Seasonal and Diurnal Variation in Simple Sugar and Fructan Composition of Orchardgrass Pasture and Hay in the Piedmont Region of the United States     

Isabelle A. Kagan  Brett H. Kirch  Craig D. Thatcher  James R. Strickland  Chris D. Teutsch  François Elvinger  R. Scott Pleasant 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2011,31(8):488-497

Seasonal and diurnal changes in water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and ethanol-soluble carbohydrates (ESC), as well as in chromatographic profiles of the sugars comprising these categories, were studied in orchardgrass pastures at one location in the Piedmont region of Virginia. Grass from four experimental plots was sampled weekly in the morning and afternoon over an 8-week period (early to late spring). Tissue was air-dried to simulate hay, or frozen to preserve the sugar profiles of fresh pasture. WSC and ESC were assayed colorimetrically. To profile sugars, boiled-water extracts were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to pulsed amperometric detection. Fructan, glucose, fructose, and sucrose were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. All sugar concentrations were highest in the early spring in both fresh and dried tissue. Fructan chain length was highest in early spring as well. Significant diurnal differences were observed for WSC and fructan, on some dates (P < .0001 and P = .024, respectively), and for ESC, glucose, and sucrose averaged over the entire period (P = .0002, .004, and <.0001, respectively). Sucrose was barely detectable in fresh tissue but reached 1.6% to 12% dry matter in dried tissue. These results demonstrate changes in orchardgrass carbohydrates over a season, within a day, and between dried and fresh herbage. Understanding these changes may be helpful in the management of horses with a history of insulin resistance and laminitis.  相似文献   

Alternative extraction techniques in the dog and cat     

Beckman B  Smith MM 《Journal of veterinary dentistry》2011,28(2):134-138

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Fucoidan Structure and Its Impact on Glucose Metabolism: Implications for Diabetes and Cancer Therapy     

Blessing Mabate  Chantal Dsire Daub  Samkelo Malgas  Adrienne Lesley Edkins  Brett Ivan Pletschke 《Marine drugs》2021,19(1)

Fucoidans are complex polysaccharides derived from brown seaweeds which consist of considerable proportions of L-fucose and other monosaccharides, and sulphated ester residues. The search for novel and natural bioproduct drugs (due to toxicity issues associated with chemotherapeutics) has led to the extensive study of fucoidan due to reports of it having several bioactive characteristics. Among other fucoidan bioactivities, antidiabetic and anticancer properties have received the most research attention in the past decade. However, the elucidation of the fucoidan structure and its biological activity is still vague. In addition, research has suggested that there is a link between diabetes and cancer; however, limited data exist where dual chemotherapeutic efforts are elucidated. This review provides an overview of glucose metabolism, which is the central process involved in the progression of both diseases. We also highlight potential therapeutic targets and show the relevance of fucoidan and its derivatives as a candidate for both cancer and diabetes therapy.  相似文献   

A comparison of the water use of tree belts and pasture in recharge and discharge zones in a saline catchment in the Central West of NSW, Australia   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Russell S. Crosbie  Brett Wilson  Justin D. Hughes  Christopher McCulloch  Warren McG. King 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(3):211-223

Planting trees has been proposed as part of the solution to dryland salinity in Australia. The best location in the landscape and the spatial arrangement of trees however, is difficult to determine. This paper presents a case study of a field experiment that compared the water use of tree belts with that of pastures in recharge and discharge areas of a first order catchment in the Central West of NSW, Australia.The recharge tree belt and both pasture sites used very similar amounts of water but the discharge tree belt used double the water of the other three land uses by accessing groundwater. The discharge tree belt operated in an energy-limited environment, transpiring at a rate equivalent to atmospheric demand whereas the other three land uses were all water-limited. From a land management point of view, the establishment of more trees on the discharge site would have the biggest impact on reducing saline discharge and the least impact on the agricultural operations.  相似文献   

Identification of two thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) in the pollination drop of hybrid yew that may play a role in pathogen defence during pollen collection     

