2-anilino-3-methylbutyrates and 2-(isoindolin-2-yl)-3-methylbutyrates,two novel groups of synthetic pyrethroid esters not containing a cyclopropane ring     

Clive A. Henrick  Barbara A. Garcia  Gerardus B. Staal  David C. Cerf  Richard J. Anderson  Karen Gill  Henry R. Chinn  Jeffrey N. Labovitz  Michael M. Leippe  Sam L. Woo  Robert L. Carney  Douglas C. Gordon  Gustave K. Kohn 《Pest management science》1980,11(2):224-241

A new series of substituted 2-anilino-3-methylbutyrates has been prepared; bioassay data for these compounds on Heliothis virescens, Musca domestica, Aphis fabae and Tetranychus urticae are presented and discussed. Some unexpected relationships were observed between the nature of the substituents and the biological activity. Increases in foliar stability were noted with certain substitution patterns. Both α-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl 3-methyl-2-(α, α, α,2-tetrafluoro-p-toluidino)butyrate and the corresponding 2-(2-chloro-α, α, α-trifluoro-p-toluidino)-3-methylbutyrate showed good stability in air and light, and exhibited biological activities of a similar nature and potency to those of previously known synthetic pyrethroids. Esters of the (R)-2- anilino-3-methylbutyric acids are far more active than those prepared from the (S)-enantiomers. The (R)-configuration at C-2 in these acids is sterically equivalent to the active absolute configuration at the chiral carbon α to the carboxylate group in both the permethrin and the fenvalerate types of pyrethroids. A new class of insecticidal 2-(isoindolin-2-yl)alkanoates is also reported. In this series the most biologically active analogue was α-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl 3-methyl-2-(4,5,6,7-tetrafluoroisoindolin-2-yl)butyrate. These esters were considerably less stable than the anilino analogues on exposure to air and light.  相似文献   

Further development of bendiocarb for the control of disease vectors with particular reference to the housefly,Musca domestica L.     

Roger W. Lemon  Clive R. Bromilow 《Pest management science》1977,8(2):177-182

Bendiocarb is recommended for the control of a wide range of arthropod pests associated with buildings. They include ants, bed bugs, carpet beetles, cockroaches, fleas and silverfish. The compound is currently being developed for the control of adult Musca domestica L. Preliminary tests in the laboratory gave promising results and subsequently a series of field experiments were conducted in the Middle East. These involved treatment of farm buildings, a slaughterhouse and parts of an urban area in which domestic refuse was the source of the fly problem. The trials demonstrated that bendiocarb spray (2.4 g a.i. + 10 g sucrose/litre) will effectively control adult flies for a period of 7–14 days in hot, arid climatic conditions.  相似文献   

Effects of inhaled yttrium oxide on blood lactic acid, erythrocyte volume, and histologic features of lungs in exercised dogs     

W O Reece  R B Talbot  M J Swenson 《American journal of veterinary research》1967,28(125):979-992

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Incidence and distribution of helminth and arthropod parasites of indigenous owned pigs in Papua Mew Guinea     

N. T. Talbot 《Tropical animal health and production》1972,4(3):182-190

Summary Twenty-five species of helminth and arthropod parasites were recorded from village reared pigs in Papua New Guinea during a survey carried out during1966–69. Infection with the lungwormMetastrongylus sp. is considered to be a major contributing cause of mortality in highland areas. Other helminths of economic importance under village management systems are the kidney worm (Stephanurus dentatus), Gnathostoma sp.,Ascaris suum, Oesophagostomum sp. andMacrocanthorhynchus hirudinaceus. The possible role of the New Guinea village pig in transmission of parasitic zoonoses is briefly discussed.

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Sumario Se han reportado veinticuatro especies de parásitos helmintos y artr’opodos de cerdos criados en caceríos en Papua, Nueva Guinea, durante una encuesta llevada a cabo durante 1966–1969. La infección con el parásito pulmonarMetastrongilus spp. es considerada ser una causa de importancia de la mortalidad observada en areas elevadas. Otros parásitos helmintos de importancia económica bajo sistemas de manejo en caceríos son: el parásito del ri?ónStephanurus dentatus, Gnathostoma sp.,Ascaris suum, Oesophagostomun sp.,y. Macrocanthorhynchus hirudinaceus. Se discute el posible rol del cerdo do cacerío de Nueva Guinea en la transmisión de zoonosis parasíticas.

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Résumé Vingt quatre espèces d’helminthes et d’arthropodes parasites sont rapportées chez les porcs élevés dans les villages en Papouasie et Nouvelle-Guinée pendant une enquête menée de 1966 à 1969. L’infection pulmonaire àMetastrongylus est considérée comme la cause majeure de mortalité dans les zones d’altitude. D’autres helminthes d’importance économique dans le système d’organisation villageois sont le strongle des reins (Stephanurus dentatus), Gnathostoma sp.,Ascaris suum., Oesophagostomum sp. etMacrocanthorhynchus hirudinaceus. Le r?le possible du porc de village en Nouvelle-Guinée dans la transmission de zoonoses parasitatires est brièvement discuté.

