Genes Lr48 and Lr49 for hypersensitive adult plant leaf rust resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)     

R.G. Saini  M. Kaur  B. Singh  Shiwani Sharma  G.S. Nanda  S.K. Nayar  A.K. Gupta  S. Nagarajan 《Euphytica》2002,124(3):365-370

The genetic bases of leaf rust resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) line CSP44, selected from the Australian cultivar Condor, and Indian cultivar VL404, were studied. The reaction patterns of CSP44 and VL404 against Indian races 12, 77, 77-1, 77-2, 77-3, 77-4, 77-5 and 108 were different from reaction patterns shown by near-isogenic lines with known adult plant resistance (APR) genes, viz. Lr12, Lr13, Lr22b and Lr34. Although the reaction patterns of CSP44 and VL404 were similar to the near-isogenic line Tc+Lr22a, tests of allelism indicated absence of Lr22a in both CSP44 and VL404. On the basis of genetic studies, their resistances in field tests against race 77-5, the most virulent race from the Indian sub-continent, were each ascribed to two genes. One of the two genes in each wheat was identified to be the non-hypersensitive APR gene Lr34. The second APR genes in CSP44 and VL404 gave hypersensitive reaction types and were recessive and dominant, respectively. The gene in CSP44 was designated Lr48and the gene in VL404, Lr49. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Rubber leaf litters (Hevea brasiliensis, var RRIM 600) as vermiculture substrate for epigeic earthworms, Perionyx excavatus, Eudrilus eugeniae and Eisenia fetida: The 7th international symposium on earthworm ecology · Cardiff · Wales · 2002     

Priyasankar S. Chaudhuri  T.K. Pal  Gautam Bhattacharjee  S.K. Dey 《Pedobiologia》2003,47(5-6):796-800

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Is air-drying of soil samples an appropriate step in determining plant available potassium for corn?     

Manbir Kaur Rakkar  David Franzen  Amitava Chatterjee 《Journal of plant nutrition》2016,39(13):1979-1988

Potassium (K) fertilizer recommendations are mainly based on air -dried soil samples which can lead to over- or under-estimation of plant available soil K. Three on-farm trials were conducted in North Dakota and Minnesota to determine the variation of soil test-K between air-dried (K_Dry) and field moist (K_Moist) soil samples. The differences between K_Dry and K_Moist decreased exponentially as soil K increased, but increased linearly with increasing soil moisture. Soil drying influenced the plant available soil K-test value, producing higher K values compared to the moist soil K. It is unclear based on these initial experiments which method might produce a more predictable K critical value to aid in directing K application for corn in this region.  相似文献   

Phenology,pollination and breeding system of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aegle marmelos</Emphasis> (Linn.) correa (Rutaceae) from India     

Vijay Kumar Singhal  Atula Salwan  Puneet Kumar  Jaspreet Kaur 《New Forests》2011,42(1):85-100

Studies on reproductive biology are difficult but useful in species like Aegle marmelos (Linn.) Correa which is of considerable socio-economic importance and possess morphogenetic variation and qualities of wider adaptability to different soils. Cytology, phenology, pollination, breeding system and natural regeneration of wild and cultivated trees from India revealed the existence of diploid (2n = 18) and tetraploid trees (2n = 36) in Pachmarhi hills and only diploid trees in Punjab plains and Shiwalik hills. The diploid and tetraploid trees showed normal meiosis and high pollen fertility. Phenological events which included leaf fall, leaf emergence, floral bud break, flowering and fruiting are nearly the same in wild and cultivated trees. Natural pollen transfer in the species was highly efficient. Levels of fruit set following open pollination was quite high and is reduced considerably following hand pollination probably due to some injury caused to stigma during experiments. Inspite of synchronous nature of anther dehiscence and stigmatic receptivity, selfing in a flower was avoided due to herkogamy. Some selfing, however, occurred through geitonogamous mode as bagging of panicles yielded 12.21 ± 0.99 to 14.12 ± 0.91% fruit set. High pollen ovule ratio (9,250–10,600) indicated toward the obligate outbreeding nature. The species suited to insect and wind mode of pollination. High amount of air borne pollen grains deposited on glycerine smeared glass microscopic slides suggested towards the wind mode of pollination. Though flowers are dull coloured a variety of insects visited the flowers due to sweet fragrance and stamen/pollen as food reward. Among insect pollinators, honey bee (Apis dorsata) was the major and legitimate pollinator while the rest were either minor pollinators or mere visitors. Inspite of high fruit/seed set, natural regeneration through seeds was poor as fallen fruits were destroyed by fungal pathogens and white ants. The species also propagated vegetatively through coppices and root suckers. It lacks agamospermy as bagging of emasculated flowers yielded no fruit. It is inferred that ‘bael’ which lacks agamospermy reproduced successfully through gamospermy (xenogamy and geitonogamy) and vegetative mode (coppices and root suckers). We also concluded that tetraploid trees growing in the Pachmarhi hills with large sized fruits possessed better potentialities in horticulture if planted through root suckers or coppices.  相似文献   

