Isolation of endophytic Frankia from root nodules of Casuarina equisetifolia and infectivity of the isolate to host plants     

Chiharu Tani  Katsumi Takenouchi  Mikiko Abe  Toshiki Uchiumi  Akihiro Suzuki 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(1):137-142

Abstract

A method which uses the pressure head to predict unsaturated hydraulic conductivity is presented to calculate the soil water flux in a field. Hydraulic conductivities in the primary drying and wetting processes were measured with core samples in the laboratory and the hysteresis between the hydraulic conductivity and pressure head was taken into account. Hydraulic gradients were measured every hour with tensiometers installed in the field. This method was applied to analyze the water movement at 94-cm depth in Hydric Hapludands. Downward or upward flow of water by summing soil water fluxes was examined using the water balance method. Amounts of downward flow determined by our method after heavy rain in a wet soil were slightly larger in the soybean plot but smaller in the bare plot than those obtained by the water balance method due to non-uniform infiltration. Water balance equation which used values of upward flow across a 94-cm depth estimated reasonably well the evapotranspiration from the soybean plot and the evaporation from the bare plot during a dry period. Effect of initial soil water conditions on downward flux by rainfall was well monitored by our method.  相似文献   

Aquaculture performance of triploid barfin flounder Verasper moseri     

Tatsunari Mori  Setsuo Saito  Chiharu Kishioka  Katsutoshi Arai 《Fisheries Science》2006,72(2):270-277

ABSTRACT:   To evaluate the aquaculture performance of triploid barfin flounder Verasper moseri , the sex ratio, maturation, growth and the relative proportion of body parts were examined. The sex ratio of triploids was similar to diploids under communal rearing conditions, but the proportion of female diploids was higher than that of triploids under separate rearing conditions. The gonadosomatic index of triploid females was very low even during the spawning season, and the ovaries were rudimentary. These results suggest that triploid barfin flounder females were sterile. In addition, triploid males produced a small quantity of milt containing very few spermatozoa with abnormal shapes. Spermatozoa obtained from triploids were aneuploidies. When normal eggs were fertilized with sperm from triploid males, no fry developed. These results suggest that triploid barfin flounder males were functionally sterile. Triploid males grew more slowly than diploid males, and triploid females showed similar or slower growth than diploid females, whether reared separately (23 months) or communally (35 months). The ratios of visceral weight to the edible parts for triploid males were similar to those for diploid males, but ratios for triploid females were higher than for diploid females during the spawning period. In conclusion, a significant improvement of growth was not found in triploid barfin flounders.  相似文献   

Reappraisal of Ashby's hypothesis on heterosis of physiological traits in maize,Zea mays L     

Minoru Yamada  Teruo Ishige  Yasunobu Ohkawa 《Euphytica》1985,34(3):593-598

Summary The present study was undertaken to reappraise the materials and methods used by various reports discussing Ashby's hypothesis on heterosis of physiological traits in maize. The review of 15 reports led to the conclusion that both Ashby's hypothesis and the subsequent refutations of the hypothesis were based on insufficient evidence. New experiments using suitable pollination techniques and an appropriate statistical analysis enabled us to confirm Ashby's hypothesis.This work is supported by the Green Energy Program' (GEP84-II-6-6) promoted by MAFF.  相似文献   

Comparison of protein chemical and physicochemical properties of rapeseed cruciferin with those of soybean glycinin     

Mohamed Salleh MR  Maruyama N  Adachi M  Hontani N  Saka S  Kato N  Ohkawa Y  Utsumi S 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(25):7380-7385

