Intra‐ and Interobserver Agreement on Radiographic Phenotype in the Diagnosis of Canine Hip Dysplasia          下载免费PDF全文

Ruth R. Fortrie DVM  Geert Verhoeven DVM  PhD  Diplomate ECVS  Bart Broeckx DVM  Luc Duchateau MSc  PhD  Luc Janssens DVM  PhD  Diplomate ECVS  Yves Samoy DVM  PhD  Elke Schreurs DVM  Diplomate ECVDI  Jimmy Saunders DVM  PhD  Diplomate ECVDI  Henri van Bree DVM  PhD  Diplomate ECVS & ECVDI  Peter Vandekerckhove DVM  Diplomate ECVS  Frank Coopman DVM  PhD  MSc 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2015,44(4):467-473

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Kinetics of cadmium uptake by green algae     

Joyce E. Sloof  Aranka Viragh  Bart Van Der Veer 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1995,83(1-2):105-122

The kinetics of cadmium uptake by Selenastrum capricornutum Printz was studied at 21 °C and 0 °C and at four different concentrations of free cadmium (10^?9, 10^?8, 10^?7 and 10^?3 M). The free cadmium concentrations in the medium were kept constant through buffering by a chelating agent (NTA). Initial uptake occurred within 10 min at both temperatures, indicating a fast process. At 21 °C, the cadmium uptake increased during the experimental sampling times from 0.12 to 50 h, whereas at 0 °C, the cadmium uptake remained constant after the first sampling time. Apparently, two different processes were involved in cadmium uptake, a first fast, probably passive process and a second slower, possibly physiological process. The cadmium uptake processes are described with a generalized metalligand complex formation model. The experimental dissociation constants for the fast (K _R,F ) and the slow process (K _R,S ) were reproducible for different experiments and they were both in the order of 5 10^?6 mol L^?1. For the slow process, the uptake- and release rate constants (k₁ and k₂) were quantified; for two experiments, the mean value for k_i was 111±28 L mol^?1 h^?1 and the mean value for k ₂ was (5.1±1.8) 10^?4 h^?1. These values were calculated using the fitted value of the cadmium uptake in the fast process.  相似文献   

Interactions among fire legacies, grazing and topography predict shrub encroachment in post-agricultural páramo   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Emily Matson  David Bart 《Landscape Ecology》2013,28(9):1829-1840

Woody encroachment in grasslands is a global phenomenon driven by complex interactions between climate, grazing and fire management. Alpine shrub encroachment is of particular concern for biological conservation because high-elevation grasslands harbor high levels of biodiversity and species endemism. Páramo grasslands of the high Andes are exceptionally high in floral diversity, but traditional agricultural practices have resulted in widespread livestock grazing and anthropogenic burning. Fire suppression has frequently been identified a driver of woody expansion in other grasslands, and conservation initiatives that aim to decrease burning and grazing in páramos may inadvertently lead to shrub encroachment. We tested whether interactions among fire and grazing legacies, topography and edaphic conditions predicted the patchy distribution of encroaching shrubs in an Ecuadorian páramo 10 years after release from burning and grazing. Interviews with land-users identified proximity to roads, footpaths and riparian areas as proxies for fire frequency and grazing pressure. A recursive partitioning model of shrub cover revealed that woody abundance was generally lower at lower elevations, especially near the access road (where fire frequency and grazing pressure were high). Within the low-elevation areas, shrub cover was highest near streams (where grazing pressure was high). These results suggest that (1) the effects of fire and grazing legacies depend on the spatial patterns of grazing, and (2) legacy effects interact with topography to help explain patchy shrub encroachment.  相似文献   

Detection and molecular characterisation of Pyrenopeziza brassicae isolates resistant to methyl benzimidazole carbamates     

Helen E Carter  Hans J Cools  Jonathan S West  Michael W Shaw  Bart A Fraaije 《Pest management science》2013,69(9):1040-1048

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Decomposition of lignin in wheat straw in a sand-dune grassland     

