Association between computed tomographic thoracic injury scores and blood gas and acid–base balance in dogs with blunt thoracic trauma     

Robert M. Kirberger  Andrew L. Leisewitz  Yolandi Rautenbach  Chee Kin Lim  Nerissa Stander  Nicky Cassel  Luke Arnot  Marizelle deClercq  Richard Burchell 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2019,29(4):373-384

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The rate of Salmonella spp. infection in zoo animals at Seoul Grand Park, Korea     

Y. H. Jang  S. J. Lee  J. G. Lim  H. S. Lee  T. J. Kim  J. H. Park  B. H. Chung  N. H. Choe 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2008,9(2):177-181

Salmonellosis is an important zoonotic disease that affects both people and animals. The incidence of reptile-associated salmonellosis has increased in Western countries due to the increasing popularity of reptiles as pets. In Korea, where reptiles are not popular as pets, many zoos offer programs in which people have contact with animals, including reptiles. So, we determined the rate of Salmonella spp. infection in animals by taking anal swabs from 294 animals at Seoul Grand Park. Salmonella spp. were isolated from 14 of 46 reptiles (30.4%), 1 of 15 birds (6.7%) and 2 of 233 mammals (0.9%). These findings indicate that vigilance is required for determining the presence of zoonotic pathogen infections in zoo animals and contamination of animal facilities to prevent human infection with zoonotic diseases from zoo facilities and animal exhibitions. In addition, prevention of human infection requires proper education about personal hygiene.  相似文献   

Seroprevalence and risk factors for influenza A viruses in pigs in Peninsular Malaysia     

Suriya R  Hassan L  Omar AR  Aini I  Tan CG  Lim YS  Kamaruddin MI 《Zoonoses and public health》2008,55(7):342-351

Following a series of H5N1 cases in chickens and birds in a few states in Malaysia, there was much interest in the influenza A viruses subtypes that circulate among the local pig populations. Pigs may act as a mixing vessel for avian and mammal influenza viruses, resulting in new reassorted viruses. This study investigated the presence of antibodies against influenza H1N1 and H3N2 viruses in pigs from Peninsular Malaysia using Herdcheck Swine Influenza H1N1 and H3N2 Antibody Test Kits. At the same time, the presence of influenza virus was examined from the nasal swabs of seropositive pigs by virus isolation and real time RT-PCR. The list of pig farms was obtained from the headquarters of the Department of Veterinary Services, Malaysia, and pig herds were selected randomly from six of 11 states in Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 727 serum and nasal swab samples were collected from 4- to 6-month-old pigs between May and August 2005. By ELISA, the seroprevalences of swine influenza H1N1 and H3N2 among pigs were 12.2% and 12.1% respectively. Seropositivity for either of the virus subtypes was detected in less than half of the 41 sampled farms (41.4%). Combination of both subtypes was detected in 4% of all pigs and in 22% of sampled farms. However, no virus or viral nucleic acid was detected from nasal samples. This study identified that the seropositivity of pigs to H1N1 and H3N2 based on ELISA was significantly associated with factors such as size of farm, importation or purchase of pigs, proximity of farm to other pig farms and the presence of mammalian pets within the farm.  相似文献   

Detection and molecular characterization of calf diarrhoea bovine coronaviruses circulating in South Korea during 2004-2005     

Park SJ  Lim GK  Park SI  Kim HH  Koh HB  Cho KO 《Zoonoses and public health》2007,54(6-7):223-230

Although the widespread occurrence of calf diarrhoea (CD) bovine coronavirus (BCoV) infections have been reported in most cattle producing countries, only the genetic differences in the BCoVs from American and Canadian isolates and/or strains have been identified and compared. Hence, it is unclear if the BCoVs circulating in the other countries have distinct genetic characteristics. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and genetic diversity of CD BCoVs based on the deduced amino acid (aa) sequences of the spike (S) and haemagglutinin/esterase (HE) proteins in South Korea. RT-PCR and nested PCR using the primer pairs specific to the nucleocapsid gene, BCoVs detected the BCoVs in 56 (15.6%) of 359 diarrhoeic faecal samples. Phylogenetic analysis of the entire S gene indicated that 10 Korean CD BCoV strains clustered with other Korean BCoV strains with different clinical forms but were different from the American and Canadian BCoV strains. Moreover, the phylogenetic data of the aa sequences of the HE gene revealed all the Korean CD strains to be distinct from the other Korean BCoV strains with different clinical forms. These results suggest that the Korean BCoVs cause endemic infections in diarrhoeic calves in Jeonnam province and have taken a different evolutionary pathway from the BCoVs in other countries. Moreover, the different BCoV strains are circulating in the different clinical forms in South Korea. These results also suggest that vaccines against the BCoVs can be developed with each Korean BCoV in different clinical forms.  相似文献   

