Grape seed proanthocyanidins prevent plasma postprandial oxidative stress in humans   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Natella F  Belelli F  Gentili V  Ursini F  Scaccini C 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(26):7720-7725

Postprandial hyperlipemia is a well-defined risk factor for atherosclerosis. A reasonable contributing mechanism could involve the postprandial increase of plasma lipid hydroperoxides (LPO) affecting the oxidant/antioxidant balance and increasing the susceptibility of LDL to oxidation. Wine has been shown to prevent both these events. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of supplementing a meal with grape seed proanthocyanidins (the main phenolic antioxidant of red wine) on plasma postprandial oxidative stress. In two different sessions, 8 healthy volunteers consumed the same test meal rich in oxidized and oxidizable lipids without (control) or with 300 mg of a proanthocyanidin-rich grape seeds extract (GSE). Lipid hydroperoxide concentration, antioxidant status, and LDL resistance to oxidative modification were measured in postprandial plasma. The content of LPO in chylomicrons was 1.5-fold higher after the control meal than after the GSE-supplemented meal. Plasma LPO increased only after consumption of the control meal. The plasma antioxidant capacity increased in the postprandial phase only following the GSE supplemented meal. LDL isolated 3 h after the control meal tended to be more susceptible to oxidative modification (but the difference did not reach statistical significance). An opposite trend was observed following the GSE supplemented meal. In conclusion, the supplementation of a meal with GSE minimizes the postprandial oxidative stress by decreasing the oxidants and increasing the antioxidant levels in plasma, and, as a consequence, enhancing the resistance to oxidative modification of LDL.  相似文献   

Effect of pH and ionic strength modifications on thermal denaturation of the 11S globulin of sunflower (Helianthus annuus)     

Molina MI  Petruccelli S  Añón MC 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(19):6023-6029

Helianthinin, the main storage protein of sunflowers, has low water solubility and does not form a gel when heated; this behavior is different from other 11S globulins and limits its food applications. To understand this particular behavior, changes on helianthinin association-dissociation state induced by modifications in pH and ionic strength were analyzed. The influence of these different medium conditions on its thermal stability and tendency to form aggregates was also studied. Helianthinin behavior at different pH values and ionic strengths is similar to other 11S globulins except that it remains in a trimeric form at pH 11. Helianthinin thermal stability is higher than other 11S globulins but is lower than oat 11S globulin. Alkaline pH produces a 10 degrees C decrease of its denaturation temperature and also of the cooperativity of denaturation process, but it does not affect the denaturation activation energy. The decrease in thermal stability with the pH increase is also manifested by its tendency to form aggregates by SH/SS interchange reactions. When thermal treatments at alkaline pH are performed, all helianthinin subunits form aggregates, characterized by a higher proportion of beta-polypeptides than alpha-polypeptides, which is an indication that aggregation is accompanied by dissociation. Treatments at 80 degrees C are sufficient to induce aggregation but not to produce denaturation, and in these conditions hexameric forms remain after the treatment.  相似文献   

Intra and inter-annual variation in seed rain in a secondary dry tropical forest excluded from chronic disturbance     

Cristina Martínez-Garza  Marcela Osorio-BeristainDavid Valenzuela-Galván  Alondra Nicolás-Medina 《Forest Ecology and Management》2011,262(12):2207-2218

