Adverse reactions to equine‐derived F(ab’)2‐antivenin in 54 dogs envenomated by Vipera berus berus     

Heidi S. Lund DVM  Veronica Kristiansen DVM  Anna V. Eggertsdóttir DVM  PhD  Ellen Skancke DVM  PhD  Birgit Ranheim DVM  PhD 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2013,23(5):532-537

  相似文献   

Montessori-method for dogs     

Birgit Horvath 《Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research》2013,8(4):e36-e37

  相似文献   

Statistical comparison of a new rheological method for defining changes in mash consistency during mashing with the established Rapid Visco Analyser     

Birgit Schnitzenbaumer  Elke K. ArendtJean Titze 《Journal of Cereal Science》2013

The determination of mash consistency proved to be difficult but is of great importance particularly with regard to process and quality control. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a new rheological method for precisely determining changes in mash consistency occurring during the mashing process. For that purpose, five mashes with various levels of unmalted oats (0–40%) have been analyzed using a Physica MCR rheometer equipped with a paddle-shaped rotor enabling mash particles to be kept in suspension throughout the rheological measurement. For validating this new method, a statistical comparison with the established Rapid Visco Analyser (RVA) has been carried out. For this purpose, the mash consistency curves have been described by regression functions with the aim to determine characteristic curve points mathematically correct. As a result, the start and end point of starch gelatinization/liquefaction have been well-defined. By calculating the coefficients of determination, good to very good linear correlations between respective curve values and adjunct levels have been found for both methods (MCR and RVA). By calculating the repeatability, however, it has been revealed that the precision of the MCR method is significantly better than that of the RVA method.  相似文献   

Structural changes in femoral bone tissue of rats after subchronic peroral exposure to selenium     

Monika Martiniaková  Ivana Boboňová  Radoslav Omelka  Birgit Grosskopf  Robert Stawarz  Róbert Toman 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2013,55(1):8

Background

The role of selenium (Se) on bone microarchitecture is still poorly understood. The present study aims to investigate the macroscopic and microscopic structures of femoral bone tissue in adult male rats after subchronic peroral administration of Se.

Methods

Twenty one-month-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two experimental groups. In the first group (Se group) young males were exposed to 5 mg Na₂SeO₃/L in drinking water, for 90 days. Ten one-month-old males without Se administration served as a control group. At the end of the experiment, macroscopic and microscopic structures of the femurs were analysed using analytical scales, sliding instrument, and polarized light microscopy.

Results

The body weight, femoral length and cortical bone thickness were significantly decreased in Se group rats. These rats also displayed different microstructure in the middle part of the femur, both in medial and lateral views, where vascular canals expanded into the central area of the bone while, in control rats, these canals occurred only near the endosteal surfaces. Additionally, a smaller number of primary and secondary osteons was identified in Se group rats. Histomorphometric analyses revealed significant increases for area, perimeter, maximum and minimum diameters of primary osteons’ vascular canals but significant reductions for all measured variables of Haversian canals and secondary osteons.

Conclusions

Se negatively affected the macroscopic and microscopic structures of femoral bone tissue in adult male rats. The results contribute to the knowledge on damaging impact of Se on bone.  相似文献   

Diagnostic determination of melamine and related compounds in kidney tissue by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Filigenzi MS  Puschner B  Aston LS  Poppenga RH 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(17):7593-7599

In 2007, it was determined that melamine, ammeline, ammelide, and cyanuric acid (abbreviated as MARC for melamine and related contaminants) had been added to wheat gluten and rice protein that were subsequently incorporated into pet food. The consumption of food tainted by MARC compounds was implicated in numerous instances of renal failure in cats and dogs. A method for the analysis of MARC compounds in kidney tissue using high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS) has been developed. MARC analytes were extracted by homogenization of kidney tissue in 50/40/10 acetonitrile/water/diethylamine. The homogenate was centrifuged, and an aliquot of supernatant was diluted with acetonitrile, concentrated, and fortified with a stable isotope-labeled analogue of melamine. Analytes were detected using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and multiple reaction monitoring. Quantitation of positive samples was performed using the internal standard method and five-point calibration curves ranging between 50 and 1000 ng/mL of each analyte. The method was validated by analysis of replicate kidney tissue samples fortified with the individual analytes and by analysis of kidney samples fortified with melamine cyanurate powder at two different concentrations. This method was successfully used for routine postmortem diagnosis of melamine toxicosis in animals. Melamine was also detected by this method in paraffin-embedded tissue from animals suspected to have died of melamine toxicosis.  相似文献   

