Extraction of essential oil and pigments from Curcuma longa [L] by steam distillation and extraction with volatile solvents     

Manzan AC  Toniolo FS  Bredow E  Povh NP 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(23):6802-6807

Curcuma longa [Linn] (turmeric), of the Zingiberaceae family, has a great importance in the food, textile, and pharmaceutical industries. The aim of this work was to identify the best processing conditions to maximize the yields of essential oil and pigments, as well as their content of ar-turmerone, (alpha and beta)-turmerone, and the curcuminoids, respectively. Autoclave pressure and distillation time were the variables studied for the steam distillation process. The highest yields of essential oil (0.46 wt %) and pigment (0.16 wt %)-expressed as curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin-were obtained at a pressure of 1.0 x 10(5) Pa and a time of 2 h. On the other hand, with extraction by volatile solvents, the best yield of essential oil (5.49 wt %) was obtained when using 0.175, 0.124, 0.088 mm particles (Foust, A. S.; Wenzel, L. A.; Clump, C. W.; Maus, L.; Andersen, L. B. Princípios das Opera??es Unitárias; Editora Guanabara Dois S.A.: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1982), at 40 degrees C, and 6 h of extraction. However, the best yield of pigment (7.98 wt %) was obtained under the same conditions, except for the temperature (30 degrees C).  相似文献   

Estimated and measured DNA, plant-chromosphere and erythemal-weighted irradiances at Barrow and South Pole (1979–2000)     

Susana Díaz  Don Nelson  Guillermo Deferrari  Carolina Camilin 《Agricultural and Forest Meteorology》2003,120(1-4):69

In the last two decades as a consequence of ozone depletion there has been an increasing interest in the study of biological effects of ultraviolet radiation (UV). Spectral instruments, which provide detailed information on UV environmental conditions, have been in use systematically only for little more than a decade. These time series are still relatively short and information on spectral historical irradiance levels is not available. Many efforts have been carried out in inferring this information from other available data sets. One of them has been the use of statistical models. Spectral irradiances are available at South Pole (90°00′S 0) and Barrow (71°18′N, 156°47′W) from the NSF UV Radiation Monitoring Program since 1991. In the present paper, daily-integrated biologically weighted irradiances for these sites are inferred back to 1979 using a multi-regressive model, obtaining time series that extend near the beginning of the Antarctic ozone depletion. These datasets are unique since the daily-integrated irradiances were calculated from irradiance measured hourly at the earth’s surface. The biologically weighted irradiances are estimated from irradiance measured with broadband instruments, ozone, and solar zenith angles. From daily-integrated irradiance, monthly means were also calculated. The RMS errors between the estimated and measured daily-integrated irradiances range from 4.69 to 7.49% at South Pole and from 9.57 to 15.20% at Barrow, while the monthly mean errors vary from 2.07 to 3% and 2.95 to 3.91%, respectively. Completing the databases with spectral measurements, the resulting time series extend from 1979 to 2000. Analyzing monthly values an increase relative to 1979–1981 during all years is observed at South Pole. Largest increases are observed for DNA and plant-chromosphere weighted irradiances during October. Although at a lower rate, an increase is also observed at Barrow during the spring. Maximum monthly increase at South Pole during October is near 1200% relative to 1979–1981, while the increase at Barrow is near one tenth of that percentage. Daily-integrated irradiance shows that a slight increase was present during the spring at South Pole for the period 1979–1981 reflecting the beginning of the ozone depletion. Historical maximums of daily-integrated DNA weighted irradiance at South Pole (90°00′S, 0°00′) are about as large as summer maximums at San Diego (32°45′N, 117°11′W).  相似文献   

Sensitive micellar electrokinetic chromatography-laser-induced fluorescence method to analyze chiral amino acids in orange juices     

Simó C  Barbas C  Cifuentes A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(19):5288-5293

In this work a new method to detect the existence of chiral amino acids in orange juice is presented. The method employs beta-cyclodextrins and micellar electrokinetic chromatography with laser-induced fluorescence (MEKC-LIF) to separate and detect L- and D-amino acids (L-aa and D-aa) previously derivatized with fluorescein isothiocianate (FITC). A systematic optimization of the chiral-MEKC conditions is done bringing about in less than 20 min a good separation of the main amino acids found in orange juice (i.e., Pro, Asp, Ser, Asn, Glu, Ala, Arg, and the nonchiral GABA, i.e., gamma-aminobutyric acid). Using this procedure, the analysis time reproducibility for the 15 standard compounds (L-aa, D-aa, and GABA) has been determined to be better than 0.2% (n = 5) for the same day and better than 0.7% (n = 15) for three different days. Corrected peak area reproducibility is somewhat lower, providing values better than 3.3% (n = 5) for the same day and 6.9% (n = 15) for three different days. The limit of detection using this procedure was determined to be 0.86 attomoles for L-Arg. The optimized FITC derivatization method allows the easy and straightforward detection of amino acids in orange concentrates and juices (i.e., only centrifugation of diluted samples for 5 min is needed prior to their derivatization). D-Ala, D-Asp, D-Arg, and D-Glu were determined in orange juices and orange concentrates from different geographical origins using this new method. Moreover, the effect of different temperature treatments (50, 92, and 150 degrees C) on the content of D-aa in orange juice was evaluated.  相似文献   

