The impact of salinity on paddy production and possible varietal portfolio transition: a Vietnamese case study     

Dam  Thi Huyen Trang  Amjath-Babu  T. S.  Bellingrath-Kimura  Sonoko  Zander  Peter 《Paddy and Water Environment》2019,17(4):771-782

Paddy and Water Environment - Increasing soil salinisation is an environmental stressor that causes significant reduction in crop productivity and increases the risk of farming and hence reduces...  相似文献   

Factors constraining and enabling agroforestry adoption in Viet Nam: a multi-level policy analysis     

Elisabeth S. Simelton  Delia C. Catacutan  Thu C. Dao  Bac V. Dam  Thinh D. Le 《Agroforestry Systems》2017,91(1):51-67

Agroforestry is known to have multiple economic and environmental benefits. Despite this, the adoption of agroforestry in Viet Nam is limited both in extent and diversity of components and practices. Our study identified gaps for agroforestry adoption in current policies and policy implementation. National policy and provincial instructions and decisions were reviewed and discussed during ten stakeholders’ consultation workshops. The review and workshops concluded that there were no specific national and few provincial specific policies promoting agroforestry. In addition, the segregation of policies into agriculture and forestry, promoted monoculture practices and discouraged the integration of mixed annual and perennial tree species. Completing the forestland allocation process was considered essential for long-term investment on land and providing collateral for loans. More holistic policies, such as a provincial strategy for agroforestry development that would enable flexible integration of agriculture, forestry and livestock were perceived to be more effective and inclusive to poor and non-poor farmers. Specific cross-cutting budget allocation would be necessary for capacity building, upscaling agroforestry models, procurement of high-quality inputs, and establishing post-harvest processing and marketing investments.  相似文献   

Effects of short- and long-term recombinant equine growth hormone and short-term hydrocortisone administration on tissue sensitivity to insulin in horses     

de Graaf-Roelfsema E  Tharasanit T  van Dam KG  Keizer HA  van Breda E  Wijnberg ID  Stout TA  van der Kolk JH 《American journal of veterinary research》2005,66(11):1907-1913

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of short-term IV administration of hydrocortisone or equine growth hormone (eGH) or long-term IM administration of eGH to horses on tissue sensitivity to exogenous insulin. ANIMALS: 5 Standardbreds and 4 Dutch Warmblood horses. PROCEDURE: The euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp technique was used to examine sensitivity of peripheral tissues to exogenous insulin 24 hours after administration of a single dose of hydrocortisone (0.06 mg/kg), eGH (20 microg/kg), or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution and after long-term administration (11 to 15 days) of eGH to horses. The amounts of metabolized glucose (M) and plasma insulin concentration (I) were determined. RESULTS: Values for M and the M-to-I ratio were significantly higher 24 hours after administration of a single dose of hydrocortisone than after single-dose administration of eGH or saline solution. After long-term administration of eGH, basal I concentration was increased and the mean M-to-I ratio was 22% lower, compared with values for horses treated with saline solution. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Increases in M and the M-to-I ratio after a single dose of hydrocortisone imply that short-term hydrocortisone treatment increases glucose use by, and insulin sensitivity of, peripheral tissues. Assuming a single dose of hydrocortisone improves sensitivity of peripheral tissues to insulin, it may be an interesting candidate for use in reducing insulin resistance in peripheral tissues of horses with several disease states. In contrast, long-term administration of eGH decreased tissue sensitivity to exogenous insulin associated with hyperinsulinemia. Therefore, increased concentrations of growth hormone may contribute to insulin resistance in horses with various disease states.  相似文献   

Heterobilharzia americana infection in a dog     

Flowers JR  Hammerberg B  Wood SL  Malarkey DE  van Dam GJ  Levy MG  McLawhorn LD 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2002,220(2):193-6, 183

A 7-year-old castrated male Golden Retriever cross was evaluated because of intermittent blood-tinged diarrhea, severe weight loss, anorexia, and lethargy of 2 months' duration; the dog was unresponsive to antimicrobial and standard anthelmintic treatment. Results of fecal flotations for parasite ova were negative. Alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase activities and total protein and globulin conentrations were greater than reference ranges. Biopsy specimens were obtained during laparotomy and examination revealed multiple granulomatous lesions with helminth ova nidi in the intestine, pancreas, liver, and mesenteric lymph node. Saline solution direct smear and saline solution sedimentation of feces yielded trematode ova that were morphologically consistent with Heterobilharzia americana. Identification was confirmed when miracidia were hatched from these ova and produced characteristic cercariae from infected snails. An antigen capture ELISA, typically used for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis in humans, was performed, and schistosome circulating anodic antigen was detected. Treatment with 30 mg of praziquantel/kg (14 mg/lb) of body weight stopped ova shedding, removed detectable circulating antigens, and caused the dog's body weight and attitude to return to normal. Although this is the first report of canine heterobilharziasis in North Carolina, it suggests that heterobilharziasis is underdiagnosed in dogs that have contact with water frequented by raccoons. Inappropriate diagnostic procedures can foil accurate detection of this parasitic disease.  相似文献   

Exploring the trophic structure in organically fertilized and feed-driven tilapia culture environments using multivariate analyses   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Patricia N Muendo  Ana Milstein  Anne A van  Dam  El-Naggar Gamal  Jetse J Stoorvogel  & Marc C J Verdegem 《Aquaculture Research》2006,37(2):151-163

