Speciation of Selected Minor and Major Elements in Oil Ash I. Operationally Defined Chemical Associations and Aqueous Speciation     

Achilli  M.  Zoboli  A.  Gács  I.  De Robertis  U.  Bianchi  A. 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1997,93(1-4):285-302

This study is focused on the speciation of selected elements in oil ash. Our efforts were directed primarily to obtain information on the various forms of vanadium, chromium and nickel. One sample was characterized via its total composition and via its capacity for releasing various elements. The latter was estimated by hot water and nitric acid extractios. A rapid cold water extraction technique has been developed and utilized for sample preparation prior to aqueous speciation by high pressure ion chromatography (HPIC). Results of the HPIC measurements, in agreement with electron spin resonance (ESR) investigations performed on the solid sample, indicate that 38% of the vanadium is present as VOSO₄, 58% of the chromium is Cr₂(SO₄)₃ and 30% of the nickel is NiSO₄. The pH and the redox potential values of the cold water extract support the existence of these forms. Results of a generic study with successive fractionation extractions show the probable existence of oxides, associations with organic matter and aluminosilicate minerals.  相似文献   

Fractionation of hydrolase-humus complexes by gel chromatography     

P. Nannipieri  B. Ceccanti  D. Bianchi  M. Bonmati 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1985,1(1):25-29

Summary Purification of soil phosphatase-, urease-, casein- and benzoylarginamide-hydrolysing proteases was obtained by exhaustively ultrafiltering a soil extract using 0.1M pyrophosphate solution at pH 7.1, separating the retained material into fractions of molecular weight higher (A_I) and lower (A_II) than 10⁵ and eluting the fractions on gel chromatography.Three peaks of phosphatase and urease activity were obtained after gel chromatography of fraction A_I on Sephadex G200 using 0.1M pyrophosphate solution as eluant. Only one distinct activity peak was observed when casein- and benzoylarginamide-hydrolysing proteases were assayed in the eluted fractions. Elution diagrams obtained by gel chromatography of fraction A_II on Sephadex G100, using a water as eluant, were characterized by one peak each of phosphatase-, casein- and benzoylarginamide-hydrolysing activity and by two peaks of urease activity.Gel chromatography of both A_I and A_II, generally, but not always, increased specific activity on a C and N basis of derivative fractions. Both proteases showed the highest increase in specific activity due to a marked decrease in organic C and N and an increase in total activity.  相似文献   

Latent Process Modelling of Threshold Exceedances in Hourly Rainfall Series     

Paola Bortot  Carlo Gaetan 《Journal of Agricultural, Biological & Environmental Statistics》2016,21(3):531-547

Two features are often observed in analyses of both daily and hourly rainfall series. One is the tendency for the strength of temporal dependence to decrease when looking at the series above increasing thresholds. The other is the empirical evidence for rainfall extremes to approach independence at high enough levels. To account for these features, Bortot and Gaetan (Scand J Stat 41:606–621, 2014) focus on rainfall exceedances above a fixed high threshold and model their dynamics through a hierarchical approach that allows for changes in the temporal dependence properties when moving further into the right tail. It is found that this modelling procedure performs generally well in analyses of daily rainfalls, but has some inherent theoretical limitations that affect its goodness of fit in the context of hourly data. In order to overcome this drawback, we develop here a modification of the Bortot and Gaetan model derived from a copula-type technique. Application of both model versions to rainfall series recorded in Camborne, England, shows that they provide similar results when studying daily data, but in the analysis of hourly data the modified version is superior.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of individual phenolic compounds in virgin olive oil     

Carrasco-Pancorbo A  Cerretani L  Bendini A  Segura-Carretero A  Del Carlo M  Gallina-Toschi T  Lercker G  Compagnone D  Fernández-Gutiérrez A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(23):8918-8925

