Characterization and Optimization of Extrusion Cooking for the Manufacture of Third‐Generation Snacks with Winter Squash (Cucurbita moschata D.) Flour     

Carlos Delgado‐Nieblas  Ernesto Aguilar‐Palazuelos  Alberto Gallegos‐Infante  Nuria Rocha‐Guzmn  Jos Zazueta‐Morales  Jos Caro‐Corrales 《Cereal Chemistry》2012,89(1):65-72

The aim of this work was to study the effects of barrel temperature (BT, 93.5–140.5°C), feed moisture (FM, 21.3–34.7%), and winter squash flour content (SFC, 0.43–15.6%) on physicochemical properties of microwave‐expanded third‐generation snack foods obtained by extrusion. Physicochemical properties used for optimization were expansion index (EI), penetration force (PF), specific mechanical energy (SME), and total color difference (ΔE). Response surface methodology was used for the analysis of data. The highest values of EI and lowest values of PF were found at high BT and low FM. The lowest values of SME were obtained at high levels of FM throughout the range of BT and SFC, whereas the highest values of ΔE were obtained at high SFC and low FM. Increasing levels of SFC increased ΔE values, whereas EI and SME values decreased. The best processing conditions (EI > 6.0, PF < 9.5 N, SME < 172 kJ/kg, and ΔE < 18) were found in the range of BT, 122–141°C; FM, 24.7–29.5%; and SFC, 0–10.9%. Under optimal process conditions, the retention of total carotenoids was higher than 60%. It is possible to manufacture third‐generation snack foods with good physicochemical properties, which could bring a health benefit because of the presence of carotenoids and dietary fiber in winter squash flour.  相似文献   

Genetic diversity and spatial structure in a new distinct <Emphasis Type="Italic">Theobroma cacao</Emphasis> L. population in Bolivia     

Dapeng Zhang  Windson July Martínez  Elizabeth S. Johnson  Eduardo Somarriba  Wilberth Phillips-Mora  Carlos Astorga  Sue Mischke  Lyndel W. Meinhardt 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2012,59(2):239-252

Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) is an important economic crop in the Bolivian Amazon. Bolivian farmers both cultivate cacao, and extract fruits from wild stands in the Beni River region and in valleys of the Andes foothills. The germplasm group traditionally used is presently referred to as “Cacao Nacional Boliviano” (CNB). Using DNA fingerprinting technology based on microsatellite markers, we genotyped 164 Bolivian cacao accessions, including both cultivated and wild CNB accessions sampled from the Amazonian regions of La Paz and Beni, and compared their SSR profiles with 78 reference Forastero accessions from Amazonian cacao populations, including germplasm from the Ucayali region of Peru. Results of multivariate ordination and analysis of molecular variance show that CNB cacao has a unique genetic profile that is significantly different from the known cacao germplasm groups in South America. The results also show that cultivated CNB and wild CNB populations in the Beni River share a similar genetic profile, suggesting that the cultivated CNB is of indigenous origin in Bolivia. The level of genetic diversity, measured by allele richness and gene diversity in the Bolivian cacao, is moderately high, but was significantly lower than gene diversity in the other Amazonian cacao populations. Significant spatial genetic structure was detected in the wild CNB population, using analysis of autocorrelation (rc = 0.232; P < 0.001) and Mantel tests (Rxy = 0.276; P < 0.001). This finding is also highly valuable to support in situ conservation and sustainable use of CNB genetic diversity in Bolivia.  相似文献   

Genetic variation of the Ananas genus with ornamental potential     

Everton Hilo de Souza  Fernanda Vidigal Duarte Souza  Maria Angélica Pereira de Carvalho Costa  Davi Silva Costa Jr  Janay Almeida dos Santos-Serejo  Edson Perito Amorim  Carlos Alberto da Silva Ledo 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2012,59(7):1357-1376

  相似文献   

Clustering of lifestyle factors in Spanish university students: the relationship between smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity and diet quality     

Moreno-Gómez C  Romaguera-Bosch D  Tauler-Riera P  Bennasar-Veny M  Pericas-Beltran J  Martinez-Andreu S  Aguilo-Pons A 《Public health nutrition》2012,15(11):2131-2139

  相似文献   

The influence of citrus rootstocks on the relationship between the mite Brevipalpus phoenicis and citrus leprosis disease     

Daniel J Andrade  Rosangela S Falconi  Diego S Siqueira  Crislany L Barbosa  Antonio S Ferraudo  Carlos AL Oliveira 《Pest management science》2013,69(1):81-87

BACKGROUND: Leprosis is one of the most serious citrus plant diseases. Leprosis‐affected plants, especially sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck], which is the most widely cultivated citrus fruit worldwide, show reduced photosynthetic capacity and severe defoliation. The aim was to evaluate the relationship between the Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) vector mite and citrus leprosis disease in Pera sweet orange plants grafted on different rootstocks. Data were analysed using numerical classification and conventional statistical analysis (ANOVA). RESULTS: Both viruliferous and non‐viruliferous B. phoenicis populations increased in number on plants maintained at low soil water content. Among the evaluated rootstocks, Sunki mandarin proved least favourable for mite population increase. Furthermore, the viruliferous mite population increased more rapidly than the non‐viruliferous mite population. CONCLUSION: The Cleopatra rootstock showed low variability in leaf nitrogen content, low mite number and low leprosis severity, thereby producing the most favourable results. Under appropriate moisture conditions, the Sunki rootstock produced the best results, showing the least severe leprosis. Rangpur lime rootstock grown in soil with varying water content showed the greatest variation in foliar nitrogen content, mite number and severity of leprosis and is considered to be the most difficult rootstock to manage. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Detection of streptomycin resistance in Erwinia amylovora strains isolated from apple orchards in Chihuahua, Mexico     