Domestic livestock grazing and firewood extraction are chronic and pervasive disturbances in dry secondary forest that reduce diversity and modify composition. Exclosure of such disturbances may allow the reestablishment of original diversity. To investigate potential vegetation recovery following 30 years of perturbation, seed rain was evaluated monthly during 3 years in 96 0.78 m² seed traps located in eight exclosures established in 2006 in a species-poor secondary dry forest in central Mexico. Twelve additional seed traps were located outside the exclosures in 2010 for comparison purposes. Baseline diversity of seed sources (trees, ?5 cm DBH) was recorded to compare standing tree composition with seed rain. Also, baseline diversity of potential primary (birds) and secondary (ants) dispersal vectors were registered to infer current plant-animal interactions. Total seed rain over 3 years within the exclosures comprised 180,375 seeds from 61 woody species, an average of 1.12 seeds/m²/month. Half of these species (31) and 95% of the seeds falling within the exclosures belonged to trees typical of perturbed sites. Sixty percent of all recorded seeds belonged to an early-successional, bird-dispersed shrub (Hamelia patens Jacq., Rubiaceae). Seed rain at one non-excluded plot was dominated by the wind-dispersed early-successional tree Heliocarpus sp. (Tiliaceae). Richness and seed density increased significantly in the second year of exclusion; however, by the third year, richness remained constant while seed density decreased. Seed rain was richer and more abundant during the dry season and was dominated by wind-dispersed species. Phenology, successional status and the dispersal modes of woody species explained most variance in richness and seed density of seed rain in early-successional dry forest. Seeds of early-successional species were dispersed in equal measure by abiotic and biotic vectors, whereas biotic vectors dispersed a higher density of late-successional seeds. The amount and timing of fall of abiotically dispersed seeds of the three most abundant species in the standing tree community may prolong their current domination of the landscape. However, even when richness in the seed rain within exclosures remained constant through time, composition was gradually shifting towards animal-dispersed species which may start a positive feedback producing an increase in animal visitation and a further increase of richness.  相似文献   

A case study of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eucalyptus globulus</Emphasis> fingerprinting for breeding     

Maria Margarida Ribeiro  Leopoldo Sanchez  Carla Ribeiro  Fátima Cunha  José Araújo  Nuno M. G. Borralho  Cristina Marques 《Annals of Forest Science》2011,68(4):701-714

• Introduction  

Tree genetic improvement programs usually lack, in general, pedigree information. Since molecular markers can be used to estimate the level of genetic similarity between individuals, we genotyped a sample of a Portuguese Eucalyptus globulus breeding population—a reference population of 125 individuals—with 16 microsatellites (SSR).  相似文献   

Effect of coupling media on velocity and attenuation of ultrasonic waves in Brazilian wood   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Raquel?Gon?alvesEmail author  Alex?Julio?Trinca  Gisleiva?Cristina?dos?Santos Ferreira 《Journal of Wood Science》2011,57(4):282-287

Coupling media are necessary to ensure that transducers bond to wood specimens to minimize coupling losses and improve the accuracy of ultrasonic measurements. There are several types of coupling media available, and the optimal choice is not known. In this work, we analyzed the results of ultrasonic wave attenuation for 0.1-MHz longitudinal and transverse transducers with six different materials as coupling media in nine species of Brazilian wood with densities in the range 700–1170 kg/m³. Tests were performed using constant pressure on the transducer and with wave propagation in the longitudinal direction. For transverse transducers, the polarization was in the radial and tangential directions. The results were analyzed statistically and showed that, for attenuation in both longitudinal and transverse waves, the material used for coupling had significant effects, whereas the wood species had no effect. For longitudinal waves, the statistical evaluation showed that the coupling material performance was strongly dependent on the species of wood, but it was not possible to observe any tendency of behavior associated with specific anatomical properties.  相似文献   

烤烟钾素库源关系生理调控措施研究   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8  

周丕东  石孝均  毛知耘 《植物营养与肥料学报》2001,7(4):404-409

在大田生产条件下 ,采用单株挂牌设置处理的研究方法 ,研究涂抹生长素与其它不同生长调节剂和烟株顶端调控等措施对烤烟钾吸收及其在库源中再分配的影响。结果表明 ,现蕾后不打顶或打顶结合生长素处理茎断面均有利于不同部位叶片含钾量的提高 ,以打顶结合涂抹生长素效果更好 ;内源生长素和外源生长素都有利于烟株体内的钾素向叶片中分配 ,其中外源生长素的活性更强 ,能更有效地提高烟株叶片的含钾量 ,且涂抹 2次比涂抹 1次的效果好 ,但涂抹次数间差异不显著。  相似文献   

Changes in broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. Var. italica) health-promoting compounds with inflorescence development     