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and soil aggregation in a no‐tillage system with crop rotation     

Mara Regina Moitinho  Carolina Fernandes  Priscila Viviane Truber  Adolfo Valente Marcelo  Jos Eduardo Cor  Elton da Silva Bicalho 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2020,183(4):482-491

Crop rotation adoption in no‐tillage systems (NTS) has been recommended to increase the biological activity and soil aggregation, suppress soil and plant pathogens, and increase the productivity aiming at the sustainability of agricultural areas. In this context, this study aimed to assess the effect of crop rotation on the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) community and soil aggregation in a soil cultivated for nine years under NTS. Treatments consisted of combinations of three summer crop sequences and seven winter crops. Summer crop sequences consisted of corn (Zea mays L.) monoculture, soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) monoculture, and soybean–corn rotation. Winter crops consisted of corn, sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.), oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus L.), and millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke). Soil samples were collected at a depth of 0–0.10 m for analyses of soil chemical, physical, and biological attributes. Spore abundance, total glomalin, and soil aggregate stability index were higher in the soil under corn monoculture. The highest values of aggregate mean weight diameter were observed in the soybean–corn rotation (3.78 mm) and corn monoculture (3.70 mm), both differing from soybean monoculture (3.15 mm), while winter crops showed significant differences only between sorghum (3.96 mm) and pigeon pea (3.25 mm). Two processes were identified in the soil under summer crop sequences. The first process was observed in PC1 (spore abundance, total glomalin, easily extractable glomalin, pH, P, and Mg²⁺) and was related to AMF; the second process occurred in PC2 (aggregate mean weight diameter, soil aggregate stability index, K⁺, and organic matter) and was related to soil aggregation. The nine‐year no‐tillage system under the same crop rotation adoption influenced AMF abundance in the soil, especially with corn cultivation in the summer crop sequence, which promoted an increased total external mycelium length and number of spores of AMF. In addition, it favored an increased soil organic matter content, which is directly related to the formation and stability of soil aggregates in these managements.  相似文献   

Pomegranate Juice and Peel Extracts are Able to Inhibit Proliferation,Migration and Colony Formation of Prostate Cancer Cell Lines and Modulate the Akt/mTOR/S6K Signaling Pathway     

Chaves  Fernanda Machado  Pavan  Isadora Carolina Betim  da Silva  Luiz Guilherme Salvino  de Freitas  Lidia Broglio  Rostagno  Mauricio Ariel  Antunes  Adriane Elisabete Costa  Bezerra  Rosângela Maria Neves  Simabuco  Fernando Moreira 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2020,75(1):54-62

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - Pomegranate (Punica granatum) is known to contain polyphenols with many potential health benefits, including anti-tumoral, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial...  相似文献   

Determination of Phenolic Compounds in Three Edible Ripening Stages of Yellow Guava (Psidium cattleianum Sabine) after Acidic Hydrolysis by LC-MS/MS     

Schulz  Mayara  Seraglio  Siluana Katia Tischer  Della Betta  Fabiana  Nehring  Priscila  Valese  Andressa Camargo  Daguer  Heitor  Gonzaga  Luciano Valdemiro  Costa  Ana Carolina Oliveira  Fett  Roseane 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2020,75(1):110-115

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - Yellow guava (Psidium cattleianum Sabine) has received considerable attention in the last years because of their high content in bioactive compounds with potential...  相似文献   

Evaluation of cassava germplasm for drought tolerance under field conditions     

Eder Jorge de Oliveira  Carolina Vianna Morgante  Saulo de Tarso Aidar  Agnaldo Rodrigues de Melo Chaves  Rafaela Priscila Antonio  Jailson Lopez Cruz  Maurício Antônio Coelho Filho 《Euphytica》2017,213(8):188

The development of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) with a high yield under water-deficit conditions is one of the goal of the breeding programs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance and to select cassava accessions based on drought tolerance indices and productive potential under water stress. Forty-nine accessions were evaluated for five agronomic traits (plant height—PH, root yield—RoY, shoot yield—ShY, harvest index—HI; and dry matter content of roots—DMC) under full irrigation conditions and drought stress (DS). The accessions were selected based on: (i) high yield under drought conditions (HY-DS) and (ii) high drought tolerance (Dr-To) based on six different indices. Overall, water stress dramatically reduced the traits’ means (RoY—72.98%, ShY—54.95%, DMC—26.15%, HI—31.05%, and PH—32.95%). Low coincidence among the top ten accessions was identified based on HY-DS and Dr-To criteria. Therefore, considering only the most important traits (RoY and ShY), five accessions (BGM0815, BGM0598, 9624-09, BGM0818, and BRS Formosa) presented high HY-DS. In contrast, to Dr-To criterion, eight and nine accessions were selected for high yield of the aerial part (ShY and PH) and roots (RoY and DMC), respectively. The mean productivity, geometric mean productivity, and drought tolerance indices were the most promising to identify genotypes with high agronomic attributes, while drought susceptibility index, susceptibility, and yield stability index were suitable to identify the most drought tolerant accessions. This set of selected accessions can be used in breeding programs aimed at high yield and drought tolerance.  相似文献   

