Farmers’ perceptions of coexistence between agriculture and a large scale coal seam gas development     

Neil I. Huth  Brett Cocks  Neal Dalgliesh  Perry L. Poulton  Oswald Marinoni  Javier Navarro Garcia 《Agriculture and Human Values》2018,35(1):99-115

The Coal Seam Gas (CSG) extraction industry is developing rapidly within the Surat Basin in southern Queensland, Australia, with licenses already approved for tenements covering more than 24,000 km². Much of this land is used for a broad range of agricultural purposes and the need for coexistence between the farm and gas industries has been the source of much conflict. Whilst much research has been undertaken into the environmental and economic impacts of CSG, little research has looked into the issues of coexistence between farmers and the CSG industry in the shared space that is a farm business, a home and a resource extraction network. We conducted three workshops with farmers from across a broad region undergoing CSG development to explore farmers’ perceptions of some of the issues arising from large scale land use change. Workshops explored the importance of place identity and landscape aesthetics for farmers, farmers’ acceptance and coping with change, and possible benefits from off-farm income. We found that farmers believed that place identity was not well understood by CSG staff from non-rural backgrounds and that farmers struggled to explain some concerns because of the different way they interpreted their landscape. Furthermore, high staff turnover, and the extensive use of contractors also impacted on communications. These factors were the cause of much frustration and farmers felt that this has led to severe impacts on mental health and wellbeing. Farmers felt that a change in culture within the CSG companies will be required if engagement with farmers is to improve and that efforts to employ local people in these communications was helping this. The workshops also identified a range of issues perceived by farmers arising from increased traffic volumes, impacts to mental health and wellbeing, place identity and loss of water resources for farmers. Finally, it was suggested that scientists and agricultural industry groups will need to work closely with farmers to develop understanding of these emerging issues and to develop solutions that are timely and relevant.  相似文献   

Bioaccumulation of Trace and Non-trace Elements in Blood and Fibers of Alpacas (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Vicugna pacos</Emphasis>) that Graze in Italian Pastures     

Stefania Squadrone  Maria Cesarina Abete  Marco Rizzi  Gabriella Monaco  Livio Favaro 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2018,229(2):41

The concentrations of trace and non-trace elements were determined in blood and fibers of alpacas (Vicugna pacos) from a north Italian area, as well as in their pasture forages. This is the first investigation regarding this species in Italy, and the first considering alpaca’s fiber as bioindicator worldwide. Metal contents in blood were in the decreasing order: copper?>?zinc?>?aluminum?>?selenium?>?lead?>?nickel?>?manganese?>?chromium?>?arsenic and cadmium, while in fiber, metal levels were in the following order: aluminum?>?zinc?>?copper?>?manganese?>?chromium?>?nickel?>?selenium?>?lead?>?arsenic and cadmium. Antimony, beryllium, mercury, tin, and thallium were below the limit of quantification (0.010 mg kg^?1). The analysis of the alpacas’ forage confirmed the same trend found in fiber, suggesting that metal bioaccumulation was affected by diet. These preliminary results have shown that all the trace elements studied bioaccumulated to a greater extent in the fibers of the alpaca than in the blood. Accordingly, we may suggest that alpaca fibers could be used for monitoring exposure especially to non-essential metals like aluminum, cadmium, and lead, and could constitute a suitable non-invasive method for measuring trace and non-trace element exposure in camelids.  相似文献   

Growth and fillet quality attributes of five genetic strains of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) reared in a partial water reuse system and harvested at different sizes          下载免费PDF全文

Curtis C Crouse  John W Davidson  Christopher M Good  Travis C May  Steven T Summerfelt  P Brett Kenney  Timothy D Leeds  Beth M Cleveland 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(4):1672-1681

Genetics and harvest size influence fish growth performance and product quality attributes, making selection of fish strain and harvest size critical for optimizing quality. Definition of performance and quality outcomes in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) environment may guide selection of fish stocks best suited for RAS farmers to meet production and product quality goals. Accordingly, five genetic lines of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss were reared to 3 kg in a partial water reuse system and sampled at common harvest sizes (0.5, 1, 2 and 3 kg) to compare growth performance and product quality attributes. Fish weight affected fish processing yields and cook yields. Genetic line affected fish weight. When correcting for fish size, differences in fillet yields due to genetic line were present. Both fish weight and genetic line affected different organ indices, fillet colour scores and mortality. Muscle composition and texture were similar at each harvest, but changed with increasing fish size over time. Differences in growth performance and product quality traits due to genetic line identify variation in available fish stocks, and balancing change to these traits due to fish size can guide producer selection of fish stocks and optimal harvest size to meet individual production goals.  相似文献   

