Effect of different protocols on the mitigation of exercise‐induced pulmonary hemorrhage in horses when administered 24 hours before strenuous exercise     

Warwick Bayly  Carolina Lopez  Raymond Sides  Gerald Bergsma  Jenyka Bergsma  Jenifer Gold  Debra Sellon 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2019,33(5):2319-2326

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Characterization of the extracellular matrix in the chorioallantoic membrane of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in early gestation     

Jssica Borghesi  Higor da Silva Ferreira  Phelipe Oliveira Favaron  Lara Carolina Mario  Adriana Raquel de Almeida da Anunciao  Franceliusa Delys de Oliveira  Rafael Gonalves Hayashi  Adriana Caroprezo Morini  Maria Angelica Miglino 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2019,54(10):1313-1321

Placenta is formed by a parenchyma rich in extracellular matrix (ECM), and this structure guarantees the proper development of the embryo and placental functioning. Recently, studies have focused on the characterization of ECM in the placenta and foetal membranes of different species. This work aimed to analyse the composition of the ECM and to quantify the types of collagens in its composition. For this, 33 chorioallantoic membranes were used at different gestational ages, which were grouped into five groups. Subsequently, haematoxylin–eosin staining, Masson trichrome and picrosirius were performed for histological analysis. Through the technique of polarized light, it was possible to quantify the total collagen present in the membranes and finally the immunohistochemical technique was performed to verify the presence of collagens and glycoproteins. It was possible to verify that the chorioallantoic membranes have, in all the gestational periods of the initial third of gestation, the same histological structures, being the most significant difference the membrane thickening that occurs gradually during the gestation. However, we notice the appearance of binucleate cells only from group II. In addition, it was verified that a gradual increase of collagen occurs until the group IV, yet from the group V begins to occur a decrease of this protein. In addition, collagen I, collagen III, fibronectin and laminin were present in all membranes. With this, we concluded that the buffalo chorioallantoic membrane presents ECM in constant remodelling at the beginning of gestation and can be used as biomaterial in works on regenerative biology.  相似文献   

Nitric oxide impacts bovine sperm capacitation in a cGMP‐dependent and cGMP‐independent manner     

Valter Luiz Maciel  Maria Clara Caldas‐Bussiere  Diego Fernando Dubeibe Marín  Carla Sobrinho Paes de Carvalho  Celia Raquel Quirino  Ana Carolina de Macedo Soares Leal 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2019,54(12):1612-1620

We aimed to elucidate whether NO acts in in vitro sperm capacitation in bovine via cGMP/PKG1 pathway. For this, cryopreserved bovine sperm were capacitated in vitro with 20 µg/ml heparin (Control) plus treatments: 1 mM L‐arginine (L‐arg, NO precursor), 50 µM Rp‐8‐Bromo‐β‐phenyl‐1,N²‐ethenoguanosine‐3′,5′‐cyclic monophosphorothioate (Rp‐8‐Br‐cGMPS, selective inhibitor of the binding site for cGMP in PKG1), 1 mM 2‐Phenyl‐4,4,5,5‐tetramethylimidazoline‐1‐oxyl 3‐oxide (PTIO, NO scavenger), and the combinations of L‐arg + RP‐8‐Br‐cGMPS and L‐arg + PTIO. Sperm motility and vigour were determined by phase‐contrast microscopy, capacitation status by chlortetracycline staining, and the intracellular concentration of cGMP was measured by ELISA. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and means compared with SNK test at 5% probability. Motility and vigour were lower in sperm treated with PTIO when compared to Control and other treatments (p < .05). The L‐arg treatment showed the highest percentage of capacitated sperm when compared to the Control and other treatments (Rp‐8‐Br‐cGMPS, L‐arg + Rp‐8‐Br‐cGMPS and PTIO) (69.8 ± 3.4%, 51.2 ± 3.0, 51.1 ± 2.1, 51.2 ± 3.0 and 45.5 ± 2.7, respectively) (p < .05). The capacitation ratio (%) was lower in treatments with Rp‐8‐Br‐cGMPS, L‐arg + Rp‐8‐Br‐cGMPS and PTIO, respectively (p < .05). Lastly, cGMP concentration (pmol/ml) was lower in PTIO and L‐arg + PTIO (1.3 ± 0.3 and 1.6 ± 0.4) and was higher in Rp‐8‐Br‐cGMPS and L‐arg + Rp‐8‐Br‐cGMPS (3.7 ± 0.4 and 4.0 ± 0.5) treatments. We showed that during in vitro capacitation of cattle: (a) NO influences sperm motility and vigour; (b) NO is associated with cGMP synthesis through two independent pathways and (c) the cGMP/PKG1 pathway has a partial role in sperm capacitation and does not involve the L‐arg/NO.  相似文献   

Azotemia in cats with feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Prevalence and relationships with echocardiographic variables     

Vassiliki Gouni DVM  Valrie Chetboul DVM  PhD  Jean-Louis Pouchelon DVM  PhD  Carolina Carlos Sampedrano DVM  MS  Christelle Maurey DVM  PhD  Herv P. Lefebvre DVM  PhD 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2008,10(2):117-123

