Evaluation of platelet aggregation using a point-of-care instrument in retired racing Greyhounds     

Couto CG  Lara A  Iazbik MC  Brooks MB 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2006,20(2):365-370

Veterinarians involved in Greyhound rescue have anecdotally observed that 10-15% of Greyhounds bleed profusely after simple surgical procedures. In most patients, platelet counts and hemostasis profiles are normal; therefore, it is possible that these dogs have platelet dysfunction. The PFA-100 is a novel point-of-care platelet function analyzer that has recently been evaluated as a rapid method to assess platelet function in dogs. The objectives of this study were to characterize platelet function in a group of healthy Greyhounds by means of the PFA-100. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein from 30 healthy Greyhounds. CBC, biochemical profile, PFA-100 assay with collagen/epinephrine (COL-EPI) and collagen/ adenosindiphosphate (COL-ADP), plasma von Willebrand factor antigen concentration (vWF:Ag), and vWF collagen-binding assay (vWF:CBA) were performed. PFA-100 closure times (CTs) with COL/ADP ranged from 63 to 92 seconds (mean +/- SD, 74.7 +/- 7.9 seconds) and with COL/EPI from 87 to 238 seconds (138 +/- 41 seconds); vWF: Ag ranged from 22 to 120% (87.52 +/- 25.5%) and vWF: CBA ranged from 36 to 102% (77.4 +/- 17.3%); and platelet counts ranged from 147 to 265 x 10(9)/L (194.6 +/- 31.64 x 10(9)/L). Greyhound CTs were significantly shorter than CTs in a mixed population of 50 healthy non-Greyhound dogs, in which the COL/ADP CTs ranged from 61 to 172 seconds (mean +/- SD, 87 +/- 21.6 seconds), and the COL/ EPI CTs ranged from 81 to 300 seconds (mean +/- SD, 183 +/- 67.6 seconds; P = 0.005 for COL/ADP CT; P = 0.001 for COL/ EPI CT). Also, platelet counts were significantly lower (P = 0.001) and packed cell volume was significantly higher (P = 0.001) in the Greyhound than in the non-Greyhound group. The PFA-100 is a reproducible method that can be used in the clinical setting to assess platelet function in Greyhounds; however, normal CTs in healthy Greyhounds are shorter than in other breeds. The results obtained in this study will be used to screen for abnormal platelet function in Greyhounds with postoperative bleeding.  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics of acyclovir after single intravenous and oral administration to adult horses     

Bentz BG  Maxwell LK  Erkert RS  Royer CM  Davis MS  MacAllister CG  Clarke CR 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2006,20(3):589-594

The purpose of the study reported here was to describe the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of acyclovir after intravenous and oral administration to horses. Six healthy adult horses were used in a randomized cross-over study with a 3 x 3 Latin square design. Three treatments were administered to each horse: 10 mg of injectable acyclovir/kg of body weight in 1 L of normal saline delivered as an infusion over 15 minutes; 10 mg of acyclovir/kg in tablets by nasogastric intubation; and 20 mg of acyclovir/kg in tablets by nasogastric intubation. A 2-week washout period was provided between each treatment. Serum samples were obtained for acyclovir assay using reversed-phase, high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Deproteinated serum was injected onto a C18 column, and elution occurred under isocratic conditions. The limit of quantification was 0.04 microg/mL. The assay exhibited suitable accuracy, precision, and recovery. The IV data were analyzed by a 3-compartment model, and oral data were analyzed noncompartmentally. Intragastric acyclovir administration at either dose was associated with high variability in serum acyclovir-time profiles, low Cmax, and poor bioavailability. The dosage of 20 mg/kg was associated with mean (+/- SD) Cmax of 0.19 +/- 0.10 microg/mL, and bioavailability was 2.8%. Inhibition of equine herpesvirus has been reported to require significantly higher acyclovir concentrations than those obtained here. The results of this study do not support a therapeutic benefit for the oral administration of acyclovir up to doses of 20 mg/kg.  相似文献   

Left basilar systolic murmur in retired racing greyhounds     

Fabrizio F  Baumwart R  Iazbik MC  Meurs KM  Couto CG 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2006,20(1):78-82