Partial utilization efficiencies of protein and methionine by barramundi (Lates calcarifer) in response to dietary methionine source and form          下载免费PDF全文

David A Poppi  Brett D Glencross 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(7):2518-2526

An experiment was conducted with barramundi (Lates calcarifer) juveniles (initial weight 10.3 g ± 0.3 g) to examine the partial efficiency of utilization of methionine (Met) from intact protein (fishmeal or lupin protein concentrate) and a crystalline DL‐Met source. Fish were fed at one of three ration levels: Low (0.4 g/fish/day), Moderate (0.8 g/fish/day) and High (1.6 g/fish/day). Those fed the fishmeal‐based diet (Diet FML) at the highest ration level grew to an average weight of 37.3 ± 0.46 g, whereas those fed the Lupin Protein Concentrate (LPC)‐based diet fortified with all EAA (Diet LPCM) at the highest ration level grew to 25.4 ± 2.27 g. The weight of the fish fed the LPC diet with no additional Met (Diet LPC) even at the highest ration level declined over the course of the experiment resulting in a final weight of 9.2 ± 0.88 g, clearly demonstrating the impact of dietary Met deficiency. The partial efficiency of protein utilization was also significantly reduced when Met was limiting (a coefficient of 0.06, compared to 0.39 in the Met‐supplemented LPC diet). The results suggested that the partial efficiencies (coefficients) of both Met and protein utilization in diets where crystalline Met is the primary source of Met (Diet LPCM: 0.26 and 0.39 respectively) were significantly poorer than from an intact protein source (Diet FML: 0.89 and 0.67 respectively) when Met is provided in excess.  相似文献   

Analgesic effects of morphine and butorphanol in broiler chickens     

Preet M. Singh  Craig B. Johnson  Brett Gartrell  Sheryl Mitchinson  Antony Jacob  Paul Chambers 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(3):538-545

Objective

To evaluate analgesic efficacies of morphine and butorphanol in lame broiler chickens.

Study design

Double blind, randomized, controlled experimental study.

Animals

In study 1, 36 lame and 36 sound chickens. In study 2, 48 lame and 48 sound chickens.

Methods

Sound and lame chickens were gait scored and randomly assigned into four groups: sound-drug, sound-placebo, lame-drug, and lame-placebo in study 1. In study 2, an additional lame and sound handling control group was included. Chickens in drug groups were injected with either morphine or butorphanol 2 mg kg^?1 intravenously. Chickens in placebo groups were injected with an equal volume of normal saline. All birds underwent an obstacle course (OC) and latency-to-lie (LTL) test before injection and at 30 minutes and 2 hours after injection, to assess their walking ability and their standing ability. The time taken to finish the OC and the standing time in the LTL test were recorded. Friedman tests with Dunn’s correction were used to identify significant differences.

Results

Lame chickens finished the OC faster (mean ± standard deviation 36 ± 8 c.f. 69 ± 18 seconds) after the injection of butorphanol. Morphine caused sedation with an increase in time taken to finish the OC, even in sound chickens. In the lame handling control and placebo groups the OC times increased and the LTL times decreased with each observation.

Conclusion

Intravenous butorphanol (2 mg kg^?1) may be analgesic in chickens for up to 2 hours. Morphine caused sedation.  相似文献   

On the Chemistry,Toxicology and Genetics of the Cyanobacterial Toxins,Microcystin, Nodularin,Saxitoxin and Cylindrospermopsin     

Leanne Pearson  Troco Mihali  Michelle Moffitt  Ralf Kellmann  Brett Neilan 《Marine drugs》2010,8(5):1650-1680