Replacement of Shortening in Yellow Layer Cakes by Corn Dextrins     

Hye Young L. Kim  Hyeon Won Yeom  Hyesook S. Lim  Seung‐Taik Lim 《Cereal Chemistry》2001,78(3):267-271

Shortening in a conventional yellow layer cake was replaced by maltodextrin (MD), amylodextrin (AD), octenyl succinylated amylodextrin (OSAD), or mixtures (MD+AD and MD+OSAD). The physical and sensory characteristics of the shortening‐free cakes were investigated. The specific gravity and viscosity of the cake batter, and the volume index of the baked cake were significantly reduced by MD, whereas the cake with added AD or OSAD showed a higher volume index than the control cake containing the shortening. An equivalent mixture of MD and AD, or MD and OSAD, however, produced cakes with a volume index and color defined as ΔE*(ab) that was similar to the control cake. Sensory evaluation revealed that the cakes containing AD or OSAD had significantly higher firmness than the control, but the cakes containing a mixture of MD and AD had firmness, springiness, and overall flavor scores similar to that of the control cake. According to instrumental texture profile analysis (TPA), MD addition, either alone or mixed with AD or OSAD, reduced firmness, whereas AD addition made the cake significantly firmer. When the shortening‐free cakes were stored for eight days at 4°C, TPA revealed greater changes in cake firmness and adhesiveness for MD alone. Cakes made from mixtures of dextrins (MD+AD and MD+OSAD) showed textural change with storage similar to that of the control cake, although the MD+AD cake remained softer than the control.  相似文献   

Feeding behavior under dark conditions in larvae of sutchi catfish <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pangasianodon hypophthalmus</Emphasis>     

Yukinori Mukai  Audrey Daning Tuzan  Leong Seng Lim  Syahirah Yahaya 《Fisheries Science》2010,76(3):457-461

Sutchi catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus hatch with morphologically immature sensory organs; however, sensory organs develop rapidly with larval growth. Two-day-old larvae commenced ingesting Artemia nauplii. The larvae displayed many taste buds on the barbels, the head surface, and in the buccal cavity. Other sense organs were also well developed at this stage. Feeding experiments revealed that 2-day-old larvae ingested Artemia under both light and dark conditions, moreover, the larvae could ingest frozen dead Artemia. The ingestion rates for 4- and 7-day-old larvae were significantly higher under dark conditions than under light conditions. The rates using frozen dead Artemia were mostly higher than the rates using live Artemia. Therefore, feeding behavior under dark conditions is most likely not mediated by visual or mechanical senses, but rather by chemosensory senses, such as taste buds. Larval fish are vulnerable to predators; thus, if they can search for and eat food at night, they can avoid diurnal predators. The behavior observed here appears to represent their survival strategy. Moreover, these results suggest a new possibility that sutchi catfish larvae can be reared under dark or dim light conditions in order to improve survival and growth rates as in the case of African catfish Clarias gariepinus.  相似文献   

Status of giant clam resources around Okinawa‐jima Island,Ryukyu Archipelago,Japan     

Mei Lin Neo  Kah Kheng Lim  Sung‐Yin Yang  Giun Yee Soong  Giovanni D. Masucci  Piera Biondi  Hin Boo Wee  Hiroki Kise  James D. Reimer 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2019,29(6):1002-1011

Partial replacement of fish meal by cottonseed meal and soybean meal with iron and phytase supplementation for parrot fish Oplegnathus fasciatus     

Se-Jin Lim  Kyeong-Jun Lee   《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2009,290(3-4):283-289

