Comparative Characterization of Enzymatic Digestion from Fish and Soybean Meal from Simulated Digestive Process of Pacific Bluefin Tuna,Thunnus orientalis          下载免费PDF全文

Ariana I. Román‐Gavilanes  Emmanuel Martínez‐Montaño  María Teresa Viana 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2015,46(4):409-420

The digestive process of the Pacific bluefin tuna (PBT), Thunnus orientalis, was simulated through two phases of in vitro digestion: acidic digestion with porcine pepsin, followed by alkaline digestion with pancreatic crude extract (PCE) obtained from the PBT to hydrolyze fish meal (FM) and soybean meal (SBM) as protein substrates. The crude protein from FM resulted in a lower degree of hydrolysis (73.3%) compared with SBM (79.2%). However, the resulting digested products showed that FM contained 35% more small peptides, with sizes <6.5 kDa than those from the starting material (>150 kDa). The SBM had an increase of only 1.3% in the similar peptide cut‐offs found after hydrolysis. These results suggested that FM appeared to be a better source of protein according to the amount of low‐molecular weight peptides. In addition, the proteolytic activity of PCE showed that 88.9% of its alkaline proteolytic activity corresponded to trypsin and 2.9% corresponded to chymotrypsin activity. The results shown here demonstrate that peptide sizes are important in identifying suitable protein sources for aquafeed production to reinforce the primary results obtained from the in vitro digestibility using the pH‐Stat system. These results also contribute to a better understanding of the digestibility process in aquatic organisms.  相似文献   

Assessment of molecular detection of Fusarium circinatum in insects and passive spore traps in Pinus radiata plantations     

Jaime Aguayo  Cline Fourrier‐Jeandel  Xavier Capdevielle  Fabrice Vtillard  Dominique Piou  Eugenia Iturritxa  Ccile Robin 《Forest Pathology》2020,50(1)

Fusarium circinatum is the causal agent of pitch canker, a destructive disease that threatens natural and planted pine forests around the world. Although pitch canker has caused problems in Spain and Portugal, concerning Europe as a whole, the fungus is not established across the pine distribution area. Its dispersion by wind and/or insect vectors could nevertheless play a role in the colonization of currently uninfected stands. It is therefore crucial to develop monitoring tools for its detection. To this end, we assessed the molecular detection of the pathogen in environmental samples of bark beetles and passive spore traps, collected in two infected Pinus radiata plantations in Basque country, Spain. The spread pattern of F. circinatum was assessed by an experimental design that included insect and spore traps installed at the centre, at the edge and outside the plots. Our results showed that F. circinatum was detected in both types of samples, at almost all collection dates. In both type of samples, positive detections were mainly found at the centre of the plots, a lower proportion at the edge, and very few outside. This suggests that long‐distance dispersion of Fusarium circinatum does not rely on wind spore dispersal neither on insect flight. Our study also shows that molecular methods are a powerful tool to monitor the pathogen in environmental samples.  相似文献   

瓠瓜新品种浙蒲8号的选育     

吴晓花  汪宝根  鲁忠富  徐沛  吴新义  邹宜静  李国景 《中国蔬菜》2015,1(6):61

浙蒲8号是以自交系G7-4-3-1-2-1为母本、自交系J63-1-6-3-2-1为父本配制而成的耐热瓠瓜一代杂种。植株生长势较强,早中熟,以侧蔓结瓜为主,坐瓜性较好。商品瓜中棒形,上下粗细较均匀,平均瓜长约30cm,横径约5cm,瓜皮绿色,具光泽,单瓜质量0.4~0.5kg。耐高温性较强,高温期商品瓜率较对照杭州长瓜高6个百分点;品质佳,游离氨基酸总量1304.193μg·g-1,其中谷氨酸含量85.663μg·g-1;田间对枯萎病和白粉病的抗性强于对照杭州长瓜。适宜作露地栽培和夏秋季设施避雨栽培,夏秋季栽培每667m2产量2600kg以上。  相似文献   

Tissue distribution of olive flounder VDAC2 and its expression in fish cell lines     

Aijun Lü  Xiucai Hu  Li Li  Chao Pei  Chao Zhang  Xianglin Cao  Xianghui Kong  Guoxing Nie  Xuejun Li  Jingfeng Sun 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2015,41(4):899-907

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非洲猪瘟疫情背景下兽医公共卫生学课程的教学策略     

李郁  孙裴  徐前明  刘雪兰  魏建忠 《畜牧与饲料科学》2019,40(10):102-104

兽医公共卫生学是利用一切与人类和动物健康问题有关的理论知识、实践活动和物资资源,为人类健康事业服务的一门综合性应用学科,在动物性食品安全、动物疫病及人兽共患病方面发挥着重要的防线作用。针对当前我国发生的非洲猪瘟疫情,在阐述兽医公共卫生学重要性的基础上,分析了兽医公共卫生学课程的教学策略,以期打破对兽医专业认识的局限性,强化理解兽医公共卫生的意义,提升兽医公共卫生学的课程价值,并为优化教学内容、提高教学质量提供指导。  相似文献   