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Comparison of the standard predictive equation for calculation of resting energy expenditure with indirect calorimetry in hospitalized and healthy dogs     

O'Toole E  Miller CW  Wilson BA  Mathews KA  Davis C  Sears W 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2004,225(1):58-64

OBJECTIVE: To determine the level of clinical agreement between 2 methods for the measurement of resting energy expenditure (REE). DESIGN: Prospective case series. ANIMALS: 77 dogs. PROCEDURE: Oxygen consumption (Vo2) and CO2 production (Vco2) were measured with an open-flow indirect calorimeter in healthy (n = 10) and ill (67) dogs. Measurements were collected at 3 time periods on 2 days. The Vo2 and the Vco2 measurements were then used to calculate the REE values. RESULTS: Mean values of measured (MREE) and predicted (PREE) REEs in healthy dogs and a dog with medical illnesses or trauma were not significantly different. There was a significant difference on day 2 between the MREE and PREE in the group of dogs recovering from major surgery. More importantly, there was significant variation between the PREE and MREE on an individual-dog basis. The PREE only agreed to within +/- 20% of the MREE in 51% to 57% of the dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The level of agreement between these two methods for determining the 24-hour REE was poor in individual dogs. The level of disagreement between the 2 methods indicates that these methods may not be used interchangeably in a clinical setting. Measurement of REE by use of indirect calorimetry may be the only reliable method of determining REE in an individual ill or healthy dog.  相似文献   

Animal welfare matters   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Phillips C 《Australian veterinary journal》2004,82(1-2):63-64

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Plant science. Microtubules make tracks for cellulose     

Lloyd C 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,312(5779):1482-1483

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A technique for pelvic radiography in the standing horse     

Barrett EL  Talbot AM  Driver AJ  Barr FJ  Barr AR 《Equine veterinary journal》2006,38(3):266-270

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: An alternative technique of radiographing the pelvis in the standing horse is required, to avoid the risks associated with general anaesthesia. HYPOTHESIS: That lateral oblique radiography in the standing horse would be a useful technique in the investigation of pelvic injury. OBJECTIVES: To describe the technique of lateral oblique pelvic radiography in the standing horse and demonstrate the feasibility and usefulness of this technique. METHODS: A technique for lateral oblique radiography in the standing horse was devised and retrospective review made of radiographic findings in 18 clinical cases. RESULTS: The caudal iliac shaft, greater trochanter of the femur, femoral head, acetabulum and coxofemoral articulation on the side under investigation were visualised consistently using this technique. Of the 18 cases, 3 iliac shaft fractures, 1 acetabular fracture, 2 coxofemoral luxations and 4 horses with new bone formation around the coxofemoral joint and/or proximal femur were identified. CONCLUSIONS: Lateral oblique radiography in the standing, conscious horse can be used to investigate conditions affecting the caudal iliac shaft, coxofemoral articulation and proximal femur in the horse. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: The technique is straightforward, noninvasive and useful in the investigation of horses with suspected pelvic injury. However, not all pelvic injuries would be identified, and normal radiographic findings do not rule out injury or fractures elsewhere in the pelvis.  相似文献   

Septin-mediated plant cell invasion by the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae     

Dagdas YF  Yoshino K  Dagdas G  Ryder LS  Bielska E  Steinberg G  Talbot NJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6088):1590-1595

To cause rice blast disease, the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae develops a pressurized dome-shaped cell called an appressorium, which physically ruptures the leaf cuticle to gain entry to plant tissue. Here, we report that a toroidal F-actin network assembles in the appressorium by means of four septin guanosine triphosphatases, which polymerize into a dynamic, hetero-oligomeric ring. Septins scaffold F-actin, via the ezrin-radixin-moesin protein Tea1, and phosphatidylinositide interactions at the appressorium plasma membrane. The septin ring assembles in a Cdc42- and Chm1-dependent manner and forms a diffusion barrier to localize the inverse-bin-amphiphysin-RVS-domain protein Rvs167 and the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein Las17 at the point of penetration. Septins thereby provide the cortical rigidity and membrane curvature necessary for protrusion of a rigid penetration peg to breach the leaf surface.  相似文献   

Responses to graded replacement of urea by maize steep liquor in diets for intensively fed lambs for meat production     

Mahr-un-Nisa  Shahzad MA  Phillips CJ  Sarwar M 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(5):947-952

Urea is a common ingredient of the diets of intensively fed lambs, but is increasingly required for industrial processes. Maize steep liquor (MSL) is a by-product of maize grain degradation to produce starch that may be a suitable replacement. Fifty growing lambs were fed on equinitrogenous diets in which between 0% and 80% of the urea was replaced by MSL; their growth and metabolism were recorded over 70 days. Increasing replacement of urea by MSL increased feed intake and nutrient digestibilities, leading to increased growth rates, more efficient feed conversion, and increased nitrogen retention. Concentrations of triiodothyroxin, thyroxin, glucose, and methionine were increased by replacement of urea by liquor, and plasma urea was reduced. This study suggests that MSL is a suitable replacement for up to 80% of urea in the diet of rapidly growing lambs.  相似文献