Exchange equilibria of potassium in soils. II. Effect of farmyard manure on K-Mg exchange     

S. R. Poonia  S. C. Mehta  R. Pal 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1986,149(2):211-220

Exchange behaviour of potassium versus magnesium was studied on surface soil samples of 3 Ustochrepts from a semiarid tropical region in relation to different levels of cattle farmyard manure (FYM, 0, 2.5, 5 and 10%). Magnesium saturated soil samples were equilibrated with KCl + MgCl₂ solutions having a range of equivalent ion fraction of K from 0 to 1 in the equilibrium solutions. The experimental results were analysed and interpreted, using different exchange selectivity quotients and thermodynamic parameters. Application of FYM caused a small but consistent increase in the K-preference over Mg as depicted from the normalized exchange isotherms. Standard free energy of K-Mg exchange were strongly negative (ΔGo-6.97 to ?9.47 kJ eq^?1 by Gaines and Thomas approach; ΔG'o ?10.85 to ?14.15 kJ M^?1 by Babcock and Duckart approach), suggesting a strong thermodynamic preference for K over Mg in these soils. For comparable treatments, ΔGo were about ?0.84 to ?1.25 kJ eq^?1 more negative for K-Mg, compared to K-Ca system reported earlier. ΔGo for 10% FYM treatments became more negative over the controls by 2.34, 1.40 and 0.53 kJ eq^?1 for Hissar, Panipat and Pehowa soils, respectively. All the selectivity quotients scrutinized in this investigation, viz., Gapon (K_G), Vanselow (K_v) and thermodynamic (K_N) were strongly K-saturation dependent; the dependence becoming more pronounced with the addition of FYM.  相似文献   

Irrigation Module and Sowing Date Affect Seed Cotton Yield,Quality, Productivity Indices,and Economics of Cotton in North-western India     

Kulvir Singh  Harinder Pal Singh  Sudhir Kumar Mishra 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2020,51(7):919-931

ABSTRACT

Delayed sowing and imprecise application of irrigation water to cotton has been the major hurdle in sustaining cotton yield in north-western India. Therefore, studies were initiated to ascertain the impact of heavy or normal level of presowing irrigation (PSI), scheduling time of first postsowing irrigation (POSI) under two sowing dates (SDs) on cotton arranged in a split block design replicated thrice. PSI_h (100 mm) recorded 23.2% higher seed cotton yield over PSI_n (70 mm) owing to better yield attributes and higher stand. First POSI at 4 weeks after sowing (WAS) resulted the highest yield (3072 kg ha^?1), while one at 6 WAS (POSI₆) recorded least due to poor population and reduced yield attributes. Water productivity under POSI₆ was lesser by 29.1%, 25.2%, and 16.2% as compared to POSI₃, POSI₄, and POSI₅, respectively. April sown crop out yielded the May sown cotton crop by 939 kg ha^?1 due to better yield attributes. Nitrogen factor productivity (NFP) among SD remained higher by 23.3% for April as compared to May sowing. PSI_h exhibited better NFP over PSI_n. POSI₆ recorded least NFP by 24.4%, 28.5%, and 16.3% as compared to POSI₃, POSI₄, and POSI₅, respectively and was indicative of relatively poor utilization of N under delayed schedules. Therefore, planting in April after heavy PSI and scheduling first POSI at 4 WAS is best strategy for sustaining cotton yield and maximizing farmer profitability.  相似文献   

Allele mining and haplotype discovery in barley candidate genes for drought tolerance     