Two consecutive feeding trials were conducted to determine the optimum dietary level of the cottonseed and soybean meal (CS) for replacement of fish meal (FM) in diets for juvenile and ongrowing parrot fish with or without iron and phytase. In experiment I, juvenile parrot fish (BW: 3.17 g) were fed one of six experimental diets for 12 weeks which were formulated to replace FM protein by equal proportion (1:1, w:w) of CS at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, or 50% (designated as CS0, CS10, CS20, CS30, CS40, or CS50, respectively). In experiment II, ongrowing parrot fish (BW: 55 g) were fed one of five experimental diets for 9 weeks. The experimental diets were formulated to replace FM protein by CS at 0, 20, or 30% (designated as CS0, CS20, or CS30, respectively) and to include ferrous sulfate (0.1 and 0.2%) and phytase into the CS20 and CS30 diets (CS20 + Fe&P and CS30 +Fe&P, respectively). Results from the two feeding trials indicated that the CS could replace up to 20% FM protein in diets for juvenile parrot fish (3–22 g) and up to 30% in ongrowing (55–120 g) parrot fish. The supplemental effect of iron and phytase was not significant on growth performance. Total or each gossypol enantiomer concentration in the liver increased as the level of dietary cottonseed meal increased. However, gossypol in the liver of fish fed diets supplemented with iron was not detected. The dietary supplementation of CS significantly reduced the levels of plasma triacyglycerols and total cholesterol. The present study indicates that plant protein sources are better utilized in larger fish, and that up to approximately 30% FM protein could be replaced by CS with iron and phytase in the presence of supplemental lysine and methionine.  相似文献   

Increasing Fish Oil Levels in Commercial Diets Influences Hematological and Immunological Responses of Channel Catfish,Ictalurus punctatus     

Mediha Yildirim‐Aksoy  Chhorn Lim  Richard Shelby  Phillip H Klesius 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2009,40(1):76-86

Growth performance, immune responses and disease resistance were studied in juvenile channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, fed a commercial diet (35.3% crude protein and 5.6% lipid) supplemented with menhaden fish oil at levels of 0, 3, 6, and 9% for 15 wk. Dietary fish oil levels did not significantly influence growth performance of catfish. Fatty acid compositions of whole‐body and liver reflected dietary fatty acid composition. No differences were found in hematological values, except that fish fed the 9% fish oil diet had significantly lower hematocrit. The resistance of erythrocytes to hemolysis in hypotonic solutions increased with increasing fish oil levels and the highest resistance was seen with the 9% fish oil diet. Fish fed 6 and 9% added fish oil diets had significantly higher serum protein levels than that of control fish. Serum lysozyme activity of fish fed 3 and 6% added fish oil diet was significantly higher than that of the control. Complement activity and chemotaxis ratio significantly decreased in fish fed diets with 6 or 9% added fish oil. The 3% added fish oil diet, however, had significantly highest natural hemolytic complement activity. Mortality from Edwardsiella ictaluri 14 d postchallenge and antibody titers to E. ictaluri did not differ among treatments.  相似文献   

Effects of Processing Parameters on Physical Properties of Corn Starch Extrudates Expanded Using Supercritical CO2 Injection     

Eun Yong Lee  Gi-Hyung Ryu  Seung-Taik Lim 《Cereal Chemistry》1999,76(1):63-69

Corn starch was extruded with a corotating twin-screw extruder (24:1 L/D ratio, 31-mm screw diameter) and supercritical CO₂ was injected as a blowing agent. The effects of barrel temperature (80–90°C), screw speed (150–250 rpm), and water injection (30–54 g/min) on specific mechanical energy (SME) input for the process and the physical properties of extrudates, such as expansion ratio, water absorption (WA), water solubility (WS), breaking stress, and elastic modulus, were examined using a response surface methodology. Barrel temperature had the greatest effect on physical properties of extrudates but not on SME input, whereas screw speed and water injection had significant effects on SME input. Extrudates had a smooth surface, and air cells were uniform and closed, providing low WA and WS. Using superimposed contour plots, optimum barrel temperature, screw speed, and water injection rate, based on maximum expansion ratio and minimum SME input, were 94–96°C, 155–175 rpm, and 36–39 g/min, respectively.  相似文献