Molecular Variability in Different Indian Isolates of Equine Herpesvirus-1     

Gupta AK  Kaur D  Rattan B  Yadav MP 《Veterinary research communications》2005,29(8):721-734

Three abortigenic Indian isolates of equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) (Tohana, Hisar and Bikaner), along with two exotic abortigenic isolates (AB4 and V592) and another EHV-1 isolate (Jind) obtained from a case of perinatal foal mortality, were studied for variability. For this purpose, PCR and restriction endonuclease (RE) digestion techniques were used simultaneously as a DNA fingerprinting system. Nine different regions of EHV-1 virus were amplified by PCR using primer pairs specific for the regions and the products obtained from these regions were subsequently subjected to various restriction endonucleases to further assess the variability in the number of RE sites as well as in their positions. No difference was observed in all the four abortigenic isolates in terms of the size of different PCR products amplified by all the nine primer pairs, except for primer pairs ‘E’ and ‘C’. PCR products obtained with primer pair E revealed that Tohana and Bikaner isolates were most similar while Hisar isolate was like V592 isolate. However, the PCR product obtained from Jind isolate had a size between the PCR products of Hisar and Tohan/Bikaner isolates. The primer pair ‘C’ used to amplify the region between 1151 to 3679 in ‘Gene 1,2,3’ clearly differentiated the EHV-1 isolate obtained from a case of perinatal foal mortality from isolates obtained from abortion cases. This primer pair needs to be exploited more extensively for use as a potential marker for differentiating the EHV-1 isolates, mainly the abortion cases from perinatal foal mortality ones. Restriction endonuclease studies done with PCR product of all the isolates with various primer pairs did not reveal any changes in the position or number of RE sites present in the products amplified, indicating no variation in different RE sites within the amplified PCR products. However, this study clarified that all the Indian isolates belonged to the IP group of EHV-1.  相似文献   

Microbiological investigation of fresh and refrigerated partially cooked meat products     

J Palásek  J Gilka  I Ingr 《Veterinární medicína》1980,25(5):285-291

Semi-finished meat products were demonstrated to be heavily contaminated with microbes already at the moment of production. The main source of microorganisms was meat surface. Psychrotolerant organisms represented the main factors involved in the rise of organoleptical signs of decay. For the evaluation of the level of hygiene and sanitation, quality of the raw materials used and conditions of storage, the maximal limit values were proposed for 10 species or groups of the microorganisms under study. Pathogenic microorganisms were not detected by the multiplication method in any of the samples.  相似文献   

The effect of organic manuring and water quality on water transmission parameters and sodication of a sandy loam soil     

S.R. Poonia  Raj Pal 《Agricultural Water Management》1979,2(2):163-175

Water transmission characteristics under saturated and unsaturated conditions were studied in a sandy loam soil with (F₁) and without (F₀) long-term farmyard manure (FYM) treatments, in relation to sodium adsorption ratios (SAR) and electrolyte concentrations of water. The effect of FYM and ratios of Ca²⁺ : Mg²⁺ in water at a given SAR on sodication of the soil was also studied.Saturated hydraulic conductivity (k) and weighted mean diffusivity ($\text{D}\text{?}$) were slightly higher for F₁ than for F₀, whereas sodication indices like Gapon constant (K_G), Krishnamoorthy-Davis-Overstreet constant (K_KDO) and Vanselow constant (K_V) were slightly smaller. The k and $\text{D}\text{?}$ decreased with an increase of SAR and decrease of electrolyte concentration, the effect of SAR being more pronounced. There was proportionately a sharper decrease in the k and $\text{D}\text{?}$ values at SAR 10 with total electrolyte concentrations of 10–40 meq 1^?1. However, with a total electrolyte concentration of 80 meq 1^?1, there was a smaller drop at SAR 10.A small difference in the build-up of exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) in F₁ and F₀ treatments at a given SAR suggests that, apart from slightly improving water transmission parameters, the use of FYM also reduces the sodication hazard in a soil irrigated with sodic waters. An increase in the Ca²⁺ : Mg²⁺ ratio from 25:75 to 75:25 slightly decreased the values of K_G, K_KDO and K_V, thus indicating somewhat more preference for Ca²⁺ to Mg²⁺ at a given SAR, which was more so in F₁ soil. This fact could also be expressed in terms of a slight shift of thermodynamic exchange constant (K) and standard free energy change of the exchange reaction (ΔG⁰_r). The presence of some unidentified Na⁺ releasing minerals in the soils studied was observed and correction for exchangeable Na⁺ determination applied.  相似文献   