András Cseri  Mátyás Cserháti  Maria von Korff  Bettina Nagy  Gábor V. Horváth  András Palágyi  János Pauk  Dénes Dudits  Ottó Törjék 《Euphytica》2011,181(3):341-356

In the present study, allele mining was conducted on a panel of drought related candidate genes in a set of 96 barley genotypes using EcoTILLING, which is a variant of the targeting induced local lesions in genomes (TILLING) technology. Analyzing approximately 1.5 million basepairs in barley a total number of 94 verified unique haplotypes were identified in 18 amplicons designed for 9 genes. Overall, 185 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 46 insertions/deletions (INDELs) were detected with a mean of 1SNP/92 bp and 1INDEL/372 bp genomic sequence. Based on overlapping haplotype sequences, markers were developed for four candidate genes (HvARH1, HvSRG6, HvDRF1, HVA1), which allows distinguishing between the main haplotypes showing either differences in amino acid sequence or which have larger INDELs in the promoter region. As “proof of concept”, the HvARH1 and HvSRG6 haplotypes were tested for the level of abscisic acid-induced gene expression in subsets of genotypes belonging to different haplotype categories. An integrated database was developed to contain information about the genes, genotypes, and haplotypes analyzed in this study. The database supplies profound information about the natural variation in the tested drought related candidate genes providing a significant asset for further mapping studies dealing with this highly polygenic trait.  相似文献   

Comparison of agar and gum karaya as gelling agent for in vitro regeneration of rough lemon (Citrus jambhiri Lush.) plantlets from nodal explants     

Balwinder Singh  Amritpal Kaur 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2011,14(4):297-303

In the present study, attempt was made to compare agar with gum karaya as gelling agent in micropropagation of rough lemon (Citrus jambhiri Lush.). Initially nodal segments were cultured on agar-gel MS medium containing benzyladenine (BA), kinetin (KN), zeatin (ZN) (1.0–2.5 mg L^?1) and malt extract (200–1,200 mg L^?1) to standardize the medium. Maximum shoot regeneration (66.66%) was observed with KN 2 mg L^?1 with an average shoot length of 0.73 cm. Gum karaya and agar was then evaluated at different concentration and combinations in same medium. The shoot regeneration response on media gelled with 30 g L^?1 gum karaya was 62.49% with an average shoot length of 0.80 cm. Regenerated shoots were rooted on MS medium gelled with agar and supplemented with different concentrations (0.5–2.5 mg L^?1) of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Maximum response (52.77 %) was observed with IBA 2.0 mg L^?1 with an average number of 2.58 roots/shoot. A maximum of 53.47% cultures showed root regeneration with an average number of 2.91 roots/shoot in 30 g L^?1 gum karaya-gel medium. Texture measurements revealed that firmness of gum karaya-gel medium was nowhere near to that of agar. However, in their capability of supporting growth and differentiation of explants they are equal to agar medium. Gum karaya forms less adhesive and gummy medium as compared to agar. This study indicates that gum karaya can be used as gelling agent in place of agar.  相似文献   

A homolog of Drosophila grainy head is essential for epidermal integrity in mice   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ting SB  Caddy J  Hislop N  Wilanowski T  Auden A  Zhao LL  Ellis S  Kaur P  Uchida Y  Holleran WM  Elias PM  Cunningham JM  Jane SM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,308(5720):411-413

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Resonating valence-bond ground state in a phenalenyl-based neutral radical conductor     

Pal SK  Itkis ME  Tham FS  Reed RW  Oakley RT  Haddon RC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,309(5732):281-284

An organic material composed of neutral free radicals based on the spirobiphenalenyl system exhibits a room temperature conductivity of 0.3 siemens per centimeter and a high-symmetry crystal structure. It displays the temperature-independent Pauli paramagnetism characteristic of a metal with a magnetic susceptibility that implies a density of states at the Fermi level of 15.5 states per electron volt per mole. Extended Hückel calculations indicate that the solid is a three-dimensional organic metal with a band width of approximately 0.5 electron volts. However, the compound shows activated conductivity (activation energy, 0.054 electron volts) and an optical energy gap of 0.34 electron volts. We argue that these apparently contradictory properties are best resolved in terms of the resonating valence-bond ground state originally suggested by Pauling, but with the modifications introduced by Anderson.  相似文献