Free-radical-scavenging and antioxidant activities of secondary metabolites from reddened cv. Annurca apple fruits     

Cefarelli G  D'Abrosca B  Fiorentino A  Izzo A  Mastellone C  Pacifico S  Piscopo V 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(3):803-809

Forty-three secondary metabolites were isolated and characterized from cv. Annurca apple fruit, an apple variety cultivated in the south of Italy. This apple cultivar undergoes a typical reddening treatment after collection. All of the compounds were characterized on the basis of their spectroscopic data. The compounds were tested for their radical-scavenging and antioxidant activities by measuring their capacity to scavenge DPPH* (2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical), H2O2, and NO (nitric oxide) and to inhibit the formation of methyl linoleate conjugated diene hydroperoxides or TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive species).  相似文献   

Management of feral domestic cats in the urban environment of Rome (Italy)     

Natoli E  Maragliano L  Cariola G  Faini A  Bonanni R  Cafazzo S  Fantini C 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2006,77(3-4):180-185

In Italy, which is rabies-free, the national Law No. 281 [Legge Nazionale 14 agosto 1991. No. 281: Legge Quadro in materia di animali di affezione e prevenzione del randagismo. Gazz. Uff. Rep. Ital. no 203 del 30 agosto 1991: p. 3] on the management of pets and on the control of feral cats has introduced the no-kill policy for this species. Thus, “trap-neuter-release” (TNR) programs have been carried out for >10 years. In this paper we present data on registered colonies and censused cats in Rome from 1991 to 2000; the results of the neutering campaign from 1991 to 2000; and a survey, on 103 cat colonies, on the effects of demographic control of urban feral-cat colonies in the city of Rome, carried out by the local Veterinary Public Services (VPS) in collaboration with the associations of cat care-takers. In 10 years almost 8000 were neutered and reintroduced in their original colony. The spay/neuter campaigns brought about a general decrease in cat number but the percentage of cat immigration (due to abandonment and spontaneous arrival) is around 21%. This suggests that all these efforts without an effective education of people to control the reproduction of house cats (as a prevention for abandonment) are a waste of money, time and energy.  相似文献   

Undifferentiated tumor in the ovary of a corn snake (Elaphe guttata guttata)     

Petterino C  Bedin M  Podestá G  Ratto A 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2006,35(1):95-100

A 6-year-old intact female corn snake (Elaphe guttata guttata) was presented with a 3-week history of anorexia. Coelomic radiographs revealed a 9 x 4 cm soft tissue opacity suggestive of a right ovarian enlargement. The mass (9 x 5 x 4 cm) was surgically removed, and multiple smears from tissue sections were stained with Diff-Quik. Multiple tissue samples from the mass were collected and fixed in formalin. Cytologic specimens were moderately cellular and contained light pink amorphous background material. The cells were primarily spindle-shaped with moderate to marked anisocytosis and anisokaryosis. Cells sometimes were round to polygonal, and rarely were arranged in small clusters. Macrophages occasionally were observed. Histologic specimens consisted of a highly cellular mass composed of pleomorphic, spindle-shaped cells and, occasionally, round to polygonal cells arranged in irregular fascicles. The neoplastic cells were immunoreactive for cytokeratin (AE1/AE3), smooth muscle actin, and skeletal muscle actin, but did not stain for vimentin or desmin. On the basis of the morphologic and immunohistochemical results, a diagnosis of ovarian undifferentiated carcinoma was made. In this report, we describe the challenges of using immunohistochemistry to diagnose this uncommon type of tumor in reptiles.  相似文献   

Eosinophilic granulomatous gastroenterocolitis and hepatitis in a 1-year-old male Siberian Husky     

Brellou GD  Kleinschmidt S  Meneses F  Nolte I  Hewicker-Trautwein M 《Veterinary pathology》2006,43(6):1022-1025

A case of eosinophilic granulomatous gastroenterocolitis and hepatitis in a 1-year-old male Siberian Husky is described. The dog presented with a history of diarrhea, weakness, lethargy, and anorexia of several months' duration. Hematologic and biochemical examinations, abdominal ultrasonography, computer tomography, and exploratory laparotomy were performed. Histopathologic examination of full-thickness biopsies from the gastrointestinal tract and liver revealed the presence of eosinophilic granulomatous lesions in the submucosa and tunica muscularis of stomach, jejunum, ileum, colon, and liver. Infectious agents were not detected by light microscopic and electron microscopic examination or by immunohistochemistry. On the basis of the findings, it is concluded that the disease in this dog represents an unusual manifestation of chronic idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease.  相似文献   

Glyphosate-resistant weeds of South American cropping systems: an overview     

Vila-Aiub MM  Vidal RA  Balbi MC  Gundel PE  Trucco F  Ghersa CM 《Pest management science》2008,64(4):366-371

Herbicide resistance is an evolutionary event resulting from intense herbicide selection over genetically diverse weed populations. In South America, orchard, cereal and legume cropping systems show a strong dependence on glyphosate to control weeds. The goal of this report is to review the current knowledge on cases of evolved glyphosate-resistant weeds in South American agriculture. The first reports of glyphosate resistance include populations of highly diverse taxa (Lolium multiflorum Lam., Conyza bonariensis L., C. canadensis L.). In all instances, resistance evolution followed intense glyphosate use in fruit fields of Chile and Brazil. In fruit orchards from Colombia, Parthenium hysterophorus L. has shown the ability to withstand high glyphosate rates. The recent appearance of glyphosate-resistant Sorghum halepense L. and Euphorbia heterophylla L. in glyphosate-resistant soybean fields of Argentina and Brazil, respectively, is of major concern. The evolution of glyphosate resistance has clearly taken place in those agroecosystems where glyphosate exerts a strong and continuous selection pressure on weeds. The massive adoption of no-till practices together with the utilization of glyphosate-resistant soybean crops are factors encouraging increase in glyphosate use. This phenomenon has been more evident in Argentina and Brazil. The exclusive reliance on glyphosate as the main tool for weed management results in agroecosystems biologically more prone to glyphosate resistance evolution.  相似文献   