Rapeseeds contain cruciferin (11S globulin), napin (2S albumin), and oleosin (oil body protein) as major seed proteins. The effects of oil expression and drying conditions on the extraction of these proteins from rapeseed meal were examined. The conditions strongly affected the extraction of oleosin and only weakly affected the extraction of cruciferin and napin. The protein chemical and physicochemical properties of cruciferin, the major protein present, were compared with those of glycinin (soybean 11S globulin) under various conditions. In general, cruciferin exhibited higher surface hydrophobicity, lower thermal stability, and lower and higher solubility at mu= 0.5 and mu = 0.08, respectively, than did glycinin. At the pHs (6.0, 7.6, and 9.0) and ionic strengths (mu= 0.08 and 0.5) examined, the emulsifying ability of cruciferin was worse than that of glycinin, except at mu= 0.08 and pH 7.6. The emulsifying abilities of cruciferin and glycinin did not correlate with thermal stability and surface hydrophobicity. Higher protein concentration, higher heating temperature, higher pH, and lower ionic strength were observed to produce harder gels from cruciferin. Gel hardness partly correlated with the structural stability of cruciferin.  相似文献   

Proline accumulates in Casuarina equisetifolia seedlings under salt stress     

Chiharu TANI  Hideo SASAKAWA 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2006,52(1):21-25

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Phytoremediation of the herbicides atrazine and metolachlor by transgenic rice plants expressing human CYP1A1, CYP2B6, and CYP2C19   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Kawahigashi H  Hirose S  Ohkawa H  Ohkawa Y 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(8):2985-2991

This study evaluated the expression of human cytochrome P450 genes CYP1A1, CYP2B6, and CYP2C19 in rice plants (Oryza sativa cv. Nipponbare) introduced using the plasmid pIKBACH. The transgenic rice plants (pIKBACH rice plants) became more tolerant toward various herbicides than nontransgenic Nipponbare rice plants. Rice plants expressing pIKBACH grown in soil showed tolerance to the herbicides atrazine, metolachlor, and norflurazon and to a mixture of the three herbicides. The degradation of atrazine and metolachlor by pIKBACH rice plants was evaluated to confirm the metabolic activity of the introduced P450s. Although both pIKBACH and nontransgenic Nipponbare rice plants could decrease the amounts of the herbicides in plant tissue and culture medium, pIKBACH rice plants removed greater amounts in greenhouse experiments. The ability of pIKBACH rice plants to remove atrazine and metolachlor from soil was confirmed in large-scale experiments. The metabolism of herbicides by pIKBACH rice plants was enhanced by the introduced P450 species. Assuming that public and commercial acceptance is forthcoming, pIKBACH rice plants may become useful tools for the breeding of herbicide-tolerant crops and for phytoremediation of environmental pollution by organic chemicals.  相似文献   

Seroepidemiological survey of morbillivirus infection in Kuril harbor seals (Phoca vitulina stejnegeri) of Hokkaido, Japan     

Fujii K  Sato H  Kakumoto C  Kobayashi M  Saito S  Kariya T  Watanabe Y  Sakoda Y  Kai C  Kida H  Suzuki M 《The Japanese journal of veterinary research》2006,54(2-3):109-117

Serological analysis was performed to detect morbillivirus infection in Kuril harbor seals in Hokkaido, Japan. Serum samples were collected from the seals at Nosappu (231 sera), Akkeshi (16), and Erimo (75) between 1998 and 2005. Antibodies to phocine distemper virus (PDV) were detected by ELISA in seals from Nosappu and Erimo. Antibodies to PDV were found in 56% (5/9) of the sampled seals from Nosappu in 1998, versus only 5% (3/66) for 2003, 1% (1/79) for 2004, and 1% (1/77) for 2005. These suggest epidemic caused by the virus in or before 1998. As antibody-positive seals included juvenile seals in 2003 and 2005, sporadic infections of the virus are thought to have occurred in recent years. In Erimo, antibodies to PDV were found in 50% (14/28) of sampled seals in 2004, versus only 13% (1/8) for 1999, 7% (1/15) for 2003, and 0% (0/24) for 2005. These suggest sporadic infection by the virus before 2003 and the epizootic between after autumn in 2003, when samples of 2003 were collected, and 2004. Since antibodies to canine distemper virus (CDV) were detected in one adult seal from Nosappu in each year from 2003 to 2005, sporadic infections of the virus were suggested. There were no difference in incidence of seals with antibodies to the viruses between males and females and between juveniles and adults.  相似文献   

Interleukin-6 protects skin lesion caused by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene     

Murata M  Nishimura N  Zhang B  Satoh M  Tohyama C 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2003,65(4):511-513