Production and establishment techniques for the restoration of Nothofagus alessandrii,an endangered keystone species in a Mediterranean forest     

Acevedo  Manuel  Álvarez  Carolina  Cartes  Eduardo  Dumroese  R. Kasten  González  Marta 《New Forests》2020,51(1):159-174

Ruil (Nothofagus alessandrii) is an endangered keystone species from the Mediterranean climate zone of Chile. Ruil’s fragile state of conservation urges development of restoration programs, but specific protocols for nursery production and field establishment that ensure plant survival are largely unknown. Therefore, we examined the effect on nitrogen (N) fertilization and container size during nursery production in combination with the use of mesh shelters after outplanting on survival and growth during the first growing season in the field. First year outplanting survival of nursery-grown container seedlings was enhanced when seedlings were given nitrogen (N) during nursery production and deployed with mesh tree shelters in the field. The volume of the container had no effect on outplanting survival and growth. Increasing N from zero to 200 mg N L^?1 provided sufficient N levels, resulting in increased seedling height, root-collar diameter, shoot biomass, and total seedling N and phosphorous concentrations. Additional N provided by the 400 and 600 mg N L^?1 treatments underwent luxury consumption by the seedlings with no further benefits in field performance. Improved growth in the nursery, along with the use of mesh tree shelters after outplanting, especially during the typical summer drought, may be responsible for increased survival during the first growing season. Increasing the performance of nursery-grown ruil seedlings is essential to restoring this endangered, vulnerable, and foundation species within the highly biodiverse, yet seriously threatened endemic Maulino Costero Forest of the Mediterranean climate of central Chile.

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Identification of Polyphenols from Chilean Brown Seaweeds Extracts by LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS     

Carla Olate-Gallegos  Andrés Barriga  Cristina Vergara  Carolina Fredes  Paula García  Begoña Giménez 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2019,28(4):375-391

Polyphenol profiles were characterized in extracts of three Chilean brown seaweeds, Durvillaea antarctica (Chamisso) Hariot, Lessonia spicata (Suhr) Santelices, and Macrocystis integrifolia (Bory) by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS/MS). Phlorotannins with different degrees of polymerization were identified in D. antarctica (trimers to octamers) and L. spicata (trimers to tetramers). No signals related to phlorotannins compounds were detected in M. integrifolia. L. spicata and M. integrifolia showed a great variety of flavonoid compounds in comparison with D. antarctica, mainly identified as glycoside forms in all the extracts. The antioxidant activity of brown seaweed extracts measured by ferric reducing power (FRAP) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) was significantly higher in D. antarctica, followed by M. integrifolia and L. spicata, in line with the total phenolic (TP) content. However, D. antarctica and M. integrifolia showed similar activity for free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) in spite of the differences found in TP content. D. antarctica as well as L. spicata would represent a potential source of phlorotannins, whereas M. integrifolia could be considered as an alternative source of flavonoids. The identification of polyphenols in extracts of Chilean brown seaweeds opens innovative opportunities for their use in the food and pharmaceutical industries.  相似文献   

Effect of environmental factors on the fatty acid profiles and physicochemical composition of oysters (Crassostrea gasar) in Amazon estuarine farming     

Osnan Lennon Lameira Silva  Antnia Rafaela Gonalves Macedo  Emília do Socorro Conceio de Lima Nunes  Keila Diniz Campos  Leiliane Cristina Cardoso Araújo  Xenna Tiburo  Anne Suellen Oliveira Pinto  Maria Regina Sarkis Peixoto Joele  Micheli da Silva Ferreira  Ana Carolina Ramos da Silva  Renata Santana Lorenzo Raices  Adriano Gomes da Cruz  Leandro Juen  Rossineide Martins da Rocha 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(6):2336-2348

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of environmental factors on the fatty acid profiles and physicochemical composition of Crassostrea gasar cultured in two locations with differences in salinity and precipitation gradients. The study period was divided into four seasonal divisions—the rainy–dry transition period, the dry season, dry–rainy transition and the rainy season. The salinity, pH and temperature were measured at each site during specimen collection. A total of 712 oyster samples were used for fatty acid profiling and physicochemical analysis. Salinity and precipitation were the environmental parameters that influenced the fatty acid profile and physicochemical characteristics of oysters. C. gasar exhibited excellent values of n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (DHA, EPA and eicosatrienoic), with a predominance of these acids during periods of higher precipitation. Variations in precipitation and salinity resulted in significant differences in oyster nutritional characteristics. Oysters grown in Amazonian estuaries can be considered nutritious throughout the year, with better conditions during the rainy season.  相似文献