Nineteen of 28 (67%) Greyhounds enrolled in the Blood Donor Program at The Veterinary Teaching Hospital, The Ohio State University (Columbus, OH), had a left basilar systolic murmur. Ten Greyhounds with murmurs and 9 without murmurs were evaluated to gain knowledge about the pathogenesis of this murmur. Echocardiograms were performed without sedation by means of a GE Vivid 7 Echocardiographic System with a continuous ECG; systolic arterial blood pressure (SABP) was measured with an Ultrasonic Doppler Flow detector model 811-B. The mean peak aortic velocity in the Greyhounds with murmurs (2.15 m/s; range, 1.8-2.2 m/s) was significantly higher than in the Greyhounds without murmurs (1.89 m/s; range, 1.6-2.0 m/s) (P < .001); there were no significant differences between groups for aortic valve or annulus diameter, fractional shortening, pulmonic velocity, SABP, hematocrit, serum protein concentration, or red blood cell counts. In this study, Greyhounds with soft, left basilar systolic murmurs had mildly (but significantly) higher mean peak aortic velocities than similar dogs without murmurs. In the dogs with murmurs (and higher velocities), we could not identify structural abnormalities, such as valvular lesions or other congenital defects. There was no inverse correlation between the systolic murmur and the higher hematocrit and red blood cell counts observed in this breed. This 1-2/6 basilar systolic murmur is common in Greyhounds, and it does not appear to be of any clinical consequence.  相似文献   

Disruption and reassociation of casein micelles under high pressure: influence of milk serum composition and casein micelle concentration     

Huppertz T  de Kruif CG 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(16):5903-5909

In this study, factors influencing the disruption and aggregation of casein micelles during high-pressure (HP) treatment at 250 MPa for 40 min were studied in situ in serum protein-free casein micelle suspensions. In control milk, light transmission increased with treatment time for approximately 15 min, after which a progressive partial reversal of the HP-induced increase in light transmission occurred, indicating initial HP-induced disruption of casein micelles, followed by reformation of casein aggregates from micellar fragments. The extent of HP-induced micellar disruption was negatively correlated with the concentration of casein micelles, milk pH, and levels of added ethanol, calcium chloride, or sodium chloride and positively correlated with the level of added sodium phosphate. The reformation of casein aggregates during prolonged HP treatment did not occur when HP-induced disruption of casein micelles was limited (<60%) or very extensive (>95%) and was promoted by a low initial milk pH or added sodium phosphate, sodium chloride, or ethanol. On the basis of these findings, a mechanism for HP-induced disruption of casein micelles and subsequent aggregation of micellar fragments is proposed, in which the main element appears to be HP-induced solubilization of micellar calcium phosphate.  相似文献   

A clamping mechanism involved in SNARE-dependent exocytosis     

Giraudo CG  Eng WS  Melia TJ  Rothman JE 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,313(5787):676-680

During neurotransmitter release at the synapse, influx of calcium ions stimulates the release of neurotransmitter. However, the mechanism by which synaptic vesicle fusion is coupled to calcium has been unclear, despite the identification of both the core fusion machinery [soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE)] and the principal calcium sensor (synaptotagmin). Here, we describe what may represent a basic principle of the coupling mechanism: a reversible clamping protein (complexin) that can freeze the SNAREpin, an assembled fusion-competent intermediate en route to fusion. When calcium binds to the calcium sensor synaptotagmin, the clamp would then be released. SNARE proteins, and key regulators like synaptotagmin and complexin, can be ectopically expressed on the cell surface. Cells expressing such "flipped" synaptic SNAREs fuse constitutively, but when we coexpressed complexin, fusion was blocked. Adding back calcium triggered fusion from this intermediate in the presence of synaptotagmin.  相似文献   

Global biodiversity conservation priorities     

Brooks TM  Mittermeier RA  da Fonseca GA  Gerlach J  Hoffmann M  Lamoreux JF  Mittermeier CG  Pilgrim JD  Rodrigues AS 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,313(5783):58-61