Grain yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under long‐term heat stress is sink‐limited with stronger inhibition of kernel setting than grain filling     

Birgit W. Hütsch  Dana Jahn  Sven Schubert 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2019,205(1):22-32

The aim of the study was to investigate source‐sink relations of wheat under continuous heat stress and to identify bottle necks of yield formation. A pot experiment was conducted in two climatic chambers exposing wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Thasos) either to day/night temperatures of 20/20°C (control conditions) or of 30/25°C (heat stress) during the whole vegetation period in the absence of plant water deficit. Plants were harvested at four phenological stages: three‐node stage (DC 33), start of flowering (DC 61), grain filling (DC 75) and maturity (DC 94). Heat stress shortened the development phases of the plants and caused a significant decrease in total above‐ground biomass between 19% and 41%. At grain filling and at maturity, the reductions in total shoot biomass mainly resulted from grain yield depressions by 77% and 58%, respectively. The ear number per plant was significantly higher under heat stress in comparison with the control, at maturity it was more than doubled. On the contrary, under heat stress, the kernel number per ear was strongly decreased by 83% and 75% during grain filling and at maturity, respectively. The decrease in individual kernel weight was 23% at maturity. Thus, the heat‐stressed plants were able to strongly increase the number of ear‐bearing tillers which were able to set only a small number of kernels, yet these kernels showed good grain filling. The harvest index (HI) of heat‐stressed plants was significantly reduced by 36% (control: HI = 50.1% ± 0.4, heat: HI = 32.2% ± 0.9***). The plants in the stress treatment adapted to the adverse conditions by less biomass production which presumably allowed a higher transpiration without an increase in total water consumption. Nevertheless, under heat stress, the water use efficiency (WUE_grain) was strongly decreased by 62% as a result of a small grain yield. In ears and grains, the sucrose, glucose and fructose concentrations were not significantly different between control and heat stress at start of flowering and during grain filling. Thus, the supply of assimilates was not restricted (no source limitation). Sink capacity was reduced by heat stress, as lesser and smaller kernels were produced than in the control. Concerning sink activity, the sink‐limiting step during kernel set is probably the active transport of hexoses across the plasma membrane into the developing kernels, which could also affect grain filling. This needs to be investigated in more detail in further studies.  相似文献   

Vitamin E and selenium concentrations in month-old beef calves.     

John Maas  Bruce R Hoar  Daniel M Myers  Justin Tindall  Birgit Puschner 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2008,20(1):86-89

Three groups of beef cow and calf pairs were studied to determine plasma vitamin E and blood selenium (Se) concentrations of calves at 1 month old. Group 1 was managed on irrigated pasture and calves received no Se/vitamin E injections at birth. Group 2 was managed on irrigated pasture, and the calves were injected with Se/vitamin E at birth. Group 3 was managed on dry foothill grasslands, and these cows were supplemented with 56.3 mg vitamin E and 3 mg Se daily, and the calves received a Se/vitamin E injection at birth. The plasma concentration of vitamin E in group 1 and 2 cows (9.5 +/- 1.24 and 8.43 +/- 1.0 microg/ml, respectively) was significantly higher than that of the group 3 cows (2.28 +/- 0.42 microg/ml; P < 0.05). The blood Se concentrations in group 3 cows (169 +/- 37 ng/ml) were significantly higher than those in group 1 and 2 cows (36.4 +/- 15.9 and 31.1 +/- 12.5 ng/ml, respectively; P < 0.05). Calf Se was highly correlated to cow Se (r = 0.965), and calf vitamin E was moderately correlated to cow vitamin E (r = 0.605). Calf vitamin E concentrations were consistently lower than cow vitamin E concentrations, and many values would be considered deficient.  相似文献   

Interaction of ionophore and vitamin E in knockdown syndrome of turkeys     

Rocio Crespo  H L Shivaprasad  Franz Sommer  Birgit Puschner 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2008,20(4):472-476