Virgin olive oil has a high resistance to oxidative deterioration due to its tryacylglycerol composition low in polyunsaturated fatty acids and due to the presence of a group of phenolic antioxidants composed mainly of polyphenols and tocopherols. We isolated several phenolic compounds of extra virgin olive oil (phenyl-ethyl alcohols, lignans, and secoiridoids) by semipreparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and identified them using ultraviolet, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, and electrospray ionization MS detection. The purity of these extracts was confirmed by analytical HPLC using two different gradients. Finally, the antioxidant capacity of the isolated compounds was evaluated by measuring the radical scavenging effect on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, by accelerated oxidation in a lipid model system (OSI, oxidative stability instrument), and by an electrochemical method.  相似文献   

Rotenone and rotenoids in cubè resins, formulations, and residues on olives     

Cabizza M  Angioni A  Melis M  Cabras M  Tuberoso CV  Cabras P 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(2):288-293

Rotenone and rotenoids (deguelin, beta-rotenolone (12a beta-hydroxyrotenone), tephrosin (12a beta-hydroxydeguelin), 12a alpha-hydroxyrotenone, and dehydrorotenone) were determined in cubè resins and formulations. Cubè resins from Lonchocarpus contain large quantities of deguelin (ca. 21.2%) and smaller quantities of tephrosin (ca. 3.5%) and beta-rotenolone (ca. 3.0%). The composition of commercial formulations may present very different rotenoid contents depending on the extracts used to prepare them. Because these rotenoids also present insecticide activity, the efficacy of these formulations may be very different. The storage stability and photodegradation of some rotenone formulations were studied. Rotenone and rotenoids are very sensitive to solar radiation, which degrades them rapidly, with half-lives in the order of a few tens of minutes. Some formulations show greater disappearance rates than that of cubè resin, indicating that not much attention has been paid to protecting the active ingredients from photodegradation in the formulation. A study on the residues on olives was also carried out to assess not only the rotenone content, but also that of the main rotenoids. At harvest, the residues of deguelin, tephrosin, and beta-rotenolone were 0.10, 0.06, and 0.10 mg/kg, respectively, very similar to rotenone (0.08 mg/kg), and though a few data indicate similar acute toxicity values for deguelin, only rotenone is taken into consideration in the legal determination of the residue.  相似文献   

Rapid quantitative assessment of the adulteration of virgin olive oils with hazelnut oils using Raman spectroscopy and chemometrics   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

López-Díez EC  Bianchi G  Goodacre R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(21):6145-6150

The authentication of extra virgin olive oil and its adulteration with lower-priced oils are serious problems in the olive oil industry. In addition to the obvious effect on producer profits, adulteration can also cause severe health and safety problems. A number of techniques, including chromatographic and spectroscopic methods, have recently been employed to assess the purity of olive oils. In this study Raman spectroscopy together with multivariate and evolutionary computational-based methods have been employed to assess the ability of Raman spectroscopy to discriminate between chemically very closely related oils. Additionally, the levels of hazelnut oils used to adulterate extra virgin olive oil were successfully quantified using partial least squares and genetic programming.  相似文献   

PULSED WAVE-DOPPLER ULTRASONOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF THE COMMON CAROTID ARTERY IN THE RESTING HORSE: PHYSIOLOGIC DATA     

Mario  Cipone  DVM  Marco  Pietra  DVM  Gulatiero  Gandini  DVM  Andrea  Borai  DVM  Carlo  Guglielmini  DVM  Massimiliano  Venturoli  DVM 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1997,38(3):200-206

A pulsed wave-Doppler ultrasonographic evaluation of common carotid arterial blood flow was carried out on 63 healthy Italian Saddlebred horses. Vessel diameter and tracing morphology were evaluated were evaluated and blood flow parameters (systolic, diastolic and mean velocity, acceleration and deceleration of the systolic wave, cartid pulse volume) were calculated and correlated with class variables (sex, age and body weight). On the basis of the presence of an incisure in the ascending branch of the systolic curve, subjects were divided in two groups: one with a bifid systolic curve and the other with a monophasic aspect. Correlations between: 1) diameter of the vessel and body weight and 2) carotid pulse volume and flow velocity (systolic, diastolic and mean) were found. A greater systolic pulse volume was found in male subjects, in subjects with greater body weight and in those which had a monophasic systolic wave.  相似文献   

