Anatomic and volumetric characterization of the cisterna chyli using CT lymphangiography and computer‐assisted design software in dogs with idiopathic chylothorax     

Jose L. Carvajal  J. Brad Case  Federico Vilaplana Grosso  Elizabeth Huynh  Valentine Verpaalen  Alexander Fox‐Alvarez  Penny J. Regier 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2020,61(3):312-321

The objectives of this retrospective, observational study were to characterize the anatomical features of the cisterna chyli (CC) in a cohort of dogs diagnosed with idiopathic chylothorax that underwent CT lymphangiography (CTLa), and to evaluate the feasibility of computer‐assisted design (CAD) software to quantify volumetric measurements of the CC. Twenty‐three client‐owned dogs with idiopathic chylothorax were included. Additionally, CTLa was performed in three canine cadavers to assess the ability of CAD software to accurately acquire volumetric measurements. Injection sites, attenuation values, anatomic location, dimensions, and aortic diameter to CC ratio (Ao:CC) were recorded. Video records of video‐assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) thoracic duct ligation (TDL) were reviewed in eight out of 23 dogs to compare operative and CTLa findings. The CC was dorsal and right‐sided in 18 out of 23 dogs, located between L1 and L4 in 21 dogs, and extended as far cranially as T11 in two dogs. The median measurements for length, height, and width were 150.0, 5.5, and 13.3 mm, respectively. Median total volume was 1.82 mL. Median volumes to the right and left of the aorta were 1.46 and 0.49 mL, respectively (P = .014). Median total CC volume to body weight ratio (CC:bw) was 0.07 mL/kg. The presence of an intrathoracic CC was observed intraoperatively in six out of eight cases that underwent VATS TDL. Findings supported the use of CTLa and CAD as feasible methods for characterizing the CC in dogs diagnosed with chylothorax. These methods may facilitate interventional planning involving the CC such as embolization.  相似文献   

Effects of replacement of animal protein by soybean meal on growth and carcass composition in juvenile Australian freshwater crayfish     

Paul L. Jones  Sena S. De Silva  Brad D. Mitchell 《Aquaculture International》1996,4(4):339-359

A feed trial was conducted for 59 days with juvenile Cherax destructor, mean weight (se) 0.61 (0.01) g, reared communally and maintained on 16 isoenergetic diets containing crude protein levels of 15, 20, 25, and 30%. For each protein level the fish meal component was replaced by soybean meal to produce diets in which 0, 20, 40, or 60% of the protein originated from soybean meal. Mean percentage weight gain per day ranged from 2.98% (15% protein, 60% soybean meal diet), to 11.75% (30% protein, 40% soybean meal diet). When soybean meal was included at a level of 40–60%, growth rate was reduced relative to that achieved with control diets at 15% and 20% protein levels. In no case did a 20% substitution significantly affect growth over that achieved with controls. A two-way interaction occurred between dietary protein and the level of dietary soybean meal. Feeds of higher protein content appeared to permit higher soybean meal inclusion levels without significantly affecting growth. Increases of 5% protein produced a significant improvement in growth when soybean meal contributed from 40–60% of the total protein. This effect was less pronounced in the control diets and the 20% soybean meal series. The percentages of protein increased and lipid decreased in the carcass as the level of dietary protein increased. A similar effect occurred by increasing the soybean meal substitution level to 60%. An obvious trend in carcass moisture, energy, and ash did not occur. A protein requirement of 30% is apparent when fish meal and soybean meal are included in diets at levels of 20% and 24% respectively. A maximum weight of 14.13 g was recorded for an individual fed the 30% protein, 20% soybean meal diet.  相似文献   

Forest responses to climate change in the northwestern United States: Ecophysiological foundations for adaptive management   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Daniel J. Chmura  Paul D. Anderson  Glenn T. Howe  Constance A. Harrington  Jessica E. Halofsky  David L. Peterson  David C. Shaw  J. Brad St.Clair 《Forest Ecology and Management》2011,261(7):1121-1142

Climate change resulting from increased concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide ([CO₂]) is expected to result in warmer temperatures and changed precipitation regimes during this century. In the northwestern U.S., these changes will likely decrease snowpack, cause earlier snowmelt, increase summer evapotranspiration, and increase the frequency and severity of droughts. Elevated [CO₂] and warmer temperatures may have positive effects on growth and productivity where there is adequate moisture or growth is currently limited by cold. However, the effects of climate change are generally expected to reduce growth and survival, predispose forests to disturbance by wildfire, insects, and disease; and ultimately change forest structure and composition at the landscape scale. Substantial warming will likely decrease winter chilling resulting in delayed bud burst, and adversely affect flowering and seed germination for some species. The extent of these effects will depend on the magnitude of climate change, the abilities of individual trees to acclimate, and for tree populations to adapt in situ, or to migrate to suitable habitats. These coping mechanisms may be insufficient to maintain optimal fitness of tree populations to rapidly changing climate. Physiological responses to climatic stresses are relatively well-understood at the organ or whole-plant scale but not at the stand or landscape scale. In particular, the interactive effects of multiple stressors is not well known. Genetic and silvicultural approaches to increase adaptive capacities and to decrease climate-related vulnerabilities of forests can be based on ecophysiological knowledge. Effective approaches to climate adaptation will likely include assisted migration of species and populations, and density management. Use of these approaches to increase forest resistance and resilience at the landscape scale requires a better understanding of species adaptations, within-species genetic variation, and the mitigating effects of silvicultural treatments.  相似文献   

