  相似文献   

Effects of Thymus vulgaris L. as feed additive in piglets and against haemolytic E. coli in vitro     

Jugl-Chizzola M  Spergser J  Schilcher F  Novak J  Bucher A  Gabler C  Hagmüller W  Zitterl-Eglseer K 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2005,118(11-12):495-501

The aim of the study was to test Thymi herba (1.66% v/w essential oil with 39% p-cymene and 32% thymol) in the rearing period of piglets as feed additive. Therefore, two feeding trials were performed with piglet groups ranging from 17 to 22 animals each. Either 10 g of Thymi herba/kg feed (Thymi herba group), 10 mg flavophospholipol/kg feed (flavophospholipol group) or nothing (control group) was added to the animals' feed. No significant differences in the performance parameter daily weight gain among any groups were recorded. No differences concerning feed efficiency or isolation of haemolytic E. coli serotypes were shown. In addition, the antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Thymi herba against 39 haemolytic E. coli isolates from the same weaners was investigated in vitro by disk diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration and bactericidal concentration testing. In contrast to the feeding results, the essential oil of the thyme batch fed showed antibacterial activity against all haemolytic E. coli investigated. This interesting antibacterial potential of Thymi herba prompts further investigations as to its value as feed additive.  相似文献   

Immunohistochemical identification of lymphatic vessels in the periodontium of equine cheek teeth     

Staszyk C  Duesterdieck KF  Gasse H  Bienert A 《Journal of veterinary dentistry》2005,22(4):227-232

Immunohistochemical detection of lymphatic capillaries was performed in the periodontium of maxillary and mandibular cheek teeth from 6 horses (aged 3-23 years). Tissue sections of the periodontium were taken at 4 different horizontal levels along the long axis of the tooth. The specimens were processed for immunoreaction with anti-Prox1, in order to distinguish lymphatic endothelium from blood vascular endothelium. Lymphatic vessels were detected in all periodontal tissues except for the dental cementum. Lymphatic capillaries were most densely distributed in the gingiva compared to other tissues of the periodontium. Lymphatic capillaries were found most consistently in samples taken from the gingival and subgingival regions in all horses examined. Within these levels, the gingiva as well as the spongiosa of the maxillary and mandibular bone had the greatest incidence of lymphatic vessels. Considering the distinct distribution of the lymphatic capillaries in the periodontium of the maxillary and mandibular cheek teeth, two complementary lymphatic drainage pathways are proposed: (1) superficial lymph drainage via the gingiva, emptying into the mandibular lymph nodes; (2) deep lymph drainage via the mandibular and maxillary spongiosa, emptying into the mandibular and retropharyngeal lymph nodes, respectively.  相似文献   

Natural revegetation of indigenous roadside vegetation by propagules from topsoil   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Astrid Brekke Skrindo  Per Anker Pedersen 《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2004,3(1):29-37

Road construction degrades large areas of indigenous vegetation. Better understanding of ecosystem restoration after degradation will require development and assessment of improved restoration techniques. The potential of natural revegetation based on propagules from topsoil as a restoration technique, to achieve succession towards indigenous vegetation, is not fully understood and accepted as an alternative method for vegetation establishment. The aim of this study was to evaluate this restoration technique by comparing different topsoils with respect to their potentials for revegetation and to describe the early succession on these topsoils by recording change in vegetation cover and the number of species.The study road RV23 is situated in south-east Norway and runs mainly through mixed, mostly coniferous forest. The topsoil (the upper 30 cm) was removed before road construction started, stockpiled during the construction period and then redistributed on the road verge afterwards. In 1999, 10 macroplots of 25 m² were placed randomly on selected topsoils of different qualities, to represent the soil variation in the study area. The soil quality varied from organic-rich to organic-poor soils. Each macro plot contained four 1-m² mesoplots in which the species composition was recorded in 2000 and 2001.Univariate statistical tests were applied to reveal change in vegetation cover between macroplots within 1 year and between years 2000 and 2001. Furthermore, statistical tests were used to reveal the change in single-species frequencies between the study years.Two years after deposition of topsoils, the vegetation cover was generally satisfactory from an aesthetical point of view. However, the variation in vegetation cover and species composition was considerable on different topsoils, reflecting both the local variation of the indigenous vegetation and the soil quality. A total of 121 species of vascular plants were recorded in all 10 macroplots, although not more than 59 species were found in one macroplot. Species composition and single-species frequencies changed considerably from the first year to the second. Among the 61 species that were recorded in more than five mesoplots, the frequency of 16 species increased and the frequency of 10 species decreased significantly (P<0.05). Most of the decreasing species can be considered as weed species and are not represented in the present indigenous vegetation, while most of the increasing species are. The vegetation change from 2000 to 2001 apparently represents the first steps in a succession towards an ecosystem dominated by species of the indigenous vegetation.  相似文献   

A NEW TYPE OF RADIOGRAPHIC BONE REMODELING IN THE DISTAL RADIAL AND ULNAR METAPHYSIS IN 54 NEWFOUNDLAND DOGS     

Cathrine Trangerud  Ronald D. Sande  A. Magnus Rorvik  Astrid Indrebo  Jorunn Grondalen 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2005,46(2):108-113