O'Leary SJ  Poulis BA  von Aderkas P 《Tree physiology》2007,27(12):1649-1659

We describe the proteomic identification of two pathogenesis-related group 5 (PR-5) proteins, an acidic thaumatin-like protein (TLP) and a basic TLP isolated from the pollination drop of hybrid yew (Taxus x media Rehder). The basic TLP (TxmTLPb) was the most abundant protein in the yew pollination drop based on protein spot size after two-dimensional electrophoresis. The acidic TLP (TxmTLPa) is also a major protein component of the yew ovular secretion and appears to be encoded by a number of mRNAs transcribed from a TLP gene family that has undergone limited sequence divergence. We have sequenced five acidic TLP-encoding cDNAs (TxmTLPa-1,2,3,4 and 5) isolated from the yew ovule that vary from each other by no more than five out of 233 amino acid residues in their predicted protein sequences. All of the cDNA variants encode TLPs possessing the 16 conserved cysteine residues and five charged amino acid side chains associated with antifungal activity. Amplification of genomic DNA with TxmTLPa primers indicated that at least 11 acidic TLPs with highly similar amino acid sequences may be expressed in yew tissues. Antibodies against TLPs confirmed the identity of TxmTLPa and TxmTLPb in the yew pollination drop and detected TLPs in the ovular secretions of four other species from three other conifer families. Our results suggest that TLPs are a conserved component of conifer ovular secretions and are involved in broad spectrum pathogen defence of ovules.  相似文献   

Carbon dioxide laser treatment of extensive pigmented viral plaque lesions in a golden retriever dog          下载免费PDF全文

Evie C. Knight  John S. Munday  Brett M. Stone  Michael A. Shipstone 《Veterinary dermatology》2016,27(5):442-e117

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The use of traits to interpret responses to large scale - edge effects: a study of epigaeic beetle assemblages across a <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eucalyptus</Emphasis> forest and pine plantation edge     

Maldwyn John Evans  Sam C. Banks  Kendi F. Davies  Jeff Mcclenahan  Brett Melbourne  Don A. Driscoll 《Landscape Ecology》2016,31(8):1815-1831

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Effect of adding crude glycerine to diets with feed additives on the feed intake,ruminal degradability,volatile fatty acid concentrations and in vitro gas production of feedlot Nellore cattle     

Marco Tulio C. Almeida  Josimari R. Paschoaloto  Henrique L. Perez  Vanessa B. Carvalho  Antonio C. Homem Junior  Vanessa R. Favaro  Hugh T. Blair  Jane M. B. Ezequiel 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2019,103(4):988-996

The effects of adding crude glycerine with sodium monensin or essential oils to beef cattle diets on the intake, degradability of DM and nutrients, rumen concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and in vitro gas production were evaluated. Five ruminally cannulated Nellore steers were randomly assigned to a 5 × 5 Latin square design. The treatments were as follows: CONT, without crude glycerine and additives; EO, with essential oils and without crude glycerine; MON, with sodium monensin and without crude glycerine; EOG, with essential oils and crude glycerine; MONG, with sodium monensin and crude glycerine. Treatments with essential oil and sodium monensin increased the NDF and STC intake and the DM degradability. When crude glycerine was combined with either sodium monensin or essential oil, there was a reduction in DM, NDF and STC intake and an increase in DM and CP degradability of the diets. The adding crude glycerine to essential oil diets reduced the CH₄ production. Sodium monensin treatments reduced DM and NDF intake and the production of total gas, CH₄, total VFA and acetic acid concentration. In conclusion, the adding crude glycerine (200 g/kg DM) with either sodium monensin (0.03 g/kg DM) or essential oil (0.5 g/kg DM) can be utilized in diets for Nellore cattle without causing detrimental effects on feed intake and improving the DM degradability.  相似文献   

Clinical outcomes after colopexy through left ventral paramedian incision in 156 thoroughbred broodmares with large colon disorders (1999‐2015)          下载免费PDF全文

Alecsya H. Broyles DVM  Scott A. Hopper DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS  J. Brett Woodie DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS  Alan J. Ruggles DVM  Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2018,47(4):490-498

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Clinical use of plasma lactate concentration. Part 2: Prognostic and diagnostic utility and the clinical management of hyperlactatemia          下载免费PDF全文

Patricia G. Rosenstein DVM  Brett S. Tennent‐Brown BVSc  DACVIM  DACVECC  Dez Hughes BVSc  DACVECC 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2018,28(2):106-121

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