Esterase-mediated tolerance to a formulation of the organophosphate insecticide monocrotophos in the entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuill: a promising biopesticide     

Devi KU  Reddy NN  Sridevi D  Sridevi V  Murali Mohan C 《Pest management science》2004,60(4):408-412

The use of biopesticides compatible with chemical pesticides is recommended in pest management as an effective and ecologically sound strategy. The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuill, which is used as a biopesticide, was found to exhibit and lose tolerance to two organophosphorus insecticides widely used in Indian fields. The pattern of response is similar to the esterase-mediated organophosphate tolerance in aphids achieved through esterase gene duplication. Therefore the role of esterase in the tolerance exhibited by isolates of B. bassiana to the organophosphate, monocrotophos, was studied. Both the total soluble protein content and esterase activity were found to increase significantly in B. bassiana cultures that were able to grow in the presence of monocrotophos. With the hitherto established linkage between esterase overproduction and organophosphate tolerance in insects and the observed similarity in response of the insects and B. bassiana to the chemical, it is concluded that tolerance to monocrotophos in B. bassiana may be due to a mechanism similar to that operating in insects. Habituation of the fungus to monocrotophos to initiate expression of esterase gene may help in achieving compatibility between the two.  相似文献   

Reduced consumption of pea protein-treated flour disks by stored-product insects     

P.?Pretheep-KumarEmail author  S.?Mohan 《Phytoparasitica》2004,32(3):313-316

Consumption of pea (Pisum sativum L.) protein-treated wheat flour by the red flour beetleTribolium castaneum (Herbst.), the rice weevilSitophilus oryzae (L.) and the lesser grain borerRhyzopertha dominica (F.), was significantly reduced compared with wheat flour alone. Consumption was affected when the insects were exposed for 3 days to flour disks containing protein-rich fraction of the ‘Bonneville’ pea variety. Antifeedants present in the pea protein fraction are apparently responsible for the reduced feeding response in these species. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting May 6, 2004.  相似文献   

Emergency euthanasia of poultry and gamebirds     

Garcia R  Raj M 《The Veterinary record》2008,163(7):225

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Reproduction rate and viability of Merino,Nilagiri and halfbred Merino. II. Age specific replacement rate and net reproduction rate     

M. Mohan  V. Ulaganathan  I. M. Rodricks  C. K. Bhuvanakumar  M. Iyue 《Tropical animal health and production》1986,18(3):177-183

Summary Age specific replacement rate, net reproduction rate and intrinsic rate of population increase were estimated from records over a period of 11 years of Merino, Nilagiri and halfbreds. On an average for every 1000 ewes mated 830 ewes lambed, 917 lambs were born, 898 lambs were weaned and 422 ewe lambs survived to joining age (one and a half years) in Nilagiri sheep. The corresponding figures were 665, 685, 590 and 228 in Merino and 664, 709, 691 and 341 in halfbreds. Nilagiri ewes in intermediate ages had more multiple births and older ewes weaned more lambs. The flock strength was not maintained unless the ewes were kept till the fifth lambing in Merino, third lambing in Nilagiri and fourth lambing in halfbred Merino. These results along with the culling levels indicated that the low reproductive efficiency in halfbreds may not be critical enough to avoid introduction of Merino for improvement in productivity. However, the poor reproductive efficiency of the Merino in this country may necessitate repeat importations of Merino rams for production of halfbreds.

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Resumen Se estimó la tasa específica de edad de reemplazo, la tasa neta de reproducción y la tasa intrínsica de incremènto poblacional, a partir de registros tomados a través de II a?os, de ovejas de las razas Merino, Nilagiri y Merino media sangre. En promedio, por cada 1000 ovejas apareadas, 830 parieron, 917 corderos nacieron, 898 corderos se destetaron y 422 alcanzaron la edad de apareamiento (1 1/2 a?os), en ovejas Nilagiri. Los promedios correspondientes en Merino, fueron 665, 685, 590 y 228, y en Merino media sangre 664, 709, 691 y 341. Las ovejas Nilagiri en edad intermedia, tuvieron más mellizos y las ovejas más viejas, destetaron más corderos. La vitalidad del reba?o no se pudo mantener, a memos que las ovejas se dejaran hasta el quinto parto en Merino, tercero en Nilagiri y cuarto parto en media sangre. Estos resultados junto con los niveles de descarte, indicaron, que la baja eficiencia reproductiva de las media sangre, posiblemente no es suficientemente crítica, para evitar la introducción de sangre Merino, tendiente al mejoramiento de la productividad. Sin embargo, la pobre eficiencia reproductiva de la raza Merino observada en el país, solo podría superarse mediante la importación contínua de machos, para la producción de media sangre.