Rachel N.T.M. Kabuyah  Bart E. van Dongen  Alastair D. Bewsher  Clare H. Robinson 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2012

The degradation of organic macromolecules, including lignin, in plant-derived soil organic matter, is important to the global carbon cycle. In grasslands, saprotrophic (decomposer) fungi are major decomposers of such organic material. The aim of this study was to characterise lignin degradation, particularly with respect to lignin oxidation typical of white-rot basidiomycete fungi. Lignin breakdown products, analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) with TMAH thermochemolysis, in initial wheat (Triticum aestivum var. Swatham) straw samples were compared with those in samples which had been buried as a “model” resource for 46 months in a sand-dune grassland at Ainsdale National Nature Reserve, Lancashire, UK.Our results showed that lignin oxidation occurred in the straw over the 46 month period, as there were general increases in the [Ac/Al]_S and [Ac/Al]_G ratios and a clear decrease in the [S/G] ratio. These data provide tentative support for the theory that white-rot basidiomycete fungi are involved in the degradation of lignin in grasslands.  相似文献   

Conservation agriculture as a sustainable option for the central Mexican highlands   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Bram Govaerts  Ken D. Sayre  Bart Goudeseune  Pieter De Corte  Kelly Lichter  Luc Dendooven  Jozef Deckers 《Soil & Tillage Research》2009,103(2):222

Tropical highlands of the world are densely populated and intensively cropped. Agricultural sustainability problems resulting from soil erosion and fertility decline have arisen all over this agro-ecological zone. Based on selected soil quality indicators, i.e. time-to-pond, aggregate distribution and stability (expressed as the mean weight diameter (MWD) for dry and wet sieving, respectively) and soil moisture, from a representative long-term sustainability trial initiated in 1991 in Central Mexico (2240 masl; 19.31°N, 98.50°W; Cumulic Phaeozem), some insights into the feasibility of conservation agriculture (CA) as part of a sustainable production system in the tropical highlands are given. Zero tillage plots with crop residue removal showed low aggregate distribution (average MWD = 1.34 mm) and stability (average MWD = 0.99 mm) resulting in top layer slaking, increased erosion and low time-to-pond values. Retaining the residue in the field with zero tillage avoided the above-mentioned negative evolution for both aggregate distribution as stability (average MWD = 2.77 and 1.51 mm, respectively) and even improved the physical conditions of the soil as compared to conventional practice. Throughout the growing season the lowest soil moisture content was found in zero tillage without residue (average over the entire growing season = 20.5% volumetric moisture content), the highest in zero tillage with residue retention (average = 29.7%) while conventional tillage had intermediate soil moisture values (average = 27.4%). Zero tillage without residue retention had most days of soil moisture values under permanent wilting point, while zero tillage with residue retention had the least. Taking into account these results, zero tillage with residue retention can clearly be a part of an integrated watershed management scheme towards sustainable agriculture in the tropical highlands. It is clear that to develop new management practices to improve water use, reduce erosion and enhance human labor/animal power focus must be on the use of conservation agriculture both for rainfed as well as irrigated production systems and be fine tuned for each system.  相似文献   

The Effect of Neuromuscular Blockade on Canine Laparoscopic Ovariectomy: A Double‐Blinded,Prospective Clinical Trial     

Goethem Bart Van Diplomate ECVS  Nimwegen Sebastiaan Alexander van PhD  Akkerdaas Ies DVM  Murrell Joanna Claire BVSc.  PhD Diplomate ECVAA  Jolle Kirpensteijn PhD  Diplomate ACVS & ECVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2012,41(3):374-380

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Euphorbia abyssinica latex promotes rooting of Boswellia cuttings     

Aklilu Negussie  Raf Aerts  Kindeya Gebrehiwot  Els Prinsen  Bart Muys 《New Forests》2009,37(1):35-42