Reports of similar yields in manure and feed‐driven tilapia culture environments raise questions on food utilization in these environments. The possibility that similar production rates are because of utilization of different foods was investigated using exploratory techniques of multivariate analyses. Using factor analysis, trophic pathways through which food becomes available to fish were explored, and using anova models, water quality, sediment quality and tilapia growth and yields were compared. Conceptual graphic models of the main ecological processes occurring in feed‐driven and organically fertilized environments are presented and discussed. In both environments, autotrophic and heterotrophic pathways are important processes that result in the availability of natural foods that are utilized by the fish. Extrapolated fish yield data indicate that with equal nutrient input and stocking density, organically fertilized environments could achieve production rates similar to those in feed‐driven environments. The general assumption that supplemental or complete foods are well utilized by tilapia in outdoor stagnant ponds remains challenged, and further research on tilapia feeding behaviour and food selection in feed‐and organic fertilizer‐driven environments is needed.  相似文献   

Gibberellic acid as a gametocide for cole crops     

Q. P. van der Meer  R. Van Dam 《Euphytica》1979,28(3):717-722

Summary In preliminary and more elaborate trials GA_4/7 appeared to be an effective gametocide for Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower and kale.After repeated spraying of 10, 50 of 100 mg GA_4/7 per I isopropyl alcohol, during at least two weeks from the beginning of bolting, large numbers of male sterile flowers occurred during the early part of the flowering period. Many plants turned complete male sterile for periods up to 24 days.It is concluded that, depending on the type of cole crop, higher quantities of GA_4/7 or longer spraying periods are needed for permanent male sterility.  相似文献   

Identification of epistatic interaction affecting glycoalkaloid content in tubers of tetraploid potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)     

Jacob van Dam  Ilan Levin  Paul C. Struik  David Levy 《Euphytica》2003,134(3):353-360

Glycoalkaloids are secondary metabolites characterised by an undesirable taste, and known to be toxic when consumed in large quantities. Their content in potato tubers should therefore be selected against and DNA markers can significantly facilitate such a process. This study was designed to describe the genetic control of the total content of glycoalkaloids (TGA) in the potato tuber and to enhance the development of DNA markers. A segregating population was constructed from tetraploid potatoclones, which were characterised by divergent TGA-content. The population had a high-TGA parent, LT7, and a low-TGA parent, NT8. We used 342 Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) single primers or two such primer combinations and 36 Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequence (CAPS)primer pairs, digested with various restriction enzymes, to amplify random PCR products. Parental clones of both populations were used to identify polymorphic PCR products for further linkage analyses with TGA-content. In these analyses, one single ISSR marker was found to be significantly associated with TGA-content. A multiple regression analysis was also carried out using a ‘stepwise’ procedure. In this regression analysis TGA-content was the dependent variable whereas the polymorphic PCR products and all possible two-way interactions among them were the independent variables. The resulting best model consisted of an interaction between two loci in addition to a single locus effect. This interaction suggests that the expression of TGA-content is partially modulated by two interacting loci. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

A system for rapid DNA sequencing with fluorescent chain-terminating dideoxynucleotides   总被引：67，自引：0，他引：67  

J M Prober  G L Trainor  R J Dam  F W Hobbs  C W Robertson  R J Zagursky  A J Cocuzza  M A Jensen  K Baumeister 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1987,238(4825):336-341

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True potato seed research and development in Vietnam     

Vu Tuyen Hoang  Pham Xuan Liem  Vu Bich Dan  Ngo Doan Dam  Nguyen Xuan Linh  Nguyen Van Viet  Pham Xuan Tung  Peter Vander Zaag 《American Journal of Potato Research》1988,65(5):295-300

Quality tuber planting material is unavailable in the Red River Delta (RRD). The use of True Potato Seed (TPS) was considered as an alternative planting material. During the 1985–86 and 1986–87 seasons, 21 and 40 kilos of open pollinated TPS, respectively, were collected in the southern highlands and distributed to over 40 cooperative groups of farmers in the RRD. Fifty-two hectares (1985-86) and 120 hectares (1986-87) of potatoes were produced from transplants in the two years of on-farm production. Approximately 50% of the farmers were successful in both years. Lack of experience and too wet or too dry growing conditions caused most of the failures. Yields from transplants ranged from 5 to 13 t/ha with 150 to 300 seedling tubers/m². Seedling tubers can be stored for eight months with low storage losses and when replanted give substantially higher yields than those obtained from locally grown, degenerated seed tubers.  相似文献   

Phosphorylated human lectin galectin-3: analysis of ligand binding by histochemical monitoring of normal/malignant squamous epithelia and by isothermal titration calorimetry     

Szabo P  Dam TK  Smetana K  Dvoránková B  Kübler D  Brewer CF  Gabius HJ 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2009,38(1):68-75

The human lectin galectin-3 is a multifunctional effector with special functions in regulation of adhesion and apoptosis. Its unique trimodular organization includes the 12-residue N-terminal sequence, a substrate for protein kinase CK1-dependent phosphorylation. As a step towards elucidating its significance, we prepared phosphorylated galectin-3, labelled it and used it as a tool in histochemistry. We monitored normal and malignant squamous epithelia. Binding was suprabasal with obvious positive correlation to the degree of differentiation and negative correlation to proliferation. The staining pattern resembled that obtained with the unmodified lectin. Basal cell carcinomas were invariably negative. The epidermal positivity profile was akin to distribution of the desmosomal protein desmoglein, as also seen with keratinocytes in vitro . In all cases, binding was inhibitable by the presence of lactose, prompting further investigation of the activity of the lectin site by a sensitive biochemical method, i.e. isothermal titration calorimetry. The overall affinity and the individual enthalpic and entropic contributions were determined. No effect of phosphorylation was revealed. This strategic combination of histo- and biochemical techniques applied to an endogenous effector after its processing by a protein kinase thus enabled a detailed monitoring of the binding properties of the post-translationally modified lectin. It underscores the value of using endogenous lectins as a histochemical tool. The documented approach has merit for applications beyond lectinology.  相似文献