Feeding potential of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cryptolaemus montrouzieri</Emphasis> against the mealybug <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phenacoccus solenopsis</Emphasis>     

Harmeet Kaur  J. S. Virk 《Phytoparasitica》2012,40(2):131-136

Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is an exotic species native to the USA, damaging cotton and other plant families. The feeding potential of different development stages of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant, a biological control agent against mealybugs, was investigated on different development stages of P. solenopsis. Fourth instar grubs and adults of C. montrouzieri were the most voracious feeders on different instars of mealybug. The number of 1^st instar nymphs of mealybug consumed by 1^st, 2^nd, 3^rd and 4^th instar larvae and adult beetles of C. montrouzieri was 15.56, 41.01, 125.38, 162.69 and 1613.81, respectively. The respective numbers of 2^nd and 3^rd instar nymphs of mealybug consumed were 11.15 and 1.80, 26.35 and 6.36, 73.66 and 13.32, 76.04 and 21.16, 787.95 and 114.66. The corresponding figures for adult female mealybugs were 0.94, 3.23, 8.47, 12.71 and 73.40, respectively. The results indicate that C. montrouzieri has the potential to be exploited as a biocontrol agent in North India; inoculative releases of 4^th instar larvae and adults may provide instant control of P. solenopsis. Field experiments should be conducted to determine the efficiency of the ladybird on this mealybug.  相似文献   

Bluetongue virus – 23 stimulates inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and nitric oxide production in mononuclear cells of blood and/or regional lymphoid organs     

Channakeshava Sokke Umeshappa  Karam Pal Singh  Roopa Hebbandi Nanjundappa  Rudragouda Channappanavar  Sushila Maan  Narender S. Maan 《Veterinary research communications》2012,36(4):245-250

  相似文献   

Erratum to: Phenology,pollination and breeding system of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aegle marmelos</Emphasis> (Linn.) Correa (Rutaceae) from India     

Vijay Kumar Singhal  Atula Salwan  Puneet Kumar  Jaspreet Kaur 《New Forests》2012,43(3):395-395

  相似文献   

Bioactivity guided isolation of antipsychotic constituents from the leaves of Rauwolfia tetraphylla L     

Gupta S  Khanna VK  Maurya A  Bawankule DU  Shukla RK  Pal A  Srivastava SK 《Fitoterapia》2012,83(6):1092-1099

This study was undertaken to ascertain the antipsychotic properties of Rauwolfia tetraphylla L. leaves and to isolate and characterize the antipsychotic constituents. Among the MeOH extract and some alkaloidal fractions at different pHs, the alkaloidal CHCl(3) fraction at pH-9 (2C) showed the highest antipsychotic activity against dopaminergic (DA-D(2)) and serotonergic (5-HT(2A)) receptors in-vitro and amphetamine induced hyperactive mouse model in-vivo. The activity guided isolation of CHCl(3) fraction (2C) afforded six indole alkaloids: 10-methoxytetrahydroalstonine (1), isoreserpiline (2), an isomeric mixture of 11-demethoxyreserpiline (3) and 10-demethoxyreserpiline (4), α-yohimbine (5) and reserpiline (6). Given orally, alkaloids 3-6 showed significant antipsychotic activity in a dose dependent manner. None of the extract, alkaloidal fractions or alkaloids showed any extra pyramidal symptoms at the tested doses. It was also observed that MeOH extract was behaving similar to other clinically used novel atypical antipsychotics in having 5-HT(2A) occupancy greater than the DA-D(2) receptor at the tested doses. Further toxicity and safety evaluation studies of MeOH extracts of R. tetraphylla leaves at different doses (10, 100, 300 and 2000 mg/kg) on female Swiss albino mice showed that MeOH extract is non toxic. The isolated alkaloids, 3-6 could serve as a promising lead structure for drug development of treating psychotic conditions in human.  相似文献   

Molecular markers for late blight resistance breeding of potato: an update     

Jagesh K. Tiwari  Sundaresha Siddappa  Bir Pal Singh  Surinder K. Kaushik  Swarup K. Chakrabarti  Vinay Bhardwaj  Poonam Chandel 《Plant Breeding》2013,132(3):237-245