The location of and threats to biodiversity are distributed unevenly, so prioritization is essential to minimize biodiversity loss. To address this need, biodiversity conservation organizations have proposed nine templates of global priorities over the past decade. Here, we review the concepts, methods, results, impacts, and challenges of these prioritizations of conservation practice within the theoretical irreplaceability/vulnerability framework of systematic conservation planning. Most of the templates prioritize highly irreplaceable regions; some are reactive (prioritizing high vulnerability), and others are proactive (prioritizing low vulnerability). We hope this synthesis improves understanding of these prioritization approaches and that it results in more efficient allocation of geographically flexible conservation funding.  相似文献   

Frequency of and risk factors associated with lingual lesions in dogs: 1,196 cases (1995-2004)     

Dennis MM  Ehrhart N  Duncan CG  Barnes AB  Ehrhart EJ 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2006,228(10):1533-1537

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窟野河洪水特性及变化趋势分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵晓坤  王随继 《干旱区资源与环境》2012,(4):92-96

根据窟野河流域把口站温家川站1954～1990年和2006、2008年的洪水记录,运用不同洪水发生频次比较法和流量水位关系分析法等方法,分析了该流域洪水的年际变化特征和变化趋势以及年内变化特征,得出窟野河流域的暴雨洪水年际变化大,从洪水频次变化和最大洪峰流量变化可以看出,窟野河流域80年代以前洪峰流量大,洪水发生次数较多,80年代以后洪峰流量急剧减小,2008年的最大洪峰流量仅有89.9m3/s,创历史最低。显然,最大洪峰流量自上世纪80年代初开始趋于变小;而年内洪水主要发生在7～9月,与降水量分配一致。研究区最大洪水流量的变小趋势主要受汛期降水量的减小和人类水土保持活动的影响。温家川站最大洪水的流量-水位过程线主要有逆时针环、顺时针环、单一线型和"8"字形四类单一关系。逆时针环线的出现几率最大,可能受制于高含沙水流、流域地形特性和地貌组成单元等因素。  相似文献   

1980-2007年喜马拉雅东段洛扎地区冰川和冰湖变化研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

李治国  姚檀栋  叶庆华  李潮流  王伟财 《干旱区资源与环境》2012,(7):47-52

利用1980年地形图、1988/1990年Landsat TM、2000年Landsat ETM＋、2007年ALOS AVNIR-2遥感资料和近41年（1967-2007年）的气温、降水量资料对喜马拉雅东段洛扎地区的冰川、冰湖变化特征及变化原因进行了研究。结果表明：1）1980-2007年,本区冰川面积从491.64...  相似文献   

不同杀菌剂对稻粒黑粉病菌冬孢子萌发的影响     

戴雷  张道环  李寒松  于立繁  王文相  叶正和  张爱芳  陈雨  高同春 《植物检疫》2012,(3):1-4

稻粒黑粉病(Rice kernel smut)是一种真菌病害。在离体条件下,采用孢子萌发测定法,测定了嘧菌酯、灭菌唑、拌种灵、多菌灵、咪酰胺和二硫氰基甲烷抑制稻粒黑粉病菌冬孢子萌发的最低抑制浓度(MIC);同时研究了药剂浸种处理对稻种的安全性以及浸种处理效果。结果表明,嘧菌酯和二硫氰基甲烷对稻粒黑粉病菌冬孢子萌发的抑制活性较高,MIC为0.4μg/mL,多菌灵的抑制活性次之,MIC为0.8μg/mL,其他3种药剂的抑制活性不高,MIC均大于1.6μg/mL。种子安全性试验表明,嘧菌酯在2.0、4.0、8.0μg/mL和多菌灵在4.0、8.0、16.0μg/mL处理3d和7d后,稻种的萌芽率与对照相比无显著性差异;而二硫氰基甲烷在4.0和8.0μg/mL处理下,所选稻种的萌芽率显著低于对照,说明该药剂在浸种处理后会影响所选稻种的萌芽,但其在低剂量处理下对稻种的萌芽率影响较小。关于稻粒黑粉病浸种处理的合适农药剂型仍需要进一步研究。  相似文献