Traditional knowledge in northern Ethiopia points towards the root-stimulating properties of the latex found in Euphorbia abyssinica (EAG). Stem cuttings of EAG as well as cuttings of other species treated with EAG latex reportedly root easily in dry soil. This could be attributable to endogenous auxins contained in the latex. We screened EAG latex for auxins and precursor molecules using analytical LC-MS/MS, and tested the effect of EAG latex on the rooting of woody cuttings of Boswellia papyrifera, a threatened multipurpose tree. The EAG latex contained indole acetic acid (IAA) (0.06 μg/g latex), an auxin controlling apical dominance and lateral rooting, as well as IAA metabolites and conjugates. Boswellia cuttings treated with EAG latex rooted significantly sooner and showed higher survival ratios than untreated controls. EAG is widely available and its latex easy to obtain. Therefore it is a promising source of a natural plant growth regulator which may be used for improving low technology vegetative propagation of woody species in East and Northeast Africa, including the threatened Boswellia tree.  相似文献   

Organic carbon stocks and stock changes of forest biomass in Belgium derived from forest inventory data in a spatially explicit approach     

Suzanna Lettens  Jos Van Orshoven  Dominique Perrtn  Bas Van Wesemael  Bart Muys 《Annals of Forest Science》2008,65(6):604-604

? Carbon sequestration in forest ecosystems is an important though still uncertain process in the global greenhouse gas balance.

? We computed biomass organic carbon (BOC) stocks of spatially explicit forested landscape units (LSU) in Belgium based on data collected in the regional forest inventories of 1984 (Wallonia region only) and 2000 (Wallonia and Flanders). C stock changes between 1984 and 2000 were estimated for Wallonia.

? The total BOC pool stored in Belgian forests in 2000 amounts to 57.8 Mt C in 6222 km², or 10.0 kg C m^?2 in broadleaf, 9.5 kg C m^?2 in coniferous and 8.7 kg C m^?2 in mixed forest. Based on previous soil organic carbon (SOC) analysis for the same LSU, BOC and SOC stock per LSU appeared only weakly correlated. The total BOC sequestration between 1984 and 2000 equals 5.7 Mt C over an area of 5 107 km², resulting in a flux of 0.07 kg C m^?2 y^?1. The BOC content of broadleaf forest in Wallonia increased with 6%, of coniferous forest with 32% and of mixed forest with 11%.

? The observed regional differences in BOC stocks and in BOC sequestration rates are explained by the forest age-class distribution and site productivity. The strength of the spatially explicit approach lies in the fact that BOC and SOC data originating from diverse sampling strategies can be combined for spatial or temporal comparison of C stocks.

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Non‐target site SDHI resistance is present as standing genetic variation in field populations of Zymoseptoria tritici          下载免费PDF全文

Masao Yamashita  Bart Fraaije 《Pest management science》2018,74(3):672-681

BACKGROUND

A new generation of more active succinate dehydrogenase (Sdh) inhibitors (SDHIs) is currently widely used to control Septoria leaf blotch in northwest Europe. Detailed studies were conducted on Zymoseptoria tritici field isolates with reduced sensitivity to fluopyram and isofetamid; SDHIs which have only just or not been introduced for cereal disease control, respectively.

RESULTS

Strong cross‐resistance between fluopyram and isofetamid, but not with other SDHIs, was confirmed through sensitivity tests using laboratory mutants and field isolates with and without Sdh mutations. The sensitivity profiles of most field isolates resistant to fluopyram and isofetamid were very similar to a lab mutant carrying SdhC‐A84V, but no alterations were found in SdhB, C and D. Inhibition of mitochondrial Sdh enzyme activity and control efficacy in planta for those isolates was severely impaired by fluopyram and isofetamid, but not by bixafen. Isolates with similar phenotypes were not only detected in northwest Europe but also in New Zealand before the widely use of SDHIs.

CONCLUSION

This is the first report of SDHI‐specific non‐target site resistance in Z. tritici. Monitoring studies show that this resistance mechanism is present and can be selected from standing genetic variation in field populations. © 2017 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.  相似文献