Late blight is the most devastating disease of the potato crop that can be effectively managed by growing resistant cultivars. Introgression of resistance (R) genes/quantitative trait loci (QTLs) from the Solanum germplasm into common potato is one of the plausible approaches to breed resistant cultivars. Although the conventional method of breeding will continue to play a primary role in potato improvement, molecular marker technology is becoming one of its integral components. To achieve rapid success, from the past to recent years, several R genes/QTLs that originated from wild/cultivated Solanum species were mapped on the potato genome and a few genes were cloned using molecular approaches. As a result, molecular markers closely linked to resistance genes or QTLs offer a quicker potato breeding option through marker‐assisted selection (MAS). However, limited progress has been achieved so far through MAS in potato breeding. In near future, new resistance genes/QTLs are expected to be discovered from wild Solanum gene pools and linked molecular markers would be available for MAS. This article presents an update on the development of molecular markers linked to late blight resistance genes or QTLs by utilization of Solanum species for MAS in potato.  相似文献   

Micropropagation of Vegetable Rennet (Withania coagulans [Stocks] Dunal)—A Critically Endangered Medicinal Plant     

Mangal S. Rathore  S. Shekhawat  G. Kaur  R. P. Singh  N. S. Shekhawat 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(8):727-746

Withania coagulans (Stocks) Dunal (Solanaceae), popularly called vegetable rennet, is a critically endangered and highly valued medicinal plant. Overexploitation and reproductive failure forced the plant species toward the verge of complete extinction. We describe here the development of a simple, rapid, and cost effective in vitro micropropagation system for W. coagulans for mass-scale production of true-to-type plantlets using nodal shoot segments. Exactly 95.5 ± 0.34% explants responded within 8–10 days (d) and produced multiple shoot buds (4.1 ± 0.10 shoots of 2.95 ± 0.15 cm length) on 0.8% agar-gelled Murashige and Skoog's (MS) basal medium supplemented with 8.88 μM 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), 0.57 μM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and additives (100 mg L^?1 L-ascorbic acid, 25 mg L^?1 each citric acid, adenine sulphate, and L-arginine). The shoots in cultures were multiplied by repeated transfer on MS medium with 4.44 μM BAP, 0.57 μM IAA, and additives. Further cultures were multiplied on a large-scale through the subculturing of shoot clumps differentiated in vitro, on MS medium supplemented with 1.11 μM BAP, 0.57 μM IAA, and additives. Maximum number (19.1 ± 0.28) of healthy (6.15 ± 0.25 cm) and viable shoots differentiated on this medium. The microshoots were rooted both in vitro and ex vitro. Exactly 67.3 ± 1.01% microshoots rooted in vitro within 25–30 d on agar-gelled half-strength MS salts supplemented with 29.52 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 200 mg L^?1 of activated charcoal (AC). Alternatively, 73.8 ± 0.65% cloned shoots rooted on sterile soilrite (soilless compost and soil conditioner) under ex vitro conditions after pulse treatment with 2.46 mM IBA for 300 s. The clones of W. coagulans were hardened in a greenhouse within 40–45 d by slow and gradual exposure of plantlets from high relative humidity (RH; 70–80%) and low (26 ± 2°C) temperature to low RH (40–50%) and high (34 ± 2°C) temperature. The hardened plantlets were transferred to soil and stored in agro-net house with more than 90% survival rate. Replacement of pure and laboratory grade sucrose with commercial grade sugar, use of less expensive commercial grade agar-agar in culture medium, higher rate of shoot proliferation, single step ex vitro rooting, and hardening of plantlets in the greenhouse are advantageous features of the protocol. The micropropagation protocol defined here is reproducible, easy to follow, and would be helpful in large-scale restoration programs through true-to-type mass-multiplication of W. coagulans.  相似文献   

Prevalence and genotypic (G and P) determination of porcine group A rotaviruses from different regions of India     

Zunjar Baburao Dubal  Kiran N. Bhilegaonkar  Sukhadeo B. Barbuddhe  Rahul P. Kolhe  Simranpreet Kaur  Shriya Rawat  Prejit Nambiar  Muthu Karunakaran 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(2):609-615

  相似文献