Monensin and vitamin E concentrations, as well as histopathology of skeletal muscles and myocardium, were evaluated in broad-breasted white turkeys kept in commercial facilities. Turkeys with knockdown syndrome had myopathy of skeletal muscles, but no lesions in the myocardium. Generally, concentration of monensin in serum was highest in turkeys diagnosed with knockdown syndrome given more than 90 mg/kg of monensin in the diet, followed by turkeys diagnosed with knockdown syndrome given <90 mg/kg of monensin in the diet, healthy turkeys fed a diet that contained <90 mg/kg of monensin, and finally healthy turkeys fed a diet free of monensin (not detectable). However, the concentration of monensin was highly variable within each group, and the median was lower than the average. Vitamin E concentrations in the livers varied from low-normal to below normal and were statistically higher in healthy turkeys fed a diet free of monensin than in the livers of birds from the 3 groups exposed to monensin. This suggests that the concentration of monensin in serum positively correlates to the severity of clinical signs and pathology and to the amount of monensin in the feed. Although the methodology developed to detect serum monensin concentrations is beneficial and accurate for case investigations, it is recommended that several samples from each flock be evaluated because of variation within a flock. The current study also suggests that monensin in the feed could induce lower concentrations of vitamin E in the liver of turkeys and can predispose the turkeys to knockdown syndrome.  相似文献   

Presence and genetic variability of Piscine orthoreovirus genotype 1 (PRV‐1) in wild salmonids in Northern Europe and North Atlantic Ocean     

Niccol Vendramin  Argelia Cuenca  Juliane Srensen  Anna L. F. Alencar  Debes H. Christiansen  Jan A. Jacobsen  Charlotte Axen  Franois Lieffrig  Neil M. Ruane  Patrick Martin  Timothy Sheehan  Tine M. Iburg  Espen Rimstad  Niels J. Olesen 《Journal of fish diseases》2019,42(8):1107-1118

Piscine orthoreovirus genotype 1 (PRV‐1) is widespread in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) populations in northern Europe, Canada and Chile. PRV‐1 occurs in wild fish in Norway and Canada; however, little information of its geographical distribution in wild populations is currently available, and the effect of PRV‐1 infection in wild populations is currently unknown. In this study, we present the findings of a survey conducted on 1,130 wild salmonids sampled in Denmark, Sweden, Ireland, Faroe Islands, France, Belgium and Greenland between 2008 and 2017. PRV‐1 is reported for the first time in wild salmonids in Denmark, Sweden, Faroe Island and Ireland. The annual PRV‐1 prevalence ranged from 0% in France, Belgium and Greenland to 43% in Faroe Islands. In total, 66 samples tested positive for PRV‐1, including Atlantic salmon broodfish returning to spawn and Atlantic salmon collected at the feeding ground north of Faroe Islands. The phylogenetic analysis of S1 sequences of the PRV‐1 isolates obtained in this survey did not show systematic geographical distribution. This study sheds light on the spread and genetic diversity of the virus identified in populations of free‐living fish and provides rationale for screening wild broodfish used in restocking programmes.  相似文献   

Nitrous oxide emission as affected by changes in soil water content and nitrogen fertilization     

Birgit W. Hütsch  Xiaozhi Wang  Ke Feng  Feng Yan  Sven Schubert 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1999,162(6):607-613

Nitrous oxide emission was measured in laboratory incubations of an alluvial soil (58% clay, pH 7.4). The soil was amended with 40 mg N kg⁻¹ as NaNO₃ or NH₄Cl, or with NaCl as a control. Each fertilization treatment was adjusted to three different water contents: constant 60% WHC (water-holding capacity), constant 120% WHC, and water content alternating between 60 and 120% WHC. During an 8-day incubation period N₂O emission rates and inorganic nitrogen concentrations in soil (NH₄⁺, NO₂⁻, NO₃⁻) were determined at regular intervals. In the control and after nitrate application small N₂O emission rates occurred with only minor variations over time, and no differences between the water treatments. In contrast, with ammonium application N₂O emission rates were much higher during the first two days of incubation, with peaks in the constant 60% WHC and 120% WHC at day 1 and in the changing-water treatment at day 2, when the first wet period (120% WHC) was completed. This N₂O peak in the changing-water treatment was 4 to 9 times higher than with constant WHC and occurred when both, NH₄⁺ and NO₂⁻ concentrations declined sharply. Thus, this N₂O emission flush can be attributed to nitrifier denitrification. After the second rewetting of the NH₄⁺-amended soil no further N₂O emission peak was observed, being in accordance with small NH₄⁺ and NO₂⁻ concentrations in soil at that time. The unexpectedly small N₂O fluxes in the constant 120% WHC treatment after nitrate application were probably caused by the reduction of N₂O to N₂ under the prevailing conditions. It can be concluded that continuous wetting or flooding of a soil is an effective measure to reduce N₂O emissions immediately after the application of NH₄⁺ fertilizers.  相似文献