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Résumé Le taux de renouvellement, le taux net de reproduction et le taux intrinsèque d’augmentation de la population ont été enregistrés pendant une période de onze ans pour les races Mérinos, Nilagiri et demi-sang. En moyenne, on a eu 917 agneaux nés pour 1000 brebis accouplées/830 brebis agnelantes; 898 agneaux ont été sevrés et 422 jeunes brebis ont survécu jusqu’à l’age de la lutte (un an et demi) dans la race Nilagiri. Pour les Mérinos, les chiffres correspondant sont: 665, 685, 590 et 228, et pour les demi-sang: 664, 709, 691 et 341. Les brebis Nilagiri d’age intermédiaire ont eu plus de naissances multiples et les plus vielles brebis donnent naissance à plus d’agneaux. Pour que l’effectif du troupeau se maintienne, les brebis doivent être conservées jusqu’au cinquième agnelage chez les Mérinos, au troisième chez les Nilagiri et au quatrième chez les croisés Mérinos. Ces résultats, ainsi que les niveaux de réforme, indiquent que le bas rendement en reproduction des demi-sang n’est pas suffisamment crucial pour éviter l’introduction de Mérinos dans le but d’augmenter la productivité. Toutefois les maigres performances de reproduction du Mérinos dans le pays obligent à des importations répétées de béliers Mérinos pour la production des demi-sang.

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Characterization of CO₂ Responsiveness in a Brassica oxycamp Interspecific Hybrid     

D. C. Uprety  Neeta Dwivedi  Rajat Mohan 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1998,180(1):7-13

A study of the characterization of CO₂ responsiveness in Brassica oxycamp and its parents Brassica oxyrrhina and Brassica campestris was done using open top chamber technology. The response of the X. B. oxycamp (hybrid) to elevated CO₂ was significantly positive in respect of photosynthesis and growth and similar to that of its parent B. campestris. X B. oxycamp and B. campestris with greater sink potential responded significantly, whereas B. oxyrrhina with a poor sink, did not respond to CO₂ enrichment. Photosynthetic changes at elevated CO₃ levels in the hybrid and parents are partially attributed to the CO₂ effects on stomatal conductance and chlorophyll fluorescence.  相似文献   

Prevalence of anaplasmosis in ruminants in Northern India     

R N Mohan  R C Pathak 《The Indian veterinary journal》1966,43(8):685-689

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A model of lamb production from an autumn catch crop     

P.A. Geisler  J.E. Newton  R.D. Sheldrick  A.E. Mohan 《Agricultural Systems》1979,4(1):49-57

A model of lambs feeding on an autumn catch crop is described. The program must be supplied with data on the crop of interest, and with utilisation factors for that crop. The program then computes figures on land use and gross margins for management policies chosen by the user.When supplied with available data on catch crops, calculations indicate that under certain circumstances use of such a crop to fatten lambs in the autumn may well be a profitable venture. Thus it is concluded that more data on such crops should be collected.  相似文献   

Effect of vertical mulch on moisture conservation and yield of sorghum in Vertisols     

M.S.Rama Mohan Rao  V.Ranga Rao  M Ramachandram  R.C Agnihotri 《Agricultural Water Management》1977,1(4):333-342

The intake rate of the local Vertisol is very low (0.08 cm/h). Vertical mulch was used from 1971 to 1976 in order to improve infiltration. Higher moisture contents were recorded near the mulch. The favourable effects of mulch extended to 1.5 m on either side of the mulch row. Vertical mulching exerted a greater influence on crop yields under dry conditions than in normal and above normal seasons. Compared with low yields in control plots (grain: 0.2 q/ha (20 kg/ha); straw: 9.5 q/ha (950 kg/ha)) mulches spaced at 2, 4 and 8 m produced 3.9 q/ha of grain and 19.0 q/ha of straw under the extremely dry conditions of 1972–1973. However, the increase in grain and straw yields under wet conditions in 1973–1974 was only 47.2 and 15.0%, respectively. Averaged over dry and wet years, vertical mulching resulted in 45.1 and 37.9% higher grain and straw yields. The favourable effects of vertical mulching were found to last for 4 years. Considering dry and wet years, a spacing of 4 m was found to be ideal. Placing sorghum stubble as a vertical mulch to the top of the salt zone (30 cm) was found to be as good as placing it to a depth of 90 cm.  相似文献   

Serologic survey of slaughter-age ostriches (Struthio camelus) for antibodies to selected avian pathogens     

Ley EC  Morishita TY  Harr BS  Mohan R  Brisker T 《Avian diseases》2000,44(4):989-992

Serum samples from 163 slaughter-age ostriches (Struthio camelus) in Ohio and Indiana were tested for antibodies to avian influenza virus (AIV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), paramyxovirus (PMV) 2, PMV3, PMV7, infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), Bordetella avium, Mycoplasma synoviae, Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, Salmonella pullorum, Salmonella gallinarum, and Salmonella typhimurium. One ostrich had antibodies to AIV H5N9, 57% of the ostriches had antibodies to NDV, four ostriches had antibodies to both NDV and PMV2, and one ostrich had antibodies to NDV, PMV2, PMV3, and PMV7. None of the ostriches had antibodies to IBDV, B. avium, M. synoviae, M. gallisepticum, O. rhinotracheale, S. pullorum, S. gallinarum, and S. typhimurium. This is the first report of antibodies to avian influenza and PMV7 in ostriches in the United States.  相似文献   

Counting India's wild tigers reliably     

Karanth KU  Gopalaswamy AM  Kumar NS  Delampady M  Nichols JD  Seidensticker J  Noon BR  Pimm SL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,332(6031):791

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