Immunology. Switching off TCR signaling     

Malissen B 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,302(5648):1162-1163

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Evidence for ozone formation in human atherosclerotic arteries   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Wentworth P  Nieva J  Takeuchi C  Galve R  Wentworth AD  Dilley RB  DeLaria GA  Saven A  Babior BM  Janda KD  Eschenmoser A  Lerner RA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,302(5647):1053-1056

Here, we report evidence for the production of ozone in human disease. Signature products unique to cholesterol ozonolysis are present within atherosclerotic tissue at the time of carotid endarterectomy, suggesting that ozone production occurred during lesion development. Furthermore, advanced atherosclerotic plaques generate ozone when the leukocytes within the diseased arteries are activated in vitro. The steroids produced by cholesterol ozonolysis cause effects that are thought to be critical to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, including cytotoxicity, lipid-loading in macrophages, and deformation of the apolipoprotein B-100 secondary structure. We propose the trivial designation "atheronals" for this previously unrecognized class of steroids.  相似文献   

The optics of insect compound eyes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

W H Miller  G D Bernard  J L Allen 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1968,162(855):760-767

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Deformation on nearby faults induced by the 1999 Hector Mine earthquake   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Fialko Y  Sandwell D  Agnew D  Simons M  Shearer P  Minster B 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,297(5588):1858-1862

Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar observations of surface deformation due to the 1999 Hector Mine earthquake reveal motion on several nearby faults of the eastern California shear zone. We document both vertical and horizontal displacements of several millimeters to several centimeters across kilometer-wide zones centered on pre-existing faults. Portions of some faults experienced retrograde (that is, opposite to their long-term geologic slip) motion during or shortly after the earthquake. The observed deformation likely represents elastic response of compliant fault zones to the permanent co-seismic stress changes. The induced fault displacements imply decreases in the effective shear modulus within the kilometer-wide fault zones, indicating that the latter are mechanically distinct from the ambient crustal rocks.  相似文献   

Induction of T helper type 2 immunity by a point mutation in the LAT adaptor     

Aguado E  Richelme S  Nuñez-Cruz S  Miazek A  Mura AM  Richelme M  Guo XJ  Sainty D  He HT  Malissen B  Malissen M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,296(5575):2036-2040

The transmembrane protein LAT (linker for activation of T cells) couples the T cell receptor (TCR) to downstream signaling effectors. Mice homozygous for a mutation of a single LAT tyrosine residue showed impeded T cell development. However, later they accumulated polyclonal helper T (TH) cells that chronically produced type 2 cytokines in large amounts. This exaggerated TH2 differentiation caused tissue eosinophilia and massive maturation of plasma cells secreting to immunoglobulins of the E and G1 isotypes. This paradoxical phenotype establishes an unanticipated inhibitory function for LAT that is critical for the differentiation and homeostasis of TH cells.  相似文献   

Selective and efficient platinum(0)-carbene complexes as hydrosilylation catalysts     

Markó IE  Stérin S  Buisine O  Mignani G  Branlard P  Tinant B  Declercq JP 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,298(5591):204-206

The hydrosilylation reaction enables the production of silicon polymers. Platinum-carbene complexes are reported that catalyze the hydrosilylation reaction of alkenes with remarkable efficiency and exquisite selectivity and avoid the formation of platinum colloids. By-products, typically encountered with previous catalytic systems, are suppressed with these platinum derivatives.  相似文献   

Computer science. Coding and computing join forces     

Chazelle B 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,317(5845):1691-1692

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Genetics and The Sopranos     

Possidente BP 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,317(5838):596

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Life in science. Ichthyologists hooked on Facebook     

Sidlauskas B  Bernard C  Bloom D  Bronaugh W  Clementson M  Vari RP 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,332(6029):537

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Challenges of modeling ocean basin ecosystems   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

deYoung B  Heath M  Werner F  Chai F  Megrey B  Monfray P 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,304(5676):1463-1466

With increasing pressure for a more ecological approach to marine fisheries and environmental management, there is a growing need to understand and predict changes in marine ecosystems. Biogeochemical and physical oceanographic models are well developed, but extending these further up the food web to include zooplankton and fish is a major challenge. The difficulty arises because organisms at higher trophic levels are longer lived, with important variability in abundance and distribution at basin and decadal scales. Those organisms at higher trophic levels also have complex life histories compared to microbes, further complicating their coupling to lower trophic levels and the physical system. We discuss a strategy that builds on recent advances in modeling and observations and suggest a way forward that includes approaches to coupling across trophic levels and the inclusion of uncertainty.  相似文献