ObjectivesThe prevalence of renal azotemia in cats with acquired heart disease is not well documented. The aims of this study were therefore (1) to determine the prevalence of azotemia within a hospital population of cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and (2) to evaluate the relationship between echocardiographic variables and plasma urea and creatinine.Animals, materials and methods134 client-owned cats were retrospectively studied including 102 cats with HCM and 32 control cats. A complete physical examination, electrocardiography, systolic arterial blood pressure measurement, thoracic radiographs, and echocardiography were performed. Plasma creatinine and urea were determined in all cats. The animal was considered azotemic if plasma creatinine was >1.8 mg/dL and/or urea >65 mg/dL (i.e. BUN> 30 mg/dL).ResultsThe prevalence of azotemia was lower in control cats (25.0%) than in cats with HCM (58.8%) (P = 0.003). No significant differences in plasma urea and creatinine were observed between the HCM and control cats. There was no effect of plasma creatinine and urea on conventional echocardiographic variables in cats with HCM.ConclusionsAzotemia is a frequent finding in cats with HCM but is not dependent on echocardiographic variables.  相似文献   

Effect of oral trazodone on the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in dogs     

Elizabeth A. Hoffman  Turi K. Aarnes  Carolina H. Ricco Pereira  Phillip Lerche  Richard M. Bednarski  Mary A. McLoughlin 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2018,45(6):754-759

Objective

To determine the effect of oral trazodone on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane in dogs.

Study design

Prospective blinded, single-observer, randomized crossover experimental study.

Animals

Six adult (age 6.8 ± 1.6 months) healthy dogs (three males and three females), weighing 24.8 ± 3.4 kg (mean ± standard deviation).

Methods

Each dog was anesthetized twice with a minimum of 7 days between anesthetic episodes. Dogs were randomly assigned to be administered two treatments in a crossover design: premedication with trazodone (8 mg kg^?1; TRAZ–ISO) orally 2 hours prior to an anesthetic episode or no (ISO). Dogs were anesthetized with intravenous propofol (6 mg kg^?1) and isoflurane in >95% oxygen. Isoflurane MAC was determined using an iterative bracketing technique with electrodes placed in the buccal mucosa. Hemodynamic variables were compared at the lowest end-tidal isoflurane concentration at which each dog did not respond. A paired t test was used to assess the effect of treatment on outcome variables with significance set to a value of p < 0.05.

Results

The MAC concentration (mean ± standard deviation) in dogs administered TRAZ–ISO was 0.85 ± 0.17% compared with 1.02 ± 0.11% in those administered ISO (p = 0.01, 95% confidence interval ?0.25 to ?0.05), resulting in a mean MAC reduction of 17 ± 12%. There were no differences in hemodynamic variables between treatments.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Premedication of dogs with oral trazodone (8 mg kg^?1) 2 hours prior to anesthetic induction has a significant isoflurane MAC sparing effect with no significant observed hemodynamic benefit.  相似文献   

Functional Feeds to Tackle Meagre (Argyrosomus regius) Stress: Physiological Responses under Acute Stressful Handling Conditions     

Marta Monteiro  Carla Sousa  Filipe Coutinho  Carolina Castro  Filipa Fontinha  Inês Guerreiro  Pedro Pouso  Elisabete Matos  Patrícia Díaz-Rosales  Aires Oliva-Teles  Paula Enes  Ana Couto 《Marine drugs》2021,19(11)

Marine algae are recognised sources of bioactive compounds that have attracted great interest as nutritional supplements for aquaculture fish. Intensive rearing conditions often expose fish to husbandry-related stressors, rendering fish more susceptible to disease and reducing production yields. The present work evaluated the potential of two marine algae extracts (Fucus vesiculosus and Nannochloropsis gaditana) as nutritional supplements to mitigate stress effects in meagre (Argyrosomus regius) exposed to an acute handling stress (AS). A plant-based diet was used as a control, and three other diets were prepared, which were similar to the control diet but supplemented with 1% of each algal extract or a combination of the two extracts (0.5% each). The effects of supplemented diets on stress biomarkers, antioxidant enzyme activities, and immune response were analysed in fish exposed to AS after 4 weeks of feeding. Supplemented diets did not affect growth performance but the inclusion of F. vesiculosus promoted higher feed efficiency, as compared to the control group. Dietary algal extracts supplementation reduced plasma glucose levels, increased white blood cell counts, and reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory genes when compared with the control. N. gaditana supplementation led to a reduction in hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity and glutathione levels, while F. vesiculosus supplementation increased muscle glutathione reductase activity and reduced lipid peroxidation. These findings support the potential of algal extracts as nutraceuticals in aquafeeds to enhance the ability of fish to cope with husbandry-related stressful conditions and ultimately improve fish health and welfare.  相似文献   

Intermediary metabolic response and gene transcription modulation on the Sub-Antarctic notothenioid Eleginops maclovinus (Valenciennes, 1930) injected with two strains of Piscirickettsia salmonis     