Vallejo F  García-Viguera C  Tomás-Barberán FA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(13):3776-3782

Changes in phenolic compounds, total glucosinolates, and vitamin C were monitored during the productive period along five inflorescence development stages of three broccoli commercial cultivars (Marathon, Monterrey, and Vencedor). In an attempt to identify differences due to agronomic factors, broccoli cultivars were grown under different sulfur fertilization with poor (15 kg/ha) and rich (150 kg/ha) rates. Phenolic compounds and vitamin C concentrations showed, in all broccoli cultivars, a rising trend from the first stage until the over-maturity stage, both for rich and poor sulfur fertilization. Significant differences were detected in the first two stages between rich and poor sulfur fertilization in total glucosinolates for all broccoli cultivars, where the highest concentration was always observed in the second development stage (used as minimally processed product) during poor fertilization. With regard to the last three stages, the glucosinolate concentration in the poor sulfur fertilization started to slope down until the over-maturity stage. Where rich sulfur fertilization is concerned, the highest level was reached during the third stage (used as minimally processed product also), and after that, glucosinolate concentration decreased until the fifth stage.  相似文献   

The wide diversity of structurally similar wine proteins     

Monteiro S  Piçarra-Pereira MA  Mesquita PR  Loureiro VB  Teixeira A  Ferreira RB 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2001,49(8):3999-4010

In the present work, single grape variety wines, Moscatel and Arinto, were used. Analysis by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the wine proteins revealed the presence of only a few polypeptides ranging in molecular mass from 15 to 30 kDa. However, a more detailed examination of the whole protein fraction, by a combination of techniques, showed that these wines contain a very large number (many tens and, possibly, many more) of distinct polypeptides, exhibiting similar molecular masses but different electrical charges. The results obtained using highly specific antibodies and N-terminal sequencing indicate that there is structural similarity among most of the wine polypeptides. These observations can be explained by the existence of a common precursor to most or all of the wine proteins, which could generate all of the detected polypeptides by limited proteolysis. Comparison of the N-terminal sequences of the polypeptides isolated from Moscatel wine with proteins from other sources revealed a high degree of homology to pathogenesis-related proteins.  相似文献   

Influence of vine training and sunlight exposure on the 3-alkyl-2-methoxypyrazines content in musts and wines from the Vitis vinifera variety cabernet sauvignon   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Sala C  Busto O  Guasch J  Zamora F 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(11):3492-3497

The influence of vine training and sunlight exposure on the 3-alkyl-2-methoxypyrazines contents in musts and wines was studied by means of two previously reported methods based on headspace solid-phase micro-extraction. Experimental samples were monitored throughout grape ripening and wine making. 3-Isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine, 3-sec-butyl-2-methoxypyrazine and 3-isopropyl-2-methoxypyrazine were identified. The 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine content decreased throughout grape ripening in all of the sample types studied. After 1 day of maceration with the skins, there was an increase, but after racking, no further increase was observed. No significant differences between samples were found during grape ripening. Wines from goblet-trained vines, however, contained significantly less 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine. Clusters protected from sunlight since the beginning of the veraison resulted in wines with a significantly lower content of this compound than the control samples.  相似文献   

Determination of antioxidant power of red and white wines by a new electrochemical method and its correlation with polyphenolic content   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Alonso AM  Domínguez C  Guillén DA  Barroso CG 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(11):3112-3115

A new method for measuring the antioxidant power of wine has been developed based on the accelerated electrochemical oxidation of 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS). The calibration (R = 0.9922) and repeatability study (RSD = 7%) have provided good statistical parameters. The method is easy and quick to apply and gives reliable results, requiring only the monitoring of time and absorbance. It has been applied to various red and white wines of different origins. The results have been compared with those obtained by the total antioxidant status (TAS) method. Both methods reveal that the more antioxidant wines are those with higher polyphenolic content. From the HPLC study of the polyphenolic content of the same samples, it is confirmed that there is a positive correlation between the resveratrol content of a wine and its antioxidant power.  相似文献