Development of the B- and T-cell compartments in porcine lymphoid organs from birth to adult life: an immunohistological approach.   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

A T Bianchi  R J Zwart  S H Jeurissen  H W Moonen-Leusen 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1992,33(3):201-221

Using immunohistological techniques, we studied the development over time of B- and T-cell compartments in the lymphoid organs of specific-pathogen-free pigs. Tissue samples were collected at various time-points, starting 2 days before the pigs were born until the pigs were 10 months old. The samples were collected from the spleen, thymus, peripheral lymph node, mesenteric lymph node, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, jejunal Peyer's patch and ileal Peyer's patch. Monoclonal antibodies specific to B- and T-cells were used to identify where the following cells were localized: IgM-B cells (cells positive to surface immunoglobulin), IgM-, IgG- and IgA-containing cells (cells positive to cytoplasmic immunoglobulin), and CD2-, CD4- and CD8-positive cells. The development of the B- and T-cell subpopulations in each organ was analysed. Two days before birth, most organs contained quantities of IgM-B cells. The spleen, lymph nodes, Peyer's patches and, notably, the thymus, contained some immunoglobulin-containing cells (Ig-CC); this finding indicates that pigs have cells that secrete immunoglobulins before birth. Just after birth, the incidence of Ig-CC increased in most organs; first IgM-CC increased, then either IgG- or IgA-CC increased, depending on the organ. T-cell development was observed clearly in spleen and in the lamina propria of the small intestine, in contrast to other organs, in which the T-cell compartments containing various T-cell subpopulations were well developed before birth. Comparison of the incidence of CD4+ and CD8+ cells showed that the CD4:CD8 ratio of these cells in the spleen, lymph nodes, Peyer's patches and small intestine is low, especially in adult pigs, compared with the CD4:CD8 ratio in other species. Weaning had little influence on the incidence of B- and T-cells in lymphoid organs. This study is the first immunohistological survey to describe the development of the major B- and T-cell subpopulations in various lymphoid organs of pigs, and it should be useful for future immunopathological and comparative immunological studies in pigs.  相似文献   

Preliminary trials of embryo transfers in Baoulé cattle in Burkina Faso     

M Bianchi  P Chicoteau  C Cloé  A Bassinga 《Revue d'élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux》1986,39(1):139-144

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Fine-needle biopsy of external ear canal masses in the cat: cytologic results and histologic correlations in 27 cases     

De Lorenzi D  Bonfanti U  Masserdotti C  Tranquillo M 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2005,34(2):100-105

BACKGROUND: The cytologic diagnosis of ear canal tumors is difficult or impossible by swab alone because cell exfoliation may be poor and neoplastic cells may be masked by associated inflammation. Fine-needle biopsy (FNB) can be used to obtain a higher yield of cells for diagnosis. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and diagnostic value of FNB and cytologic examination in providing an accurate diagnosis of masses growing in the external ear canal of cats. METHODS: Cytologic specimens from masses in the external ear canal, taken under inhaled, general anesthesia, were classified into 4 groups: 1) ceruminous gland hyperplasia or adenoma, 2) ceruminous gland adenocarcinoma, 3) inflammatory polyps, and 4) other neoplastic and non-neoplastic masses. Cytopathologic diagnoses were compared with the final histopathologic diagnoses, and indices of diagnostic test accuracy (sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios, diagnostic-odds ratios) were calculated. RESULTS: Twenty-seven masses (from 25 cats, including 2 cats affected bilaterally) were included in the study. The results showed good correspondence between cytologic and histologic diagnoses with an overall agreement index (kappa) of .74, a diagnostic odds ratio of 22, and 100% (27/27) agreement in the diagnosis of inflammatory polyps versus neoplasia (both benign and malignant). CONCLUSIONS: FNB cytopathology of external ear masses in the cat was sufficiently accurate for distinguishing inflammatory polyps from neoplasia. For differentiation of benign proliferation and malignant neoplasia, however, histopathologic confirmation is recommended.  相似文献