青海省海东市不同等级降水和旱涝关系研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

祁栋林 《中国农学通报》2020,36(4):101-112

青海省海东市是青海省重要的粮食生产基地,干旱直接影响着农业的有序发展。利用1961—2015年青海省海东市5个气象站逐日降水资料,笔者分析各级雨量和雨日及Z指数的变化趋势,并研究各级雨量和雨日对旱涝的影响。结果表明：（1）夏（冬）半年降水以小雨（雪）和中雨（雪）为主;夏半年小雨和大到暴雨（中雨）的雨量及雨日呈减小（增加）趋势,冬半年各级雨量及雨日均呈减小趋势;（2）夏、冬半年Z指数均表现为不显著的减小趋势;（3）采用偏相关系数和相对贡献率分析,夏半年中雨和大到暴雨雨量及雨日对Z指数有显著的影响,冬半年小雪的雨量和雨日对Z指数变化影响最大;（4）采用合成分析法的标准化值,在偏涝年,各级雨量和雨日基本都为正值,夏半年差异主要表现在大到暴雨和中雨雨量和雨日,而冬半年差异主要表现在小雪雨量和雨日;在偏旱年,各级降水雨量和雨日基本都为负值,夏半年差异主要表现在中雨雨量和雨日,冬半年差异主要表现在小雪和中雪雨量和雨日。  相似文献   

蓝莓提取物对改善小鼠睡眠剥夺型记忆力减退的影响研究     

杨闯  潘顺圆  刘鑫悦  李震东  杨帆  裴娜  孙磊  任永宁  孔凡志 《黑龙江八一农垦大学学报》2020,32(6):38-42

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Diel rhythms of sexual behavior and pheromone responses in Phauda flammans Walker (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae)     

Xia‐Lin Zheng  Jun‐Yan Liu  Zhi‐Lin Zhang  Pan Wang  Wen Lu 《Pest management science》2019,75(11):3070-3075

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Population‐level effects of egg predation on a native planktivore in a large freshwater lake     

David B. Bunnell  Justin G. Mychek‐Londer  Charles P. Madenjian 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2014,23(4):604-614

Using a 37‐year recruitment time series, we uncovered a field pattern revealing a strong, inverse relationship between bloater Coregonus hoyi recruitment success and slimy sculpin Cottus cognatus biomass in Lake Michigan (United States), one of the largest freshwater lakes of the world. Given that slimy sculpins (and deepwater sculpin Myoxocephalus thompsonii) are known egg predators that spatiotemporally overlap with incubating bloater eggs, we used recently published data on sculpin diets and daily ration to model annual bloater egg consumption by sculpins for the 1973–2010 year‐classes. Although several strong year‐classes were produced in the late 1980s when the proportion of eggs consumed by slimy sculpins was extremely low (i.e., <0.001) and several weak year‐classes were produced when the proportion of bloater eggs consumed was at its highest (i.e., >0.10–1.0), egg predation failed to explain why recruitment was weak for the 1995–2005 year‐classes when the proportion consumed was also low (i.e., <0.02). We concluded that egg predation by slimy and deepwater sculpins could have limited bloater recruitment in some years, but that some undetermined factor was more important in many other years. Given that slimy sculpin densities are influenced by piscivorous lake trout Salvelinus namaycush, the restoration of which in Lake Michigan has lagged behind those in lakes Superior and Huron, our study highlights the importance of an ecosystem perspective when considering population dynamics of fishes.  相似文献   

Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Barodon on Growth Performance,Innate Immunity and Disease Resistance of Juvenile Olive Flounder,Paralichthys olivaceus,Against Streptococcus iniae     

Chang‐Hoon Shin  Hien Thi Dieu Bui  Samad Rahimnejad  Ji‐Hoon Cha  Byung‐Woo Yoo  Bo‐Kyeun Lee  Hyung‐Jin Ahn  Soo‐Il Choi  Yun‐Jeong Choi  Yong‐Ho Park  Jeong‐Dae Kim  Kyeong‐Jun Lee 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2014,45(3):258-268

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of Barodon, an anionic alkali mineral complex, on growth, feed utilization, humoral innate immunity and disease resistance of olive flounder. A basal experimental diet was used as a control and supplemented with 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5% Barodon. Triplicate groups of fish (26.4 ± 0.2 g) were fed one of the diets to apparent satiation twice daily for 10 wk. The growth performance was enhanced (P < 0.05) linearly and quadratically in fish fed diets containing Barodon compared with that in fish fed the control. Feed utilization was significantly improved by Barodon supplementation. Serum lysozyme and antiprotease activities were increased quadratically in Barodon fed groups. Also, significantly higher superoxide dismutase activity was found in Barodon‐fed fish. Dietary supplementation of 0.1–0.3% Barodon resulted in significant enhancement of fish disease resistance against Streptococcus iniae. The findings in this study indicate that dietary supplementation of Barodon can enhance growth, feed utilization, innate immunity, and disease resistance of olive flounder and that the optimum level seems to be 0.1% in diets.  相似文献