Mutation in internode length affects wheat plant-type     

Qualset CO  Fick GN  Constantin MJ  Osborne TS 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1970,169(3950):1090-1091

A mutant form was found in an M(2) population of wheat Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell. (aestivum group) 'Seneca'. The population was derived from soaked grains treated with 3.2 kilorads of gamma rays. The first and second internodes below the spike were reduced in length 33 and 15 percent, respectively, and the total height was 18 percent shorter than the prototype. The flag leaf sheath was normal in length resulting in spike placement below the flag leaf lamina. Segregation data suggest that one dominant gene controls this character. The canopy structure of a population of mutant plants is different from that of the normal type; therefore, this mutant can be used to evaluate light interception and physiological aspects of crop productivity.  相似文献   

A polymorphism within the G6PC2 gene is associated with fasting plasma glucose levels     

Bouatia-Naji N  Rocheleau G  Van Lommel L  Lemaire K  Schuit F  Cavalcanti-Proença C  Marchand M  Hartikainen AL  Sovio U  De Graeve F  Rung J  Vaxillaire M  Tichet J  Marre M  Balkau B  Weill J  Elliott P  Jarvelin MR  Meyre D  Polychronakos C  Dina C  Sladek R  Froguel P 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,320(5879):1085-1088

Several studies have shown that healthy individuals with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels at the high end of the normal range have an increased risk of mortality. To identify genetic determinants that contribute to interindividual variation in FPG, we tested 392,935 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 654 normoglycemic participants for association with FPG, and we replicated the most strongly associated SNP (rs560887, P = 4 x 10(-7)) in 9353 participants. SNP rs560887 maps to intron 3 of the G6PC2 gene, which encodes glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit-related protein (also known as IGRP), a protein selectively expressed in pancreatic islets. This SNP was associated with FPG (linear regression coefficient beta = -0.06 millimoles per liter per A allele, combined P = 4 x 10(-23)) and with pancreatic beta cell function (Homa-B model, combined P = 3 x 10(-13)) in three populations; however, it was not associated with type 2 diabetes risk. We speculate that G6PC2 regulates FPG by modulating the set point for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells.  相似文献   

Shape differences of the Carina sterni in birds of various locomotion types     

Migena Gjoni Gündemir  Tomasz Szara  Constantin Spataru  Ismail Demircioglu  Bernard Turek  Georgios Petrovas  Mihaela Claudia Spataru 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2023,52(2):190-196

The anatomy of the sternum in birds varies according to their habitats and type of locomotion. In particular, the carina sterni manifest different shape variations. In this study, the shape of the carina sterni was investigated by means of geometric morphometrics. Birds of different types of locomotion were used in the study: flying, swimming, and terrestrial. Ducks and chickens show a wider variety of shapes. Pigeons are the species with the least differences. The margo cranialis carinae in a turkey is the flattest compared to other species. In chickens, the apex carinae is more caudally than the base of the carina sterni. The margo cranialis of the carina sterni in ducks is concave. The differences in centroid size and shape differences between species collectively are statistically significant (p < 0.0001). The most distinct shape contrast is between the duck and turkey (p: 0.0003). Form differences between the ducks and geese as well as between the chicken and turkey are statistically insignificant. There is less variation in the shape of the carina sterni among avian species representing the same type of locomotion. Although there are many comparative morphological and morphometric studies of birds, shape analysis studies revealing the interspecific differences and similarities of the sternum are very limited. Morphology of the carina sterni can be useful in taxonomic investigations.  相似文献