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) regulates essential physiological functions such as acute phase reaction, immune response and hematopoiesis. We here studied possible protective effects of IL-6 on skin damage caused by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) by using IL-6 null mice. The mice were topically applied with a single dose of DMBA (500 microg /mouse) on the dorsal skin. Osmotic pumps filled with recombinant human IL-6 (rhIL-6) were implanted subcutaneously on the ventral side of the mice. Control mice received PBS instead of rhIL-6 by the pump. Severe skin damage was observed in IL-6-null mice, whereas only epidermal hyperplasia was observed in the wild-type mice. Recombinant hIL-6 treatment to DMBA-treated IL-6-null mice suppressed the occurrence of the skin damage, indicating.  相似文献   

Molecular Monitoring of the Main Changes in Bacterial Floral Diversity in the Gastrointestinal Tract of a Thoroughbred Foal with Catarrhal Enteritis by Using PCR-DGGE     

Hidetoshi Morita PhD  Fumihiko Nakajima DVM  Masaru Murakami DVM  PhD  Akihito Endo PhD  Takehito Suzuki DVM  PhD  Chiharu Shiratori  bachelor  Yukio Kato DVM  PhD  Alexandre T. Okatani DVM  PhD  Hiroaki Akita DVM  PhD  Toshio Masaoka DVM  PhD 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2007,27(1):14-19

In this study, the main changes in bacterial floral diversity in the gastrointestinal tract of a Thoroughbred foal were monitored by using polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). The foal died of catarrhal enteritis of the cecum and large colon. Diarrheal feces and gastrointestinal contents were compared with normal feces. The closest relatives of the bacterium in the samples were Lactobacillus johnsonii (100% similarity), uncultured Bacteroides sp. (92.5% similarity), Bacteroides fragilis (96.3% similarity), and Enterococcus faecium/Enterococcus durans (100% similarity); these were detected by PCR-DGGE using a universal primer set. Monitoring revealed that the numbers of Escherichia coli/Shigella sonnei (97.9% similarity) were significantly higher in the diarrheal feces. Thus, PCR-DGGE is a useful tool for monitoring the main changes in bacterial floral diversity occurring in the gastrointestinal tracts of Thoroughbreds.  相似文献   

Administration of estradiol-3-benzoate down-regulates the expression of testicular steroidogenic enzyme genes for testosterone production in the adult rat     

Sakaue M  Ishimura R  Kurosawa S  Fukuzawa NH  Kurohmaru M  Hayashi Y  Tohyama C  Ohsako S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2002,64(2):107-113

ABSTRACT. To study the role of estrogen in the testes, testosterone and testicular steroidogenic enzyme mRNA levels were investigated in male Sprague-Dawley rats 24 hr after intramuscular administration of a single dose of estradiol-3-benzoate (EB). EB administration resulted in a greater decrease in intra-testicular and serum testosterone in 10-week-old rats than in 3- or 5-week-old rats. A dose of 2 microg EB/kg had the lowest observed effect. The level of serum luteinizing hormone (LH) was unchanged at any dose. Semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that, of the four major testicular steroidogenic enzymes, mRNA levels of cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage and 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type-III were significantly reduced, and mRNA levels of cytochrome P450 17alpha-hydroxylase/ C17-20 lyase (P450c17) were reduced severely and significantly, by EB administration. However, the level of 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type-I mRNA was not changed. In addition, the P450c17 mRNA level in EB-treated rats was much lower than that in the testes of hypophysectomized rats, with the level in the latter being equal to that in control rats. LH is secreted into blood periodically, the effects of estrogen on the LH secretion pattern of the pituitary gland, for example, in frequency and amplitude of LH pulse, were difficult to detect with the methods of the present study. The results indicated, at least, that EB administration down-regulates P450c17 gene expression predominantly, resulting in the inhibition of testosterone production. From the differences in the steroidogenic enzyme expressions between hypophysectomized and EB-treated rats, it was suggested that EB acts on the testis directly or indirectly though not via alteration of LH secretion and induces reduction of P450c17 mRNA level.  相似文献