The cyanobacteria or “blue-green algae”, as they are commonly termed, comprise a diverse group of oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria that inhabit a wide range of aquatic and terrestrial environments, and display incredible morphological diversity. Many aquatic, bloom-forming species of cyanobacteria are capable of producing biologically active secondary metabolites, which are highly toxic to humans and other animals. From a toxicological viewpoint, the cyanotoxins span four major classes: the neurotoxins, hepatotoxins, cytotoxins, and dermatoxins (irritant toxins). However, structurally they are quite diverse. Over the past decade, the biosynthesis pathways of the four major cyanotoxins: microcystin, nodularin, saxitoxin and cylindrospermopsin, have been genetically and biochemically elucidated. This review provides an overview of these biosynthesis pathways and additionally summarizes the chemistry and toxicology of these remarkable secondary metabolites.  相似文献   

Model legumes contribute to faba bean breeding     

Nicolas Rispail  Péter Kaló  György B. Kiss  T.H. Noel Ellis  Karine Gallardo  Richard D. Thompson  Elena Prats  Estibaliz Larrainzar  Ruben Ladrera  Esther M. González  Cesar Arrese-Igor  Brett J. Ferguson  Peter M. Gresshoff  Diego Rubiales 《Field Crops Research》2010

Faba bean is an excellent candidate crop to provide nitrogen input into temperate agricultural systems. However, its growth is hampered by several factors including environmental stresses and the presence of anti-nutritional factors. To solve these limitations, breeding programs have been initiated that were successful for monogenic traits but not so for multigenic traits. The large genome size of faba bean has slowed down breeding processes. Several other legumes have emerged as model legumes including Medicago truncatula, Lotus japonicus, Glycine max and Pisum sativum. The establishment of these models has already boosted our understanding of important processes such as the nitrogen-fixing symbiotic interaction. The high level of synteny and collinearity existing between legumes makes possible the transfer of key knowledge from model legumes to faba bean. Here we review the most recent knowledge gained from model legumes on grain quality, resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, nitrogen-fixing symbiosis and how this knowledge can be employed for faba bean breeding.  相似文献   

Multicenter case-control study of signalment, diagnostic features, and outcome associated with cervical vertebral malformation-malarticulation in horses     

Levine JM  Scrivani PV  Divers TJ  Furr M  Mayhew IJ  Reed S  Levine GJ  Foreman JH  Boudreau C  Credille BC  Tennent-Brown B  Cohen ND 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2010,237(7):812-822

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Pathology in practice. Pemphigus foliaceous     

Camus MS  Austel MG  Woolums AR  Stone CA  Tennent-Brown BS  Sakamoto K 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2010,237(9):1041-1043

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Copper,Zinc-Superoxide Dismutase Activity in Exercising Horses Fed Two Forms of Trace Mineral Supplements     

Elizabeth L. Wagner  Gary D. Potter )  Pete G. Gibbs  Elena M. Eller  Brett D. Scott  Martha M. Vogelsang  Rosemary L. Walzem 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2010

Nine mature horses were used to evaluate superoxide dismutase (SOD) response to a low-intensity standard exercise test and the effect of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) supplement form on enzyme activity. The modified switchback experiment was conducted over seven 28-day periods. Horses were conditioned to perform an average daily workload of 3.93 kg∗km∗10⁻³ with a digestible energy (DE) demand of approximately 29 Mcal. Following a controlled Cu and Zn repletion-depletion diet sequence, horses were fed a diet intended to be marginally deficient in Cu and Zn with the minerals supplemented in either sulfate or organic chelate forms. Horses were then subjected to a standardized exercise test to enable evaluation of SOD activity during exercise and immediate recovery. In the final analyses, mineral contents of the experimental diets were significantly different (P < .05). The mean mineral concentration of the sulfate diet was 6.28 ppm Cu and 35.99 ppm Zn, while the chelate diet contained 23.62 ppm Cu and 90.67 ppm Zn. Even so, resting SOD activity was not altered by diet (1793.47 ± 323.00 U/g Hb for the sulfate diet, 1355.70 ± 148.32 U/g Hb for the organic-chelate diet), nor did SOD activity change in response to the low-intensity workout. The SOD activity was unchanged by feeding a Cu and Zn supplemented diet to horses fed to be in a mineral-deficient state. These exercise bouts did not appear to have a significant impact on SOD activity. Other types of oxidative stress should be considered when trying to evaluate the antioxidant responsiveness of this enzyme.  相似文献