In this longitudinal observational study, 118 growing Newfoundland dogs were followed with sequential radiographic examination of the right front limb, which were scheduled at ages 3, 4, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months to record evidence of skeletal changes. All affected dogs had evidence of changes at 6 months and dogs included in this study had radiographic examination at 6 months and at least two other scheduled examinations that included either 4 or 12 months. The dogs were privately owned and had individualized nutrition and environment with no maintenance protocol required by the project leaders. Irregularities in bone remodeling in the distal radius and ulna were seen in radiographs of 54 of 118 (45.8%) dogs. These irregularities differ from changes previously described in the Newfoundland dog. The reported irregularities were seen as islands of reduced opacity outlined by thickened, radiopaque osseous trabeculae, which were aligned with the axis of stress. All the 54 dogs with irregularities during some phase of development consistently had changes at 6 months of age. Reorganization of the changes in the bone was slow, and residual changes were visible at 18-24 months of age in many cases. The significance of these findings may lie in their potential for misinterpretation if they had been discovered in the presence of clinical signs such as any lameness or growth arrest. Radiographic appearance indicates disturbances in the bone maturation. The etiopathogenesis is unclear. Nutritional, environmental and genetic factors have to be studied.  相似文献   

Environmental toxicology: polychlorinated biphenyls impair TNF-alpha release in vitro     

Ahne W  Jarre T 《Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine》2002,49(2):105-106

Tumour necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) was induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS)/phytohemagglutin (PHA) stimulated human whole blood in vitro. Levels of TNF-alpha were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Blood samples treated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB 77, PCB 126) exhibited impairment of TNF-alpha release: 50 pg/microl PCB reduced by up to 66% and 500 pg/microl PCB reduced by up to 93% the TNF-alpha release compared with the controls.  相似文献   

The Chlamydomonas genome reveals the evolution of key animal and plant functions   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Merchant SS  Prochnik SE  Vallon O  Harris EH  Karpowicz SJ  Witman GB  Terry A  Salamov A  Fritz-Laylin LK  Maréchal-Drouard L  Marshall WF  Qu LH  Nelson DR  Sanderfoot AA  Spalding MH  Kapitonov VV  Ren Q  Ferris P  Lindquist E  Shapiro H  Lucas SM  Grimwood J  Schmutz J  Cardol P  Cerutti H  Chanfreau G  Chen CL  Cognat V  Croft MT  Dent R  Dutcher S  Fernández E  Fukuzawa H  González-Ballester D  González-Halphen D  Hallmann A  Hanikenne M  Hippler M  Inwood W  Jabbari K  Kalanon M  Kuras R  Lefebvre PA  Lemaire SD  Lobanov AV 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,318(5848):245-250

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a unicellular green alga whose lineage diverged from land plants over 1 billion years ago. It is a model system for studying chloroplast-based photosynthesis, as well as the structure, assembly, and function of eukaryotic flagella (cilia), which were inherited from the common ancestor of plants and animals, but lost in land plants. We sequenced the approximately 120-megabase nuclear genome of Chlamydomonas and performed comparative phylogenomic analyses, identifying genes encoding uncharacterized proteins that are likely associated with the function and biogenesis of chloroplasts or eukaryotic flagella. Analyses of the Chlamydomonas genome advance our understanding of the ancestral eukaryotic cell, reveal previously unknown genes associated with photosynthetic and flagellar functions, and establish links between ciliopathy and the composition and function of flagella.  相似文献   

CB1 cannabinoid receptors and on-demand defense against excitotoxicity     

Marsicano G  Goodenough S  Monory K  Hermann H  Eder M  Cannich A  Azad SC  Cascio MG  Gutiérrez SO  van der Stelt M  López-Rodriguez ML  Casanova E  Schütz G  Zieglgänsberger W  Di Marzo V  Behl C  Lutz B 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,302(5642):84-88

Abnormally high spiking activity can damage neurons. Signaling systems to protect neurons from the consequences of abnormal discharge activity have been postulated. We generated conditional mutant mice that lack expression of the cannabinoid receptor type 1 in principal forebrain neurons but not in adjacent inhibitory interneurons. In mutant mice,the excitotoxin kainic acid (KA) induced excessive seizures in vivo. The threshold to KA-induced neuronal excitation in vitro was severely reduced in hippocampal pyramidal neurons of mutants. KA administration rapidly raised hippocampal levels of anandamide and induced protective mechanisms in wild-type principal hippocampal neurons. These protective mechanisms could not be triggered in mutant mice. The endogenous cannabinoid system thus provides on-demand protection against acute excitotoxicity in central nervous system neurons.  相似文献   

A 10,000-year record of Arctic Ocean sea-ice variability--view from the beach     

Funder S  Goosse H  Jepsen H  Kaas E  Kjær KH  Korsgaard NJ  Larsen NK  Linderson H  Lyså A  Möller P  Olsen J  Willerslev E 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,333(6043):747-750

We present a sea-ice record from northern Greenland covering the past 10,000 years. Multiyear sea ice reached a minimum between ~8500 and 6000 years ago, when the limit of year-round sea ice at the coast of Greenland was located ~1000 kilometers to the north of its present position. The subsequent increase in multiyear sea ice culminated during the past 2500 years and is linked to an increase in ice export from the western Arctic and higher variability of ice-drift routes. When the ice was at its minimum in northern Greenland, it greatly increased at Ellesmere Island to the west. The lack of uniformity in past sea-ice changes, which is probably related to large-scale atmospheric anomalies such as the Arctic Oscillation, is not well reproduced in models. This needs to be further explored, as it is likely to have an impact on predictions of future sea-ice distribution.  相似文献