Gymnodimine C, an isomer of gymnodimine B, from Karenia selliformis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Miles CO  Wilkins AL  Stirling DJ  MacKenzie AL 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(16):4838-4840

Gymnodimine C (1), an oxidized analogue of the spiro-imine algal toxin gymnodimine (3), was isolated from extracts of the cells of Karenia selliformis. The structure of gymnodimine C, determined by one- and two-dimensional 1H NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, was found to be isomeric with gymnodimine B (2) at C-18.  相似文献   

Possible thiamine deficiency in dogs     

J. Stirling M.R.C.V.S. 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(8)

Abstract

Extract

Sir,—Recently Mayhew and Stewart (1969 Mayhew, I. G. and Stewart, J. M. 1969. Nervous syndrome in dogs possibly associated with a thiamine deficiency. N.Z. vet. J., 17: 91–92. [Taylor &; Francis Online] , [Google Scholar]) described a nervous syndrome in dogs which they postulated could have been associated with a deficiency of thiamine.  相似文献   

Coccidiosis as a probable cause of unthriftiness and deaths in lambs     

R.M. Salisbury B.V.Sc.  J. Muir M.R.C.V.S.  J. Stirling M.R.C.V.S. 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(4):72-77

Extract

Coccidiosis in lambs has never been regarded in this country as being of any significance. From experiences over the last twelve months, a certain amount of circumstantial evidence has been accumulated to indicate that it may be responsible for unthriftiness in lambs and may even be associated with some serious mortalities. This assumption is based on clinical examination of lambs, post mortem findings, oocyst estimation in faecal samples, and the excellent response to Sulphamezathine therapy.  相似文献   

Citrus flavanones: what is their role in cardiovascular protection?     

Chanet A  Milenkovic D  Manach C  Mazur A  Morand C 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(36):8809-8822

Flavanones, including hesperidin and naringin, are polyphenolic compounds highly and almost exclusively present in citrus. Epidemiological studies reported an inverse relationship between their intake and the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Clinical and experimental data further showed their antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, insulin-sensitizing, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory properties, which could explain their antiatherogenic action in animal models. Although flavanones may be promising compounds that are particularly active in cardiovascular disease prevention, clinical data are still scarce and most in vitro data have been obtained under nonphysiologically relevant conditions. Moreover, the mechanisms responsible for flavanone action are not fully elucidated. Therefore, further research is needed to better evaluate and understand the protective effects of flavanones in cardiovascular diseases.  相似文献   

Performance of a short dietary questionnaire to assess nutrient intake using regression-based weights     

Vercambre MN  Boutron-Ruault MC  Niravong M  Berr C  Clavel-Chapelon F  Ragusa S 《Public health nutrition》2009,12(4):547-552

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Histopathologie du chancre cortical du cypres à Seiridium cardinale     

J. Ponchet Et  Claudine Androli 《Forest Pathology》1989,19(4):212-221

Histopathology of cankers on Cupressus caused by Seiridium cardinale . The purpose of this work was to understand host defense reactions of cypress trees against S. cardinale canker to improve selection of clones resistant to the disease. Following infection, bark recovery depends on the neophellogenic efficiency to build a necrophylactic periderm (NP) that compartmentalizes the diseased tissue. The thicker the NP the more resistant the bark. Neophellogenic activity can be estimated by measuring the thickness of constitutive phelloderm of the bark of trees from natural plantings or seedlings. Potentially resistant clones having phelloderms thicker than 100μm will be selected for further experiments.  相似文献   

You can swim but you can't hide: the global status and conservation of oceanic pelagic sharks and rays   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Nicholas K. Dulvy  Julia K. Baum  Shelley Clarke  Leonard J. V. Compagno  Enric Cortés  Andrés Domingo  Sonja Fordham  Sarah Fowler  Malcolm P. Francis  Claudine Gibson  Jimmy Martínez  John A. Musick  Alen Soldo  John D. Stevens  Sarah Valenti 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2008,18(5):459-482

• 1. Fishing spans all oceans and the impact on ocean predators such as sharks and rays is largely unknown. A lack of data and complicated jurisdictional issues present particular challenges for assessing and conserving high seas biodiversity. It is clear, however, that pelagic sharks and rays of the open ocean are subject to high and often unrestricted levels of mortality from bycatch and targeted fisheries for their meat and valuable fins.
• 2. These species exhibit a wide range of life‐history characteristics, but many have relatively low productivity and consequently relatively high intrinsic vulnerability to over‐exploitation. The IUCN — World Conservation Union Red List criteria were used to assess the global status of 21 oceanic pelagic shark and ray species.
• 3. Three‐quarters (16) of these species are classified as Threatened or Near Threatened. Eleven species are globally threatened with higher risk of extinction: the giant devilray is Endangered, ten sharks are Vulnerable and a further five species are Near Threatened. Threat status depends on the interaction between the demographic resilience of the species and intensity of fisheries exploitation.
• 4. 4. Most threatened species, like the shortfin mako shark, have low population increase rates and suffer high fishing mortality throughout their range. Species with a lower risk of extinction have either fast, resilient life histories (e.g. pelagic stingray) or are species with slow, less resilient life histories but subject to fisheries management (e.g. salmon shark).
• 5. 5. Recommendations, including implementing and enforcing finning bans and catch limits, are made to guide effective conservation and management of these sharks and rays.

Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Porcine gammadelta T cells: possible roles on the innate and adaptive immune responses following virus infection     

Takamatsu HH  Denyer MS  Stirling C  Cox S  Aggarwal N  Dash P  Wileman TE  Barnett PV 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2006,112(1-2):49-61

gammadelta T cells recognise different types of antigen in alternative ways to alphabeta T cells, and thus appear to play a complementary role in the immune response. However, unlike alphabeta T cells, the role or function of gammadelta T cells is still unclear. As pigs possess a high proportion of circulating gammadelta T cells, they are suitable large animal model to study gammadelta T cell functions. This as yet has not been fully exploited, leaving porcine gammadelta T cell biology and its role in immunity in its infancy. Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) high potency "emergency" vaccines are able to induce early protection from challenge and it has been suggested that, in part, there is some involvement of innate immune responses. The antigen component of the vaccine is able to stimulate purified naive pig gammadelta T cells and induce the mRNA of various cytokines and chemokines. This observation suggests that gammadelta T cells probably contribute to the early phase of the immune responses to FMD vaccination, and perhaps infection. A subset of these circulating gammadelta T cells display a phenotype similar to professional antigen presenting cells and are able to take up and present soluble antigen to CD4(+) T cells in a direct cell-cell interaction via MHC class II. This direct interaction between gammadelta T cells and CD4(+) T cells is likely to have a significant influence on the out come of the adaptive immune response.  相似文献   

Rapid progression of ocean acidification in the California Current System   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Gruber N  Hauri C  Lachkar Z  Loher D  Frölicher TL  Plattner GK 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,337(6091):220-223

Nearshore waters of the California Current System (California CS) already have a low carbonate saturation state, making them particularly susceptible to ocean acidification. We used eddy-resolving model simulations to study the potential development of ocean acidification in this system up to the year 2050 under the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios A2 and B1 scenarios. In both scenarios, the saturation state of aragonite ?(arag) is projected to drop rapidly, with much of the nearshore region developing summer-long undersaturation in the top 60 meters within the next 30 years. By 2050, waters with ?(arag) above 1.5 will have largely disappeared, and more than half of the waters will be undersaturated year-round. Habitats along the sea floor will become exposed to year-round undersaturation within the next 20 to 30 years. These projected events have potentially major implications for the rich and diverse ecosystem that characterizes the California CS.  相似文献   

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of cis- and all-trans-lycopene in human serum and prostate tissue after dietary supplementation with tomato sauce     

van Breemen RB  Xu X  Viana MA  Chen L  Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis M  Duncan C  Bowen PE  Sharifi R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(8):2214-2219

Several epidemiological studies suggest a lower incidence of prostate cancer in men who routinely consume tomato products. Tomatoes are the primary dietary source of lycopene, which is among the most potent antioxidants of the carotenoids. Men with clinical stage T1 or T2 prostate adenocarcinoma were recruited (n = 32) and consumed tomato sauce based pasta dishes for 3 weeks (equivalent to 30 mg of lycopene per day) before radical prostectomy. Prostate tissue from needle biopsy just before intervention and prostectomy after supplementation from a subset of 11 subjects was evaluated for both total lycopene and lycopene geometrical isomer ratios. A gradient HPLC system using a C(18) column with UV-vis absorbance detection was used to measure total lycopene. Because the absorbance detector was insufficiently sensitive, HPLC with a C(30) column and positive ion atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometric (LC-MS) detection was developed as a new assay to measure the ratio of lycopene cis/trans isomers in these samples. The limit of detection of the LC-MS method was determined to be 0.93 pmol of lycopene on-column, and a linear response was obtained over 3 orders of magnitude. Total lycopene in serum increased 2.0-fold from 35.6 to 69.9 microg/dL (from 0.664 to 1.30 microM) as a result of dietary supplementation with tomato sauce, whereas total lycopene in prostate tissue increased 3.0-fold from 0.196 to 0.582 ng/mg of tissue (from 0.365 to 1.09 pmol/mg). all-trans-Lycopene and at least 14 cis-isomer peaks were detected in prostate tissue and serum. The mean proportion of all-trans-lycopene in prostate tissue was approximately 12.4% of total lycopene before supplementation but increased to 22.7% after dietary intervention with tomato sauce. In serum there was only a 2.8% but statistically significant increase in the proportion of all-trans-lycopene after intervention. These results indicate that short-term supplementation with tomato sauce containing primarily all-trans-lycopene (83% of total lycopene) results in substantial increases in total lycopene in serum and prostate and a substantial increase in all-trans-lycopene in prostate but relatively less in serum.  相似文献