Adrian Ponce de León Door  Alejandro Romo Chacón  Carlos Acosta Muñiz. 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2013,137(2):223-229

Fire blight, one of the most severe diseases of apple and pear, is caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora. One control method is the use of antibiotics like streptomycin; however, streptomycin is the only antibiotic registered to control fire blight. A total of 107 E. amylovora strains were isolated from apple orchards located in Cuauhtémoc and Guerrero, Chihuahua, two major apple-producing areas in Mexico, showing 40 and 24 % streptomycin-resistant strains, respectively. The identification of E. amylovora strains was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of a 900-bp region located within the non-transferable pEA29 plasmid and by amplification of a specific 1,269-bp region located on the E. amylovora chromosome. The 107 isolates tested carried the pEA29 plasmid, and 36 % of the isolates from both locations showed high resistance to streptomycin at levels that ranged from 200 to ≥1,000 μg ml^?1 streptomycin. The strA-strB and aadA genes, which encode enzymes that inactivate streptomycin, and a mutation in codon 43 of the rpsL gene that confers high resistance to the antibiotic were examined to determine the mechanism of streptomycin resistance. In total, 95 % of the resistant strains showed a single base pair mutation in codon 43 of the rpsL gene, causing an amino acid substitution in ribosomal protein S12. The presence of strA-strB and aadA genes or the rpsL mutation was not identified in the other 5 % of resistant strains, suggesting the existence of a new streptomycin resistance mechanism in E. amylovora.  相似文献   

Estimation of suspended sediment concentration by acoustic scattering: an experimental and theoretical analysis for spherical particles     

Benevides Colella Xavier  Iranilson Oliveira Silva  Luiz Gallisa Guimarães  Marcos Nicolás Gallo  Carlos Parente Ribeiro  Alberto G. Figueiredo Jr 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2014,14(7):1325-1333

  相似文献   

Special issue: analysis and modelling of sediment transfer in Mediterranean river basins     

José Carlos de Araújo  Ramon J. Batalla  Axel Bronstert 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2014,14(12):1905-1908

  相似文献   

Trabectedin and Plitidepsin: Drugs from the Sea that Strike the Tumor Microenvironment     

Carlos M. Galmarini  Maurizio D’Incalci  Paola Allavena 《Marine drugs》2014,12(2):719-733

The prevailing paradigm states that cancer cells acquire multiple genetic mutations in oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes whose respective activation/up-regulation or loss of function serve to impart aberrant properties, such as hyperproliferation or inhibition of cell death. However, a tumor is now considered as an organ-like structure, a complex system composed of multiple cell types (e.g., tumor cells, inflammatory cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, etc.) all embedded in an inflammatory stroma. All these components influence each other in a complex and dynamic cross-talk, leading to tumor cell survival and progression. As the microenvironment has such a crucial role in tumor pathophysiology, it represents an attractive target for cancer therapy. In this review, we describe the mechanism of action of trabectedin and plitidepsin as an example of how these specific drugs of marine origin elicit their antitumor activity not only by targeting tumor cells but also the tumor microenvironment.  相似文献   

Potential Polyunsaturated Aldehydes in the Strait of Gibraltar under Two Tidal Regimes     

Soledad Morillo-García  Nerea Valcárcel-Pérez  Andrés Cózar  María J. Ortega  Diego Macías  Eduardo Ramírez-Romero  Carlos M. García  Fidel Echevarría  Ana Bartual 《Marine drugs》2014,12(3):1438-1459

Diatoms, a major component of the large-sized phytoplankton, are able to produce and release polyunsaturated aldehydes after cell disruption (potential PUAs or pPUA). These organisms are dominant in the large phytoplankton fraction (>10 µm) in the Strait of Gibraltar, the only connection between the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. In this area, the hydrodynamics exerts a strong control on the composition and physiological state of the phytoplankton. This environment offers a great opportunity to analyze and compare the little known distribution of larger sized PUA producers in nature and, moreover, to study how environmental variables could affect the ranges and potential distribution of these compounds. Our results showed that, at both tidal regimes studied (Spring and Neap tides), diatoms in the Strait of Gibraltar are able to produce three aldehydes: Heptadienal, Octadienal and Decadienal, with a significant dominance of Decadienal production. The PUA released by mechanical cell disruption of large-sized collected cells (pPUA) ranged from 0.01 to 12.3 pmol from cells in 1 L, and from 0.1 to 9.8 fmol cell⁻¹. Tidal regime affected the abundance, distribution and the level of physiological stress of diatoms in the Strait. During Spring tides, diatoms were more abundant, usually grouped nearer the coastal basin and showed less physiological stress than during Neap tides. Our results suggest a significant general increase in the pPUA productivity with increasing physiological stress for the cell also significantly associated to low nitrate availability.  相似文献