Effect of flunixin meglumine on the amelioration of lameness in dairy steers with amphotericin B-induced transient synovitis-arthritis     

Schulz KL  Anderson DE  Coetzee JF  White BJ  Miesner MD 《American journal of veterinary research》2011,72(11):1431-1438

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Pathology in practice. Thymic lymphoma with vertebral bone marrow involvement, spinal cord compression, and Wallerian degeneration     

Cramer SD  Njaa BL  Genova SG  Gilliam JN 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2011,238(12):1565-1567

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Internal validation of a computerized systems model for health management decision support in growing hogs     

James W. Lloyd  Stephen B. Harsh  John B. Kaneene  Gerald D. Schwab  Brad J. Thacker  Andrew J. Thulin 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1994,19(3-4):267-276

A study was designed to conduct an internal validation of a computerized systems model for health management decision support in growing hogs. Evaluation focused on both the alpha-beta tracker, which was employed to predict underlying system variables, and the simulation model itself, which predicted system performance. Both mean absolute prediction error and Theil's u₂ statistic were calculated. Simulation scenarios were designed to highlight specific aspects of the model. In addition, a case example was developed to demonstrate the model's logical consistency and its applicability for assessing the economics of health management decisions. Use of the alpha-beta tracker to project data series, including pig deaths and disease prevalence rates at slaughter, was largely unsuccessful. The model consistently predicted hogs marketed such that 0 < u₂ < 1. Also, decreased disease rates improved both physical and financial performance as expected. Depending on the quarter involved, the maximum bid to achieve a 50% decrease in the prevalence rates of pneumonia at slaughter and a 10% decrease in the prevalence rates of atrophic rhinitis at slaughter ranged from $0.15 to $0.37 per hog marketed for one producer. Future validation efforts should emphasize data quality and the effects of disease on production while seeking system application in a commercial production setting.  相似文献   

Spinal mast cell tumor in a dog.     

Lisa E Moore  Laura D Garrett  Brad Debey  David S Biller 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2002,38(1):67-70

A 6-year-old, spayed female rottweiler was referred for left forelimb lameness followed by tetraparesis. A mast cell tumor compressing the spinal cord at the level of the sixth cervical to first thoracic (C6-T1) vertebrae was diagnosed based on cervical myelography and necropsy findings. This was considered a primary extracutaneous mast cell tumor, as no evidence of disease was found elsewhere. This is the first report of a primary mast cell tumor in this location.  相似文献   

Slab fractures of the third carpal bone involving both radial and intermediate facets and outcomes after surgical repair in racing Quarter Horses     

Brad B. Nelson  Shauna P. Lawless  C. Wayne McIlwraith 《Equine veterinary journal》2022,54(3):556-562

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Outcomes after cervical vertebral interbody fusion using an interbody fusion device and polyaxial pedicle screw and rod construct in 10 horses (2015-2019)     

Lynn M. Pezzanite  Jeremiah T. Easley  Rosemary Bayless  Ellison Aldrich  Brad B. Nelson  Howard B. Seim III  Yvette S. Nout-Lomas 《Equine veterinary journal》2022,54(2):347-358

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Sourcing Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae strains from Mediterranean centres of origin to optimize nitrogen fixation in forage legumes grown on acid soils     

Ron J. Yates  Robert J. Harrison  Angelo Loi  Emma J. Steel  Tom J. Edwards  Brad J. Nutt  Claudio Porqueddu  Fabio Gresta  John G. Howieson 《Grass and Forage Science》2021,76(1):33-43

Over the last three decades, farming systems in Europe and Australia have seen a decline in legume plantings, leading to reduced soil carbon and fertility, and an increase in plant disease, reliance on industrial nitrogen fertilizer and herbicides. In Australia, one reason for this decline has been the movement towards sowing crops and forages into dry soil, before the opening rains, as a consequence of climate variability. This practice predicates against the survival of rhizobial inoculants, and hence generates uncertainty about legume performance. The research reported here was initiated to improve the robustness of a specific forage legume/rhizobia symbiosis to increase nitrogen fixation in low pH, infertile soils. Rhizobial strains (Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae) from Pisum sativum L. were sourced from acid soils in southern Italy and southern Australia. Strains were evaluated for N fixation on the forage legumes P. sativum, Vicia sativa and Vicia villosa, then for survival and persistence in acid soils (pH_Ca 4.6). Fourteen of the strains produced a higher percentage of nitrogen derived from the atmosphere (%Ndfa) compared to commercial comparator strain SU303 (<78%). Twenty‐two strains survived sufficiently into the second season to form more nodules than SU303, which only achieved 3% of plants nodulated. Elite strains WSM4643 and WSM4645 produced six times more nodulated plants than SU303 and had significantly higher saprophytic competence in acid soil. These strains have the ability to optimize symbiotic associations with field peas and vetch in soils with low fertility, carbon and pH that are restrictive to the current commercial strain SU303.  相似文献