Distribution and thermal stability of physically and chemically protected organic matter fractions in soils across different ecosystems     

Beatrice?Giannetta  César?Plaza  Costantino?Vischetti  M.?Francesca?Cotrufo  Claudio?ZacconeEmail authorView author&#;s OrcID profile 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2018,54(5):671-681

Accrual of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in soil is a significant and realizable management option to mitigate climate change; thus, a clear understanding of the mechanisms controlling the persistence of C and N in soil organic matter (SOM) across different ecosystems has never been more needed. Here, we investigated SOM distribution between physically and chemically stabilized fractions in soils from a variety of ecosystems (i.e., coniferous and broadleaved forest soils, grassland soils, technosols, and agricultural soils). Using elemental and thermal analyses, we examined changes in the quantity and quality of physically fractionated SOM pools characterized by different mechanisms of protection from decomposition. Independently of the ecosystem type, most of the organic C and total N were found in the mineral-associated SOM pool, known to be protected mainly by chemical mechanisms. Indexes of thermal stability and C/N ratio of this heavy SOM fraction were lower (especially in agricultural soils) compared to light SOM fractions found free or occluded in aggregates, and suggested a marked presence of inherently labile compounds. Our results confirm that the association of labile organic molecules with soil minerals is a major stabilization mechanism of SOM, and demonstrate that this is a generalizable finding occurring across different mineral soils and ecosystems.  相似文献   

Woody leguminous trees: New uses for sustainable development of drylands     

David Castro  Johanna Urzúa  Mariano Rodriguez-Malebran  Claudio Inostroza-Blancheteau 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2017,36(8):764-786

Woody leguminous species are valuable crops because of their nutritional, economic, and ecological characteristics. Such crops have aided in the recovery of marginal lands for agricultural development due to their ability to fix nitrogen, control erosion, and act as a refuge for other species, in addition to their capacity to improve soil mineral composition and microbial biodiversity. Nevertheless, some leguminous trees are recognized to be one of the worst invasive species that affect negatively biodiversity and the entire ecosystem balance. In this study, we review new global uses for some woody leguminous crops, highlighting new nutraceutical and pharmacological properties, their uses as bioenergy sources, and their ecological uses for bioremediation opening new possibilities of management. We aim to bring knowledge on the multiple benefits that these woody plants continue to provide to humans from economic, social, and environmental standpoints.  相似文献   

Influence of colored plastic mulch on soil temperature,growth, nutrimental status,and yield of bell pepper under shade house conditions     

Claudio Ezequiel Canul-Tun  Luis A. Valdez-Aguilar  A. Javier Lozano-del Río  Antonio Cárdenas-Flores  Alejandro Zermeño-González 《Journal of plant nutrition》2017,40(8):1083-1090

The aim of this study was to determine if plastic mulch films may have positive effects on bell pepper plants grown under shade house conditions. The experimental design was split-plot, where large plots contained four plastic mulch films (black, aluminum, silver, and white) compared to bare soil and small plots contained two bell pepper cultivars. Plant shoot dry weight was higher in plastic mulch treatments than in bare soil. The net photosynthesis rate in the cultivar SWG-46 exceeded in net photosynthesis with respect to the cultivar SWG-42 in one of three sampling dates. Nutrients in leaf showed a similar behavior in plastic mulch treatments than the control but the total content of nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and sulfur (S) was increased. The total yield was higher in black plastic mulch than in the other plastic mulch colors and lowest in the control.  相似文献   

Differential expression of defence-related proteins in Vigna unguiculata (L. Walp.) seedlings after infection with Fusarium oxysporum     

Felipe A. Vieira  André O. Carvalho  Ângela P. Vitória  Claudio A. Retamal  Valdirene M. Gomes 《Crop Protection》2010

This work aimed to study the induction of defence proteins in cowpea seedlings during the first days after infection with the fungi Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubenses and F. oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli. Cowpea seeds, after disinfection, were transferred to Petri dishes containing 0.5% agar and, after germination, were infected with a drop of a suspension containing 0.5 × 10⁴ spores ml⁻¹. Seedlings were collected at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after infection and were dissected into leaves, hypocotyls, roots, cotyledons and teguments, which were measured and weighed for morphometric analysis. The agar medium was also analyzed. Enzymatic assays of proteic extracts yielded antimicrobial peptides detected by Western blotting. The cowpea seedlings showed a complex pattern of induction and repression of defence proteins in response to infection by both pathogens. Furthermore, morphometric analysis showed differences between infected and control seedlings. Infected samples did not at any time exhibit chitinase activity, but did exhibit different β-1,3-glucanase and peroxidase activities. Western blotting for lipid transfer protein (LTP) demonstrated its presence in all parts of the infected seedlings. Exuded proteins, also obtained from cowpea seeds in the germination medium, were separated by SDS-PAGE and tricine gel electrophoresis. The analysis showed that some proteins were exuded from moistened cowpea seeds, particularly after F. oxysporum infection.  相似文献   

Invasive mould infections of the naso-orbital region of cats: a case involving Aspergillus fumigatus and an aetiological review     

Cristina Giordano  Paola Gianella  Stefano Bo  Antonella Vercelli  Chiara Giudice  Daniele Della Santa  Anna Maria Tortorano  Claudio Peruccio  Andrea Peano 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2010,12(9):714-723

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