A novel multiplex PCR assay to detect and distinguish between different types of Paenibacillus larvae and Melissococcus plutonius,and a survey of foulbrood pathogen contamination in Japanese honey     

Mariko OKAMOTO  Hirotaka FURUYA  Ikuko SUGIMOTO  Masahiro KUSUMOTO  Daisuke TAKAMATSU 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2022,84(3):390

Paenibacillus larvae and Melissococcus plutonius are the causative agents of American and European foulbroods of honey bees, respectively. Since their virulence and resistance to disinfectants differ depending on the genotypes/phenotypes of the strains, the discrimination of strain types is important for the effective control of these diseases. Methods to detect and differentiate pathogens in honey are useful for surveying the contamination status of beehives/apiaries. In the present study, we selected a sequence (GenBank accession no. {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"FI763267","term_id":"224923825"}}FI763267) as the specific target for enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) II-type P. larvae strains for the first time and developed a novel multiplex PCR assay that precisely distinguishes between the major types of foulbrood pathogens (ERIC I and II P. larvae and typical and atypical M. plutonius) in one reaction. In addition, we found that commercially available kits designed for DNA extraction from Mycobacterium in feces efficiently extracted DNA from foulbrood pathogens in honey. Using the multiplex PCR assay and DNA extraction kits, all the targeted types of P. larvae and M. plutonius were detected in honey spiked with the pathogens at a concentration of 100 bacterial cells/strain/ml. Moreover, 94% of the Japanese honey samples examined in the present study were contaminated with one or more types of the foulbrood pathogens. These results indicate that the newly developed methods are useful for detecting foulbrood pathogens in honey. The epidemiological information obtained by these methods will contribute to the effective control of foulbroods in apiaries.  相似文献   

Effects of warm-up intensity on oxygen transport during supramaximal exercise in horses     

Mukai K  Hiraga A  Eto D  Takahashi T  Hada T  Tsubone H  Jones JH 《American journal of veterinary research》2008,69(5):690-696

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Improving the accuracy of estimating blood calcium concentration in Holstein cows using electrocardiographic variables     

Megumi ITOH  Yasuhiro NAKAJIMA  Kouki KUWANO  Daisuke MAEDA  Yoshie SAKURAI  Yoshitaka MATSUI  Satoshi KAWAMOTO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2022,84(2):193

We previously reported the possibility of using the electrocardiogram variable to estimate blood calcium (Ca) concentration in dairy cows based on the strong positive correlation between the blood Ca concentration and the inverse of the corrected ST peak interval (STc⁻¹). To improve the accuracy of the estimation of blood Ca concentration, we investigated the relationship between blood Ca concentration and STc⁻¹ for each postpartum day and available variables other than STc⁻¹. We measured multiple variables (milk yield, calving number, age, body temperature, etc.), including serum total Ca concentration (tCa), blood ionized Ca concentration (iCa) and STc⁻¹ in 462 Holstein cows on days 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 postpartum. A very high correlation was observed between iCa and tCa. The association between tCa and STc⁻¹ for each postpartum day had a high coefficient of determination of 0.61–0.79 postpartum 0–2 days but decreased after the third day. In the investigation using the data from postpartum days 0–2, STc⁻¹, heart rate interval, calving number, and age were highly correlated with tCa. In addition, a multiple regression equation was obtained with tCa as the objective variable and STc⁻¹ and calving number as explanatory variables. The estimation accuracy was improved as compared with the simple regression equation using only STc⁻¹ as the explanatory variable. This multiple regression equation was used for 11 cows suspected of having hypocalcemia, and it was able to correctly detect cows requiring early treatment, except for one cow.  相似文献   

Evaluation of validity and limitations of the soybean canopy height‐to‐row spacing ratio as an onsite index to control weeds using diverse soybean accessions     

Shunji Kurokawa  Akito Kaga  Mai Tsuda  Daisuke Sekine  Tomoko Shibuya 《Weed Biology and Management》2019,19(3):103-110

A canopy height‐to‐row spacing ratio (CHRSR) of 1.0 is expected to be a simple and practical onsite index for soybean growers to determine when further weed control is no longer necessary. This is decided when relative photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) reaches 50% under the soybean canopy. To evaluate the validity of this index, a 2‐year field experiment was conducted to compare days after sowing (DAS) to reach a relative PPFD of 50% (defined as PPFD50) and DAS to reach a CHRSR of 1.0 (defined as CHRSR1.0) in 190 accessions with different canopy architectures from a soybean core collection. A total of 104 accessions, for which final relative PPFD reached <10% in 2014, were examined for the differences between CHRSR1.0 and PPFD50. The mean and median values of the difference in 2014 were 0.02 and 2.2, respectively. Similarly, the mean and median values in 2015 were 2.8 and 2.6, respectively. Thus, CHRSR1.0 tended to be achieved slightly later than PPFD50, so a consideration was made that there would be a negligible risk of failure if growers used CHRSR1.0 to determine the termination time for weed control in the most of accessions. Although there were some accessions with a standing type of morphological characteristics or with a smaller or narrower leaf, showing negative differences between CHRSR1.0 and PPFD50 larger than 1 week, a CHRSR of 1.0 could be used to estimate PPFD50 in most of accessions without risk of failure to control weeds.  相似文献   

Substitution mapping and characterization of brown planthopper resistance genes from indica rice variety, ‘PTB33’ (Oryza sativa L.)     