Manuel Soto-Dávila  Danixa Martinez  Ricardo Oyarzún  Juan P. Pontigo  Carolina Vargas-Lagos  Francisco J. Morera  Julia Saravia  Fábio Zanuzzo  Luis Vargas-Chacoff 《Journal of fish diseases》2020,43(1):111-127

Pathogen interactions with cultured fish populations are well studied, but their effects on native fishes have not been characterized. In Chile, the disease caused by bacterial species Piscirickettsia salmonis represents one of the main issues and is considered to be one of the important pathogens in the field of aquaculture. They have been found to infect native fish. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the impact of P. salmonis on native species of local commercial value, as well as the potential impact associated with the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of P. salmonis. Due to this purpose, the native fish Eleginops maclovinus was used in our study. Fish were randomly distributed in tanks and intraperitoneally inoculated with two strains of P. salmonis. No mortality was recorded during the experiment. Cortisol, glucose and total α-amino acid levels increased in fish injected with AUSTRAL-005 strain compared to sham-injected and LF-89-inoculated fish. Moreover, results showed an increase in the activity of carbohydrates and lipids metabolism in liver; and an increase in the carbohydrates, lipids and total α-amino acid metabolism in muscle after injection with AUSTRAL-005. Our results suggest that P. salmonis modulates the physiology of E. maclovinus and the physiological impact increase in the presence of the antibiotic-resistant strain AUSTRAL-005.  相似文献   

A comparison of the use of different swab materials for optimal diagnosis of amoebic gill disease (AGD) in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)     

Carolina Fernandez-Senac  Sophie Fridman  Jadwiga Sokolowska  Sean J. Monaghan  Teresa Garzon  Monica Betancor  Giuseppe Paladini  Alexandra Adams  James E. Bron 《Journal of fish diseases》2020,43(11):1463-1472

Routine gill swabbing is a non-destructive sampling method used for the downstream qPCR detection and quantitation of the pathogen Neoparamoeba perurans, a causative agent of amoebic gill disease (AGD). Three commercially available swabs were compared aiming their application for timelier AGD diagnosis (Calgiswab^® (calcium alginate fibre-tipped), Isohelix^® DNA buccal and cotton wool-tipped). Calcium alginate is soluble in most sodium salts, which potentially allows the total recovery of biological material, hence a better extraction of target organisms’ DNA. Thus, this study consisted of (a) an in vitro assessment involving spiking of the swabs with known amounts of amoebae and additional assessment of retrieval efficiency of amoebae from agar plates; (b) in vivo testing by swabbing of gill arches (second, third and fourth) of AGD-infected fish. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments identified an enhanced amoeba retrieval with Calgiswab® and Isohelix® swabs in comparison with cotton swabs. Additionally, the third and fourth gill arches presented significantly higher amoebic loads compared to the second gill arch. Results suggest that limiting routine gill swabbing to one or two arches, instead of all, could likely lead to reduced stress-related effects incurred by handling and sampling and a timelier diagnosis of AGD.  相似文献   

Methacarn preserves mucus integrity and improves visualization of amoebae in gills of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)     

Carolina Fernandez  Dario Mascolo  Sean J. Monaghan  Johanna L. Baily  Lynn Chalmers  Giuseppe Paladini  Alexandra Adams  James E. Bron  Sophie Fridman 《Journal of fish diseases》2019,42(6):883-894

Two aqueous fixation methods (modified Davidson's solution and modified Davidson's solution with 2% (w/v) Alcian blue) were compared against two non‐aqueous fixation methods (methacarn solution and methacarn solution with 2% (w/v) Alcian blue) along with the standard buffered formalin fixation method to (a) improve preservation of the mucous coat on Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., gills and (b) to examine the interaction between the amoebae and mucus on the gill during an infection with amoebic gill disease. Aqueous fixatives demonstrated excellent cytological preservation but failed to deliver the preservation of the mucus when compared to the non‐aqueous‐based fixatives; qualitative and semi‐quantitative analysis revealed a greater preservation of the gill mucus using the non‐aqueous methacarn solution. A combination of this fixation method and an Alcian blue/Periodic acid–Schiff staining was tested in gills of Atlantic salmon infected with amoebic gill disease; lectin labelling was also used to confirm the mucus preservation in the methacarn‐fixed tissue. Amoebae were observed closely associated with the mucus demonstrating that the techniques employed for preservation of the mucous coat can indeed avoid the loss of potential mucus‐embedded parasites, thus providing a better understanding of the relationship between the mucus and parasite.  相似文献   

Shedding light on the migratory patterns of the Amazonian goliath catfish,Brachyplatystoma platynemum,using otolith 87Sr/86Sr analyses     

Marília Hauser  Carolina R.C. Doria  Roberto V. Santos  Aurea García‐Vasquez  Marc Pouilly  Christophe Pcheyran  Emmanuel Ponzevera  Gislene Torrente‐Vilara  Sylvain Brail  Jacques Panfili  Audrey Darnaude  Jean‐Franois Renno  Carmen García‐Dvila  Jesus Nuez  Franck Ferraton  Gladys Vargas  Fabrice Duponchelle 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2019,29(3):397-408