Cuong Dinh Nguyen  Shao-Hui Zheng  Sachiyo Sanada-Morimura  Masaya Matsumura  Hideshi Yasui  Daisuke Fujita 《Breeding Science》2021,71(5):497

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield is severely reduced by the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens Stål, in Asian countries. Increasing resistance in rice against BPH can mitigate yield loss. Previous reports indicated the presence of three BPH resistance genes, BPH2, BPH17-ptb, and BPH32, in durable resistant indica rice cultivar ‘PTB33’. However, several important questions remain unclear; the genetic locations of BPH resistance genes on rice chromosomes and how these genes confer resistance, especially with relationship to three major categories of resistance mechanisms; antibiosis, antixenosis or tolerance. In this study, locations of BPH2, BPH17-ptb, and BPH32 were delimited using chromosome segment substitution lines derived from crosses between ‘Taichung 65’ and near-isogenic lines for BPH2 (BPH2-NIL), BPH17-ptb (BPH17-ptb-NIL), and BPH32 (BPH32-NIL). BPH2 was delimited as approximately 247.5 kbp between RM28449 and ID-161-2 on chromosome 12. BPH17-ptb and BPH32 were located between RM1305 and RM6156 on chromosome 4 and RM508 and RM19341 on chromosome 6, respectively. The antibiosis, antixenosis, and tolerance were estimated by several tests using BPH2-NIL, BPH17-ptb-NIL, and BPH32-NIL. BPH2 and BPH17-ptb showed resistance to antibiosis and antixenosis, while BPH17-ptb and BPH32 showed tolerance. These results contribute to the development of durable BPH resistance lines using three resistance genes from ‘PTB33’.  相似文献   

Symptom development of the resinous stem canker caused by inoculation withCistella japonica ontoChamaecyparis obtusa     

Yasuo Suto  Daisuke Ougi 《Journal of Forest Research》1999,4(2):177-182

Cistella japonica was inoculated onto the stems of youngChamaecyparis obtusa trees, and the development of external and internal symptoms was investigated for five years. Most lesions started exuding resin from May to July during the first growing season after inoculation, while a few lesions started exuding resin during the second growing season. Resin exudation lasted for two successive years on most lesions, and during successive three, four, or five years on some lesions. Resin exuded excessively in the secondary phloem of the lesions and resin cysts frequently developed there. The lesions where cambial tissue was necrosed occupied 18% of all the lesions and the resinous areas expanded to a larger size than those where resin simply exuded in the phloem.Ci. japonica was reisolated from some inoculated lesion tissues at a high frequency. The isolation frequency of the fungus from some lesion tissues two and more years later was zero or low and that ofCryptosporiopsis abietina was high. This work was supported by a grant from the Forest Agency of the Japanese Government.  相似文献   

Relations between the colorimetric values and densities of sapwood     

Yoshihiko Nishino  Gérard Janin  Yuji Yainada  Daisuke Kitano 《Journal of Wood Science》2000,46(4):267-272

Color measurements were made for sapwood specimens of 26 hardwood species. The densities of the specimens ranged from 258.5 to 945.6kg/m³. The colorimetric values and densities were compared among the species. The tristimulus values ofX, Y, andZ were poorly correlated with the densities. The chromaticity coordinatex had a good linear correlation with the densities of the wood specimens, especially in the transverse planes. The transverse plane of wood fibers is thought to emphasize the relative values in the long wavelength region of the visible ray.Part of this report was presented at the 49th annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo, April 1999  相似文献   

Paternity determination of captive bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) using microsatellite DNA analysis     

Sumiyama D  Kitamura S  Terasawa F  Hori Y  Murata K  Kulski JK  Inoko H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2008,70(7):711-713

We applied previously published PCR primer pairs to amplify alleles at three polymorphic microsatellite loci to determine the genetic relationship of 6 bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) that were living together in a Japanese aquarium. The three microsatellite loci were sufficient to determine the haplotype relationships of the six dolphins, which represented three different generations. It was confirmed that this genotyping method is simple and economical for assessing, establishing and maintaining genetic diversity in captive populations and will become a very effective technique for ex situ conservation in aquariums and zoos.  相似文献   

Brain abscess in a Japanese black calf: utility of computed tomography (CT)     

El-Khodery S  Yamada K  Aoki D  Kamio K  Kishimoto M  Shimizu J  Kobayashi Y  Ishii M  Inokuma H  Yamauchi S  Matsui T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2008,70(7):727-730

Computed tomography (CT) was used for diagnosis of brain abscess in a 6-month-old, Japanese black calf presented with neurological dysfunction, compulsive circling and vision disturbance. CT images showed asymmetric lateral ventricles, and presence of intra-cranial multiple low absorption lesions surrounded by capsule suggestive of abscess in the right cerebral hemisphere. Postmortem examination revealed marked swelling of right cerebral hemisphere and olfactory bulb. Multilocular large abscess containing creamy pus was found to occupy most area of periventricular and lateral ventricle. Fusobacterium necrophrum was isolated from the abscess contents as the causative agent. These results demonstrate that CT is useful tool for tentative diagnosis of bovine brain abscess.  相似文献   

Yellow spot of white lace flower caused by Pleospora herbarum in Japan     

Daisuke Kurose  Yoshihiko Kanegae  Tomoo Misawa  Yoshiyuki Ebihara  Chika Tanaka  Terukazu Watanabe  Seiji Uematsu  Seiya Tsushima  Toyozo Sato 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2015,81(2):169-172

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